Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 1,672

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Molecular mechanisms of drug resistance

Open access
Longley, DB, Johnston, PG·2005·The Journal of Pathology
DOI 10.1002/path.1706
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Resistance to chemotherapy limits the effectiveness of anti‐cancer drug treatment. Tumours may be intrinsically drug‐resistant or develop resistance to chemotherapy during treatment. Acquired resistance is a particular problem, as tumours not only become resistant to the drugs originally used to treat them, but may also become cross‐resistant to other drugs with different mechanisms of action. Resistance to chemotherapy is believed to cause treatment failure in over 90% of patients with metastatic cancer, and resistant micrometastic tumour cells may also reduce the effectiveness of chemotherapy in the adjuvant setting. Clearly, if drug resistance could be overcome, the impact on survival would be highly significant. This review focuses on molecular mechanisms of drug resistance that operate to reduce drug sensitivity in cancer cells. Drug resistance can occur at many levels, including increased drug efflux, drug inactivation, alterations in drug target, processing of drug‐induced damage, and evasion of apoptosis. Advances in DNA microarray and proteomic technology, and the ongoing development of new targeted therapies have opened up new opportunities to combat drug resistance. We are now able to characterize the signalling pathways involved in regulating tumour cell response to chemotherapy more completely than ever before. This will facilitate the future development of rational combined chemotherapy regimens, in which the newer targeted therapies are used in combination with cytotoxic drugs to enhance chemotherapy activity. The ability to predict response to chemotherapy and to modulate this response with targeted therapies will permit selection of the best treatment for individual patients. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/path.1706

