Effects of mindfulness‐based interventions on fatigue and psychological wellbeing in women with cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised control trials
Open accessAbstract
Background: Cancer diagnosis and treatment can cause fatigue, stress and anxiety which can have a detrimental effect on patients, families and the wider community. Mindfulness‐based interventions appear to have positive effects on managing these cancer‐related symptoms. Objective: To investigate the efficacy of mindfulness on cancer related fatigue (CRF) and psychological well‐being in female cancer patients. Methods: Five databases (CINHAL, Ovid Medline, Ovid Psych Info, Scopus, and Cochrane), and two trial registers (WHO and Clinicaltrials.gov) were searched for randomised control trials from inception to April 2021 and updated in August 2022. Meta‐analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4. The standardised mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to determine the intervention effect. Subgroup analysis was performed for adaptation to types of mindfulness, length of intervention and types of comparator used. Results: Twenty‐one studies with a total of 2326 participants were identified. Mindfulness significantly improved CRF (SMD −0.81, 95% CI −1.17 to −0.44), depression (SMD−0.74, 95% CI −1.08 to −0.39) and anxiety (SMD −0.92, 95% CI −1.50 to −0.33). No effect was observed for quality of life (SMD 0.32, 95% CI −0.13–0.87) and sleep (SMD −0.65, 95% CI −1.34–0.04). Subgroup analysis revealed that there was little difference in SMD for adapted type of mindfulness ( p = 0.42), wait list control compared to active comparator ( p = 0.05) or length of intervention ( p = 0.29). Conclusion: Mindfulness appears to be effective in reducing CRF and other cancer related symptoms in women. Adaptations to mindfulness delivery did not have negative impact on results which may aid delivery in the clinical settings.
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A growing body of evidence supports the benefits of mindfulness as an effective treatment to improve mood and decrease symptoms of sleep disturbance and fatigue in cancer patients.
“A growing body of evidence supports the benefits of mindfulness as an effective treatment to improve mood and decrease symptoms of sleep disturbance and fatigue in cancer patients.12-19”
From Implementation Readiness and Initial Effects of a Brief Mindfulness Audio Intervention Compared With a Brief Music Control During Daily Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer: A Randomized Pilot Study. (2024) · cites this paper as [16]
The Conclusion reports a large effect of mindfulness on fatigue, anxiety and depression, supporting the fatigue and mood parts of the claim. It reports little or no effect on sleep, contrary to the claimed decrease in sleep disturbance. The review also concerns women with cancer, rather than cancer patients generally. (LLM, conf=0.92)
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“This interrelation of symptoms on CRF was also demonstrated in a mindfulness intervention of 249 women with breast cancer.(70) Within this study, mindfulness had the biggest effect on CRF directly but also indirectly by relieving or preventing anxiety, depression and sleep disturbance.”
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“The presence of these symptoms can lead to stress which may also lead to a further increase in the cluster symptoms.(20) The reduction of stress for cancer patients may be a factor in enhancing the management of CRF and interventions that can have the mind‐body impact that may result in improvements in lifestyle inclu…”
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“Diet and sleep hygiene although have evidence that may impact CRF, there remains a lack of studies that incorporate the role of diet in the direct management of CRF or sleep interventions that improve sleep substantially.(18) This lack of improvement in sleep can directly or indirectly effect CRF, this is known as a p…”
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“This lack of improvement in sleep can directly or indirectly effect CRF, this is known as a phenomena called ‘cluster symptoms’ where more than one symptom cluster together and effect each other positively or negatively, for CRF the symptoms identified include sleep, anxiety and depression.(19) The presence of these s…”
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“This large effect of mindfulness on cancer-related fatigue (WMD = -3.81) is consistent with other reviews [51–53] showing similar effects for fatigue.”
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“Moreover, mindfulness practice has been associated with improved emotional self-regulation and reduced stress and anxiety symptoms (41).”
- Authors
- McCloy, K., Hughes, C., Dunwoody, L., Marley, J., & Gracey, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Ulster (GB)
- Corresponding author
- McCloy, Kairen
- Venue
- Psycho-Oncology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2022-10-13
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1821-1834
- ISSN
- 1057-9249 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-1611
- PMC
- PMC9828570
- OpenAlex
- W4304587287
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 1.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Psycho-Oncology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ulster University Research Portal (Ulster University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Department for the Economy
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Keywords
- mindfulness-based interventions, cancer-related fatigue, psychological well-being, women with cancer, depression, anxiety, quality of life, sleep, waitlist control, intervention duration
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Depression, Fatigue, Female, Humans, Neoplasms, Quality of Life, Mindfulness
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