The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Taxonomy and function of C1 protein kinase C homology domains
Open accessAbstract
C1 domains are compact α/β structural units of about 50 amino acids which tightly bind two zinc ions. These domains were first discovered as the loci of phorbol ester and diacylglycerol binding to conventional protein kinase C isozymes, which contain two C1 domains (CIA and C1B) in their N‐terminal regulatory regions. We present a comprehensive list of 54 C1 domains occurring singly or doubly in 34 different proteins. Many C1 domains and C1 domain‐containing proteins bind phorbol esters, but many others do not. By combining analysis of 54 C1 domain sequences with information from previously reported solution and crystal structure determinations and site‐directed mutagenesis, profiles are derived and used to classify C1 domains. Twenty‐six C1 domains fit the profile for phorbol‐ester binding and are termed “typical.” Twenty‐eight other domains fit the profile for the overall C1 domain fold but do not fit the profile for phorbol ester binding, and are termed “atypical.” Proteins containing typical C1 domains are predicted to be regulated by diacylglycerol, whereas those containing only atypical domains are not.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Prior studies indicate that the GEFH1 C1 domain does not bind diacylglycerol,21”
From Structural basis of microtubule-mediated signal transduction (2026) · cites this paper as [26]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The C1 domain, also referred to as phorbol esters/diacylglycerol-binding domain, is part of a group of zinc-finger proteins homologous to the conserved region 1 of protein kinase C.”
From Structural basis of microtubule-mediated signal transduction (2026) · cites this paper as [26]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“The first retinoid form to be described to act in this way was retinol, which was reported to bind to different proteins from the serine/threonine kinase family, specifically rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (Raf) and protein kinase C (PKC), and function as a redox reagent [249,250].”
From Vitamin A Update: Forms, Sources, Kinetics, Detection, Function, Deficiency, Therapeutic Use and Toxicity (2021) · cites this paper as [250]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Protein kinase C - a question of specificity
Dekker, L. V., & Parker, P. J. (1994) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/0968-0004(94)90038-8 · Cited by 934
Self-citationIshizaki, T., Maekawa, M., Fujisawa, K., Okawa, K., Iwamatsu, A., Fujita, A., Watanabe, N., Saito, Y., Kakizuka, A., Morii, N., et al. (1996) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00539.x · Cited by 887
THE PROTEIN KINASE C FAMILY: HETEROGENEITY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS
Kikkawa, U., Kishimoto, A., & Nishizuka, Y. (1989) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.58.070189.000335 · Cited by 741
Self-citationZhang, G., Kazanietz, M. G., Blumberg, P. M., & Hurley, J. H. (1995) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90011-x · Cited by 652
Self-citationLipid activation of protein kinase C.
Bell, R. M., & Burns, D. J. (1991) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)67698-2 · Cited by 555
Gribskov, M., Lothy, R., & Eisenberg, D. S. (1990) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/0076-6879(90)83011-w · Cited by 469
Lozano, J., Berra, E., Municio, M. M., Díaz-Meco, M. T., Dominguez, I. M., Sanz, L., & Moscat, J. (1994) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)32152-x · Cited by 465
Phorbol ester binding to protein kinase C requires a cysteine-rich zinc-finger-like sequence.
Ono, Y., Fujii, T., Igarashi, K., Kuno, T., Tanaka, C., Kikkawa, U., & Nishizuka, Y. (1989) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.86.13.4868 · Cited by 437
Self-citationValverde, Á. M., Sinnett‐Smith, J. W., Lint, J. V., & Rozengurt, E. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.18.8572 · Cited by 416
Raf-1 Kinase Possesses Distinct Binding Domains for Phosphatidylserine and Phosphatidic Acid
Ghosh, S., Strum, J. C., Sciorra, V. A., Daniel, L. W., & Bell, R. M. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.14.8472 · Cited by 415
Díaz-Meco, M. T., Municio, M. M., Frutos, S., Sánchez‐Gómez, P., Lozano, J., Sanz, L., & Moscat, J. (1996) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80152-x · Cited by 361
Nonaka, H., Tanaka, K., Hirano, H., Fujiwara, T., Kohno, H., Umikawa, M., Mino, A., & Takai, Y. (1995) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00281.x · Cited by 341
Hart, M. J., Eva, A., Zangrilli, D., Aaronson, S. A., Evans, T., Cerione, R. A., & Zheng, Y. (1994) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42313-1 · Cited by 315
Activation of Yeast Protein Kinase C by Rho1 GTPase
Kamada, Y., Qadota, H., Python, C. P., Anraku, Y., Ohya, Y., & Levin, D. E. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.16.9193 · Cited by 280
Protein kinase C contains two phorbol ester binding domains.