Cites

18 of 18 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 236

  1. 10.1200/JCO.1993.11.1.5 · DOI
  2. Jackman AL, 1991, ICI D1694, a quinazoline antifolate thymidylate synthase inhibitor that is a potent inhibitor of L1210 tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo: a new agent for clinical study, Cancer Res, 51, 5579
  3. 10.1007/978-1-59259-725-3_3 · DOI
  4. Guo W, 1999, Mechanisms of methotrexate resistance in osteosarcoma, Clin Cancer Res, 5, 621
  5. 10.1182/blood.V100.10.3832 · DOI
  6. 10.1016/S0006-2952(03)00007-8 · DOI
  7. 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.39.1.361 · DOI · Paper page
  8. 10.1177/107327480301000207 · DOI · Paper page
  9. 10.1016/S0928-0987(00)00114-7 · DOI · Paper page
  10. 10.1093/jnci/95.4.255 · DOI
  11. 10.1016/S0960-894X(99)00030-X · DOI
  12. 10.1016/S0065-2571(96)00021-0 · DOI
  13. 10.2165/00003088-198916040-00002 · DOI · Paper page
  14. 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700393 · DOI
  15. Salonga D, 2000, Colorectal tumors responding to 5‐fluorouracil have low gene expression levels of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, thymidylate synthase, and thymidine phosphorylase, Clin Cancer Res, 6, 1322
  16. Meijer C, 1992, Relationship of cellular glutathione to the cytotoxicity and resistance of seven platinum compounds, Cancer Res, 52, 6885
  17. 10.1016/S0021-9258(20)80702-9 · DOI · Paper page
  18. 10.1016/1040-8428(93)90042-3 · DOI
  19. Sakamoto M, 2001, Analysis of gene expression profiles associated with cisplatin resistance in human ovarian cancer cell lines and tissues using cDNA microarray, Hum Cell, 14, 305
  20. Cullen KJ, 2003, Glutathione S‐transferase pi amplification is associated with cisplatin resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and primary tumors, Cancer Res, 63, 8097
  21. 10.1038/bjc.1993.321 · DOI
  22. Shiga H, 1999, Prognostic value of p53, glutathione S‐transferase pi, and thymidylate synthase for neoadjuvant cisplatin‐based chemotherapy in head and neck cancer, Clin Cancer Res, 5, 4097
  23. Kasahara K, 1991, Metallothionein content correlates with the sensitivity of human small cell lung cancer cell lines to cisplatin, Cancer Res, 51, 3237
  24. 10.1126/science.3175622 · DOI · Paper page
  25. 10.1002/ijc.2910450306 · DOI
  26. 10.1038/bjc.1991.160 · DOI
  27. 10.1016/S0959-8049(00)00192-1 · DOI
  28. 10.1016/S0006-2952(01)00812-7 · DOI
  29. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-03-0548 · DOI · Paper page
  30. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-03-0362 · DOI
  31. Kojima A, 1998, Reversal of CPT‐11 resistance of lung cancer cells by adenovirus‐mediated gene transfer of the human carboxylesterase cDNA, Cancer Res, 58, 4368
  32. 10.1016/0006-2952(85)90737-3 · DOI
  33. 10.1016/0277-5379(83)90013-5 · DOI
  34. 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690589 · DOI
  35. 10.1007/978-1-59259-725-3_6 · DOI
  36. Barnes MJ, 1999, Impact of polyglutamation on sensitivity to raltitrexed and methotrexate in relation to drug‐induced inhibition of de novo thymidylate and purine biosynthesis in CCRF‐CEM cell lines, Clin Cancer Res, 5, 2548
  37. 10.1007/978-1-59259-725-3_5 · DOI
  38. Johnston PG, 1995, Thymidylate synthase gene and protein expression correlate and are associated with response to 5‐fluorouracil in human colorectal and gastric tumors, Cancer Res, 55, 1407
  39. Lenz HJ, 1998, p53 point mutations and thymidylate synthase messenger RNA levels in disseminated colorectal cancer: an analysis of response and survival, Clin Cancer Res, 4, 1243
  40. 10.3816/CCC.2001.n.018 · DOI
  41. Chu E, 1993, Regulation of thymidylate synthase in human colon cancer cells treated with 5‐fluorouracil and interferon‐gamma, Mol Pharmacol, 43, 527, 10.1016/S0026-895X(25)13411-1 · DOI
  42. 10.1200/JCO.1989.7.7.890 · DOI
  43. 10.1128/MCB.14.1.207 · DOI
  44. Longley DB, 2001, Characterization of a thymidylate synthase (TS)‐inducible cell line: a model system for studying sensitivity to TS‐ and non‐TS‐targeted chemotherapies, Clin Cancer Res, 7, 3533
  45. Longley DB, 2002, The role of thymidylate synthase induction in modulating p53‐regulated gene expression in response to 5‐fluorouracil and antifolates, Cancer Res, 62, 2644
  46. 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb07020.x · DOI · Paper page
