Appraisal and social support as moderators between stress and physical and psychological quality of life
Abstract
One proposed mechanism of social support is the facilitation of primary and secondary reappraisal of stressful situations. The current study examined the expansion of the original stress-buffering hypothesis to include primary or secondary appraisal in an emerging adult population (N = 854) on physical and psychological health outcomes. The additional moderating effects of gender also were examined. Perceived social support (by the Multidimensional Survey of Perceived Social Support) significantly buffered the effects of stress from negative events (by the Risky Behaviour and Stressful Events Scale) on physical and psychological health (by the World Health Organizations Quality of Life Instrument) for females only. Neither primary nor secondary appraisal (by the Stress Appraisal Measure) acted as additional buffers for male or females. Social support may be a more salient buffer for females. Reappraisal mechanisms may have another role in the buffering pathways. Further implications and limitations were discussed.
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Stress-coping theory posits that availability of coping resources facilitates use of adaptive coping strategies and increases efficacy of coping strategies.
“The stress-coping theory posits that the availability of coping resources would facilitate the use of adaptive coping strategies to deal with stressors and increase the efficacy of coping strategies [21,22].”
From Associations between COVID-19 Work-Related Stressors and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms among Chinese Doctors and Nurses: Application of Stress-Coping Theory (2022) · cites this paper as [21]
Perceived support is a coping resource that may alter cognitive appraisal and increase the possibility of feeling more in control of a stressful situation.
“Perceived support is a coping resource that may alter the cognitive appraisal and increase the possibility of feeling more in control of a stressful situation [21].”
From Associations between COVID-19 Work-Related Stressors and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms among Chinese Doctors and Nurses: Application of Stress-Coping Theory (2022) · cites this paper as [21]
Perceived social support buffered the harm of negative life events on psychological health among youth and adults.
“perceived social support buffered the harm of negative life events on psychological health among youth and adults [21,23].”
From Associations between COVID-19 Work-Related Stressors and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms among Chinese Doctors and Nurses: Application of Stress-Coping Theory (2022) · cites this paper as [21]
Perceived family support may enable one's adaptive capabilities to face challenges and overcome adversity.
“Perceived family support may enable one’s adaptive capabilities to face challenges and overcome adversity [21].”
From Associations between COVID-19 Work-Related Stressors and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms among Chinese Doctors and Nurses: Application of Stress-Coping Theory (2022) · cites this paper as [21]
The results generally support the stress-coping theory that coping resources would facilitate effective coping and moderate the relationship of stressors, coping, and health outcomes.
“Therefore, the results generally support the stress-coping theory that coping resources would facilitate effective coping and moderate the relationship of stressors, coping, and health outcomes [21,22].”
From Associations between COVID-19 Work-Related Stressors and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms among Chinese Doctors and Nurses: Application of Stress-Coping Theory (2022) · cites this paper as [21]
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- Authors
- Szkody, E., & McKinney, C.
- Affiliations
- Mississippi State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Szkody, Erica
- Venue
- Stress and Health
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-06-12
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 586-595
- ISSN
- 1532-2998 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-3005
- OpenAlex
- W3026862436
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 2.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Stress and Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Health and Well-being Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Keywords
- perceived social support, stress buffering, primary appraisal, secondary appraisal, cognitive reappraisal, quality of life, physical health, mental health, emerging adults, gender differences, life events, risk-taking
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Female, Health Status, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk-Taking, Social Environment, Social Support, Stress, Psychological, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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