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Cited by 1Biochemical and Structural CharacterizationAdvanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and ApplicationsBacterial Genetics and Biotechnology

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Analysis of the heterogenous structural states of the hexameric ATPase PilU of the type IV pili from Vibrio cholerae

Open access
Guo, Yirui, Shukla, Shantanu, Minasov, George, Inniss, Nicole L., Klose, Thomas, Tokars, Valerie L., Mondragón, Alfonso, Otwinowski, Zbyszek, Borek, Dominika, Satchell, Karla J. F.·2026·Protein Science
DOI 10.1002/pro.70609PMC PMC13142100

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Abstract

Type IV pili (T4P) mediate surface motility, host interactions, and DNA uptake through cycles of extension and retraction. While the primary retraction ATPase PilT has been extensively characterized, its homolog PilU remains less well understood despite being demonstrated as a PilT‐dependent retraction ATPase. Here, we determined six PilU structures by cryo‐electron microscopy and x‐ray crystallography. The structures reveal a homohexameric assembly stabilized by interactions between the C‐terminal catalytic domain of one subunit and the N‐terminal PAS‐like domain of a neighboring subunit. PilU adopts multiple conformational states, exhibiting different combinations of open and closed interfaces even in the absence of nucleotide. Comparison with PilT highlights structural features that likely underlie PilU's weak ATPase activity and its dependence on PilT for function. Together, these findings provide a structural framework for understanding PilU's role within the T4P retraction machinery.

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Cites

  • Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold

    Jumper, J., Evans, R., Pritzel, A., Green, T., Figurnov, M., Ronneberger, O., Tunyasuvunakool, K., Bates, R., Žídek, A., Potapenko, A., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03819-2 · Cited by 43,764 · cited 4×

    “The AlphaFold models of PilU were calculated using the Google Colab platform AlphaFold2 (https://colab.research. google.com/github/sokrypton/ColabFold/blob/main/beta/ AlphaFold2_advanced.ipynb) (Jumper et al., 2021) with default settings (num_models = 5, ptm option, num_ensemble = 1, max_cycles = 3, num_relax = 0, tol…”
    Influential

  • Accurate structure prediction of biomolecular interactions with AlphaFold 3

    Abramson, J., Adler, J., Dunger, J., Evans, R., Green, T., Pritzel, A., Ronneberger, O., Willmore, L., Ballard, A. J., Bambrick, J., et al. (2024) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07487-w · Cited by 15,861 · cited 2×

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Metadata

Authors
Guo, Y., Shukla, S., Minasov, G., Inniss, N. L., Klose, T., Tokars, V. L., Mondragón, A., Otwinowski, Z., Borek, D., & Satchell, K. J. F.
Affiliations
  • The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
  • Northwestern University (US)
Corresponding author
  • Borek, Dominika
  • Satchell, Karla J. F.
ORCID
Venue
Protein Science
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2026-05-05
Volume
35
Issue
6
Pages
e70609-e70609
ISSN
  • 0961-8368 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-896X
DOI
10.1002/pro.70609
PMC
PMC13142100
OpenAlex
W7160324748
Cited by
1
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 1
FWCI
2.07
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Protein Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (HHSN272201700060C, 75N93022C00035)
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R35 GM118108, R35 GM145365)
  • U.S. Department of Energy (DE‐AC02‐06CH11357)
  • Michigan Economic Development Corporation (085P1000817)
  • Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center (NCI P30CA060553)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Biochemical and Structural Characterization
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Structural Biology › Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
Keywords
pilus, type IV pili, Vibrio cholerae, hexameric ATPase, pilT, conformational heterogeneity, surface motility

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