  47. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19971210)73:6<891::AID-IJC22>3.0.CO;2-6 · DOI
  48. 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb26381.x · DOI · Paper page
  49. Lansiaux A, 2001, Topoisomerase I–DNA covalent complexes in human colorectal cancer xenografts with different p53 and microsatellite instability status: relation with their sensitivity to CTP‐11, Anticancer Res, 21, 471
  50. 10.1139/o92-055 · DOI
  51. Friche E, 1991, Decreased DNA topoisomerase II in daunorubicin‐resistant Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, Cancer Res, 51, 4213
  52. 10.1038/nrc1317 · DOI · Paper page
  53. Jordan MA, 1996, Mitotic block induced in HeLa cells by low concentrations of paclitaxel (Taxol) results in abnormal mitotic exit and apoptotic cell death, Cancer Res, 56, 816
  54. 10.1073/pnas.90.20.9552 · DOI · Paper page
  55. 10.1200/JCO.1999.17.3.1061 · DOI · Paper page
  56. Kavallaris M, 2001, Multiple microtubule alterations are associated with vinca alkaloid resistance in human leukemia cells, Cancer Res, 61, 5803
  57. 10.1016/S0304-419X(00)00022-6 · DOI
  58. 10.1074/jbc.272.27.17118 · DOI · Paper page
  59. Reardon JT, 1999, Efficient nucleotide excision repair of cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and bis‐aceto‐ammine‐dichloro‐cyclohexylamine‐platinum(IV) (JM216) platinum intrastrand DNA diadducts, Cancer Res, 59, 3968
  60. 10.1093/jnci/88.19.1346 · DOI · Paper page
  61. Furuta T, 2002, Transcription‐coupled nucleotide excision repair as a determinant of cisplatin sensitivity of human cells, Cancer Res, 62, 4899
  62. 10.1016/S0305-7372(98)90056-1 · DOI · Paper page
  63. 10.1093/carcin/14.10.2177 · DOI
  64. 10.1242/jcs.111.3.395 · DOI
  65. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-0348 · DOI
  66. Selvakumaran M, 2003, Enhanced cisplatin cytotoxicity by disturbing the nucleotide excision repair pathway in ovarian cancer cell lines, Cancer Res, 63, 1311
  67. 10.1172/JCI117388 · DOI · Paper page
  68. 10.1200/JCO.1998.16.1.309 · DOI · Paper page
  69. Lord RV, 2002, Low ERCC1 expression correlates with prolonged survival after cisplatin plus gemcitabine chemotherapy in non‐small cell lung cancer, Clin Cancer Res, 8, 2286
  70. 10.1200/JCO.2001.19.23.4298 · DOI · Paper page
  71. Houghton JA, 1995, Ratio of 2′‐deoxyadenosine‐5′‐triphosphate/thymidine‐5′‐triphosphate influences the commitment of human colon carcinoma cells to thymineless death, Clin Cancer Res, 1, 723
  72. 10.1016/0006-2952(96)00035-4 · DOI
  73. 10.1073/pnas.71.9.3649 · DOI · Paper page
  74. 10.2174/1389203013380991 · DOI
  75. 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1358 · DOI
  76. 10.1038/sj.onc.1205704 · DOI
  77. 10.1054/bjoc.2001.1921 · DOI
  78. 10.1016/0163-7258(89)90084-3 · DOI
  79. 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06706.x · DOI
  80. 10.1038/bjc.1995.341 · DOI
  81. Paulson TG, 1996, Microsatellite instability correlates with reduced survival and poor disease prognosis in breast cancer, Cancer Res, 56, 4021
  82. 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2744(199902)24:2<90::AID-MC3>3.0.CO;2-B · DOI
  83. Fink D, 1998, The role of DNA mismatch repair in drug resistance, Clin Cancer Res, 4, 1
  84. 10.1016/0959-437X(95)80055-7 · DOI · Paper page
  85. 10.1038/sj.onc.1201167 · DOI
  86. Plumb JA, 2000, Reversal of drug resistance in human tumor xenografts by 2′‐deoxy‐5‐azacytidine‐induced demethylation of the hMLH1 gene promoter, Cancer Res, 60, 6039
  87. 10.1054/bjoc.2001.2037 · DOI
  88. 10.1177/153473540200100301 · DOI
  89. Vaisman A, 1998, The role of hMLH1, hMSH3, and hMSH6 defects in cisplatin and oxaliplatin resistance: correlation with replicative bypass of platinum–DNA adducts, Cancer Res, 58, 3579
  90. 10.1016/S0960-9822(99)80047-5 · DOI
  91. Meyers M, 2001, Role of the hMLH1 DNA mismatch repair protein in fluoropyrimidine‐mediated cell death and cell cycle responses, Cancer Res, 61, 5193
  92. Elsaleh H, 2001, P53 alteration and microsatellite instability have predictive value for survival benefit from chemotherapy in stage III colorectal carcinoma, Clin Cancer Res, 7, 1343
  93. 10.1186/1476-4598-3-21 · DOI
  94. 10.1007/s10147-004-0406-4 · DOI
  95. 10.1002/ijc.1356 · DOI
  96. 10.1074/jbc.271.33.19645 · DOI · Paper page
  97. 10.1038/bjc.1998.116 · DOI
  98. Jacob S, 2001, The role of the DNA mismatch repair system in the cytotoxicity of the topoisomerase inhibitors camptothecin and etoposide to human colorectal cancer cells, Cancer Res, 61, 6555