Burns, D. J., & Bell, R. M. (1991) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)55274-1 · Cited by 235
The solution structure of the Raf-1 cysteine-rich domain: a novel ras and phospholipid binding site.
Mott, H. R., Carpenter, J. W., Zhong, S., Ghosh, S., Bell, R. M., & Campbell, S. L. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.16.8312 · Cited by 200
Whitehead, I. P., Kirk, H., Tognon, C. E., Trigo‐Gonzalez, G., & Kay, R. J. (1995) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.270.31.18388 · Cited by 191
Protein Kinase C: Seeing two domains
Newton, A. C. (1995) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(95)00191-6 · Cited by 187
Self-citationA novel partner for the GTP‐bound forms of rho and rac
Madaule, P., Furuyashiki, T., Reid, T., Ishizaki, T., Watanabe, G., Morii, N., & Narumiya, S. (1995) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(95)01351-2 · Cited by 168
Non-equivalent Roles for the First and Second Zinc Fingers of Protein Kinase Cδ
Szállási, Z., Bögi, K., Gohari, S., Bı́ró, T., Acs, P. I., & Blumberg, P. M. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.31.18299 · Cited by 134
Self-citationSolution structure of a cysteine rich domain of rat protein kinase C
Hommel, U., Zurini, M. G. M., & Luyten, M. A. (1994) · Nature Structural & Molecular Biology · doi:10.1038/nsb0694-383 · Cited by 133
Mechanism of activation of the vav protooncogene.
Coppola, J., Bryant, S., Koda, T., Conway, D., & Barbacid, M. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 123
Kazanietz, M. G., Bustelo, X. R., Barbacid, M., Kölch, W., Mischak, H., Wong, G., Pettit, G. R., Bruns, J., & Blumberg, P. M. (1994) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)78165-4 · Cited by 119
Self-citationAhmed, S., Kozma, R., Lee, J., Monfries, C. A. L., Harden, N., & Lim, L. (1991) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj2800233 · Cited by 117
Díaz-Meco, M. T., Municio, M. M., Sánchez‐Gómez, P., Lozano, J., & Moscat, J. (1996) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.16.1.105 · Cited by 116
Zhang, D., & Nelson, D. A. (1988) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj2500233 · Cited by 73
The C-terminal part of diacylglycerol kinase α lacking zinc fingers serves as a catalytic domain
Sakane, F., Kai, M., Wada, I., Imai, S.-I., & Kanoh, H. (1996) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj3180583 · Cited by 70
Solution Structure of Cysteine-Rich Domain of Protein Kinase Cα1
Ichikawa, S., Hatanaka, H., Takeuchi, Y., Ohno, S., & Inagaki, F. (1995) · The Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a124745 · Cited by 55
Diacylglycerol kinase and phosphatidic acid phosphatase—enzymes metabolizing lipid second messengers
Kanoh, H., Sakane, F., Imai, S.-I., & Wada, I. (1993) · Cellular Signalling · doi:10.1016/0898-6568(93)90045-n · Cited by 46
Agnel, M., Röder, L., Vola, C., & Griffin‐Shea, R. (1992) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.12.11.5111 · Cited by 43
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The extended protein kinase C superfamily
MELLOR, H., & Parker, P. J. (1998) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj3320281 · Cited by 1,539
Self-citationNewton, A. C. (2001) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr0002801 · Cited by 963
Self-citationRegulation of protein kinase C
Newton, A. C. (1997) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/s0955-0674(97)80058-0 · Cited by 914
Self-citationRegulation of the ABC kinases by phosphorylation: protein kinase C as a paradigm
Newton, A. C. (2003) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj20021626 · Cited by 799
Self-citationEpigenetic Inactivation of RASSF1A in Lung and Breast Cancers and Malignant Phenotype Suppression
Burbee, D. G., Forgacs, E., Zöchbauer‐Müller, S., Shivakumar, L., Fong, K. M., Gao, B., Randle, D. E., Kondo, M., Virmani, A. K., Bader, S., et al. (2001) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/93.9.691 · Cited by 769
Metadata
- Authors
- Hurley, J. H., Newton, A. C., Parker, P. J., Blumberg, P. M., & Nishizuka, Y.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Hurley, James H.
- Venue
- Protein Science
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1997-02
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 477-480
- ISSN
- 0961-8368 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-896X
- PMC
- PMC2143645
- OpenAlex
- W2010994547
- Cited by
- 362
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 7.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Protein Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Structure and Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling
- Keywords
- C1 domain, protein kinase C, phorbol ester binding, zinc-binding domain, protein domain classification
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Protein Kinase C, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
