Evaluation of banana peel extract (Musa sapientum L.) as a natural antimicrobial for livestock farming
Open accessAbstract
Introduction: One of the primary objectives of managing microbial content in livestock farming is to control diseases in the respective animals. Nevertheless, the pervasive development of drug‐resistant bacteria is a consequence of the high levels of antibiotic use that are necessary to achieve this objective. This situation exacerbates animal disease and poses a threat to human health. The purpose of this study was to investigate alternative microbial control methods in livestock farming using banana peel extract. Materials & Methods: The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of peel extracts from unripe and ripe cultivated bananas were examined and compared. Results: The results are notable because they show that the unripe banana peel extracts exhibited significantly better antioxidant activity than the ripe banana peel extracts in 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) tests. Furthermore, the unripe banana peels showed significant antimicrobial activity in vitro against four bacteria that are commonly found in swine and poultry houses, including Staphylococcus epidermidis, Exiguobacterium indicum, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus siamensis, Bacillus altitudinis, Pantoea ananatis, and Bacillus megaterium. This activity was probably due to their high levels of total phenolic content and total flavonoid content. Then, the spray formulation loaded with the concentrated unripe banana peel extract that was five times higher than the minimum bactericidal concentration was developed and tested. Ethanol, sodium benzoate, tween 80, and glycerine were applied as additives in the spray formulation to increase the extract's solubility and stability. It was found that the developed spray formulation effectively inhibited the growth of S. epidermidis. Conclusion: These research outcomes show that the possible application of banana peel extract is an excellent approach because it is an eco‐friendly alternative to control microorganisms undesired microbial growth in farm animals.
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The antibacterial effect of banana peel extract is related to high tannins, saponins and flavonoids content, more prevalent in unripe peels.
“Its antibacterial effect is related to high tannins, saponins and flavonoids content, more prevalent in unripe peels [1 - 3].”
From Formulation development, physical stability, and preliminary safety screening of cosmetic emulsions containing banana peel extract (2026) · cites this paper as [2]
Banana peel extracts are active against a broad spectrum of pathogenic bacteria and fungi, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, including certain skin disease-causing bacteria.
“Recent studies have found that banana peels extracts are active against a broad spectrum of pathogenic bacterias and fungi, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, even certain skin disease causing bacteria.”
From Formulation development, physical stability, and preliminary safety screening of cosmetic emulsions containing banana peel extract (2026) · cites this paper as [2]
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- Authors
- Semangoen, T., Chotigawin, R., Sangnim, T., Chailerd, N., Pahasup‐anan, T., & Huanbutta, K.
- Affiliations
- Burapha University (TH)
- Rangsit University (TH)
- Corresponding author
- Huanbutta, Kampanart
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2024-07-30
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 3
- ISSN
- 2767-035X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4401193473
- Cited by
- 4
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3
- FWCI
- 0.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Agricultural and Biological Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Keywords
- banana peel extract, Musa sapientum, natural antimicrobials, antioxidant activity, antibiotic alternatives, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus, spray formulation, phenolic and flavonoid content, drug-resistant bacteria
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