  99. 10.1002/ijc.10565 · DOI
  100. 10.1054/bjoc.1999.1019 · DOI
  101. Fallik D, 2003, Microsatellite instability is a predictive factor of the tumor response to irinotecan in patients with advanced colorectal cancer, Cancer Res, 63, 5738
  102. 10.1016/j.cellbi.2006.11.012 · DOI · Paper page
  103. 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81871-1 · DOI · Paper page
  104. 10.1038/sj.neo.7900073 · DOI
  105. 10.1016/S0304-419X(00)00019-6 · DOI · Paper page
  106. 10.1128/MCB.18.5.2768 · DOI
  107. Miyashita T, 1994, Tumor suppressor p53 is a regulator of bcl‐2 and bax gene expression in vitro and in vivo, Oncogene, 9, 1799
  108. Petak I, 2000, p53 dependence of Fas induction and acute apoptosis in response to 5‐fluorouracil‐leucovorin in human colon carcinoma cell lines, Clin Cancer Res, 6, 4432
  109. 10.1073/pnas.96.25.14517 · DOI · Paper page
  110. 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00171-9 · DOI · Paper page
  111. 10.1038/79542 · DOI · Paper page
  112. 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00073-8 · DOI · Paper page
  113. 10.1002/ijc.1637 · DOI
  114. Ahnen DJ, 1998, Ki‐ras mutation and p53 overexpression predict the clinical behavior of colorectal cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group study, Cancer Res, 58, 1149
  115. 10.1054/bjoc.1999.0964 · DOI
  116. 10.1093/jnci/88.3-4.173 · DOI · Paper page
  117. van Oijen MG, 2000, Gain‐of‐function mutations in the tumor suppressor gene p53, Clin Cancer Res, 6, 2138
  118. Fan S, 1994, p53 gene mutations are associated with decreased sensitivity of human lymphoma cells to DNA damaging agents, Cancer Res, 54, 5824
  119. Perego P, 1996, Association between cisplatin resistance and mutation of p53 gene and reduced bax expression in ovarian carcinoma cell systems, Cancer Res, 56, 556
  120. 10.1038/sj.onc.1200813 · DOI
  121. Fan S, 1995, Disruption of p53 function sensitizes breast cancer MCF‐7 cells to cisplatin and pentoxifylline, Cancer Res, 55, 1649
  122. Hawkins DS, 1996, Inactivation of p53 enhances sensitivity to multiple chemotherapeutic agents, Cancer Res, 56, 892
  123. O'Connor PM, 1997, Characterization of the p53 tumor suppressor pathway in cell lines of the National Cancer Institute anticancer drug screen and correlations with the growth‐inhibitory potency of 123 anticancer agents, Cancer Res, 57, 4285
  124. 10.1006/gyno.1998.5094 · DOI
  125. Righetti SC, 1996, A comparative study of p53 gene mutations, protein accumulation, and response to cisplatin‐based chemotherapy in advanced ovarian carcinoma, Cancer Res, 56, 689
  126. 10.1016/S0959-8049(97)10169-1 · DOI
  127. 10.1016/S0344-0338(00)80048-5 · DOI
  128. 10.1158/1535-7163.169.3.2 · DOI
  129. Dart DA, 2004, The role of p53 in the chemotherapeutic responses to cisplatin, doxorubicin and 5‐fluorouracil treatment, Int J Oncol, 24, 115
  130. 10.1016/S0145-2126(99)00102-2 · DOI
  131. Geisler S, 2001, Influence of TP53 gene alterations and c‐erbB‐2 expression on the response to treatment with doxorubicin in locally advanced breast cancer, Cancer Res, 61, 2505
  132. 10.1016/j.ejca.2003.10.011 · DOI
  133. Pavillard V, 2004, Cellular parameters predictive of the clinical response of colorectal cancers to irinotecan. A preliminary study, Anticancer Res, 24, 579
  134. 10.1016/S0959-8049(02)00119-3 · DOI
  135. 10.1038/nm0196-72 · DOI · Paper page
  136. Johnson KR, 2002, Reduced expression of p53 and p21WAF1/CIP1 sensitizes human breast cancer cells to paclitaxel and its combination with 5‐fluorouracil, Anticancer Res, 22, 3197
  137. 10.1200/JCO.2000.18.23.3936 · DOI
  138. Gadducci A, 2000, p53 status is neither a predictive nor a prognostic variable in patients with advanced ovarian cancer treated with a paclitaxel‐based regimen, Anticancer Res, 20, 4793
  139. 10.1093/jnci/djh312 · DOI · Paper page
  140. 10.1038/ng837 · DOI · Paper page
  141. 10.1128/MCB.21.10.3445-3450.2001 · DOI · Paper page
  142. 10.1038/sj.onc.1204712 · DOI
  143. 10.1634/theoncologist.5-6-501 · DOI
  144. Quinn JE, 2003, BRCA1 functions as a differential modulator of chemotherapy‐induced apoptosis, Cancer Res, 63, 6221
  145. 10.1038/35037710 · DOI · Paper page
  146. 10.1038/sj.onc.1202591 · DOI · Paper page
  147. Miyashita T, 1992, bcl‐2 gene transfer increases relative resistance of S49.1 and WEHI7.2 lymphoid cells to cell death and DNA fragmentation induced by glucocorticoids and multiple chemotherapeutic drugs, Cancer Res, 52, 5407
  148. Teixeira C, 1995, Estrogen promotes chemotherapeutic drug resistance by a mechanism involving Bcl‐2 proto‐oncogene expression in human breast cancer cells, Cancer Res, 55, 3902
  149. 10.1007/BF02388231 · DOI
  150. 10.1196/annals.1281.019 · DOI
  151. 10.1126/science.290.5493.989 · DOI · Paper page
  152. 10.1182/blood.V81.11.3091.3091 · DOI · Paper page
  153. Bonetti A, 1998, bcl‐2 but not p53 expression is associated with resistance to chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer, Clin Cancer Res, 4, 2331
  154. 10.1182/blood.V87.1.265.265 · DOI · Paper page
  155. 10.1016/S0959-8049(99)00005-2 · DOI
  156. Bottini A, 2000, p53 but not bcl‐2 immunostaining is predictive of poor clinical complete response to primary chemotherapy in breast cancer patients, Clin Cancer Res, 6, 2751
  157. Sjostrom J, 2002, The predictive value of bcl‐2, bax, bcl‐xL, bag‐1, fas, and fasL for chemotherapy response in advanced breast cancer, Clin Cancer Res, 8, 811
  158. 10.1038/bjc.1995.193 · DOI
  159. Joensuu H, 1994, Bcl‐2 protein expression and long‐term survival in breast cancer, Am J Pathol, 145, 1191
  160. 10.1677/erc.0.0060061 · DOI
  161. 10.1006/jsre.2001.6084 · DOI
  162. Krajewski S, 1995, Reduced expression of proapoptotic gene BAX is associated with poor response rates to combination chemotherapy and shorter survival in women with metastatic breast adenocarcinoma, Cancer Res, 55, 4471
  163. 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1658 · DOI
  164. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-040018 · DOI
  165. 10.1146/annurev.genet.33.1.29 · DOI · Paper page
  166. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-03-0532 · DOI
  167. 10.1007/s00280-004-0867-1 · DOI
  168. 10.1016/S0083-6729(04)67019-1 · DOI
  169. 10.1002/path.1028 · DOI
  170. 10.1093/intimm/12.4.555 · DOI
  171. 10.1038/nrc821 · DOI · Paper page
  172. 10.1023/A:1008331525368 · DOI
  173. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(20000320)89:2<127::AID-IJC5>3.0.CO;2-4 · DOI
  174. von Reyher U, 1998, Colon carcinoma cells use different mechanisms to escape CD95‐mediated apoptosis, Cancer Res, 58, 526
  175. Niehans GA, 1997, Human lung carcinomas express Fas ligand, Cancer Res, 57, 1007
  176. Gratas C, 1998, Up‐regulation of Fas (APO‐1/CD95) ligand and down‐regulation of Fas expression in human esophageal cancer, Cancer Res, 58, 2057
  177. 10.1046/j.1442-2050.1999.00033.x · DOI
  178. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-1092-03 · DOI
  179. 10.1046/j.1524-4741.2000.98087.x · DOI
  180. 10.1046/j.0269-4727.2003.00510.x · DOI
  181. 10.1002/ijc.10711 · DOI
  182. 10.1128/MCB.21.24.8247-8254.2001 · DOI · Paper page
  183. 10.1074/jbc.272.30.18542 · DOI · Paper page
  184. 10.1038/40657 · DOI · Paper page
  185. 10.1074/jbc.272.28.17255 · DOI · Paper page
  186. 10.1002/path.835 · DOI
  187. 10.1042/CS20030238 · DOI
  188. Tamm I, 1998, IAP‐family protein survivin inhibits caspase activity and apoptosis induced by Fas (CD95), Bax, caspases, and anticancer drugs, Cancer Res, 58, 5315
  189. 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2004.tb03169.x · DOI
  190. 10.1038/70487 · DOI · Paper page
  191. 10.1007/s00018-002-8518-3 · DOI · Paper page
  192. 10.1002/1097-0215(20010320)95:2<92::AID-IJC1016>3.0.CO;2-9 · DOI
  193. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-03-0642 · DOI
  194. 10.1023/A:1011167113067 · DOI
  195. 10.1016/S0014-4827(02)00098-8 · DOI · Paper page
  196. 10.1093/emboj/19.13.3159 · DOI · Paper page
  197. 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2003.11.041 · DOI · Paper page
  198. 10.1038/sj.onc.1201222 · DOI · Paper page
  199. 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3731 · DOI
  200. 10.1073/pnas.95.10.5724 · DOI · Paper page

200 of 236 shown

Cited by

See all 1,672

Metadata

Authors
Longley, D., & Johnston, P.
Venue
The Journal of Pathology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2005-01
Volume
205
Issue
2
Pages
275-292
ISSN
  • 0022-3417 (ISSN-L)
  • 1096-9896
DOI
10.1002/path.1706
OpenAlex
W2033346155
Cited by
1,672
References
18
FWCI
20.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 9 d)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.