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Calculations of magnetically induced current densities: theory and applications

Sundholm, Dage, Fliegl, Heike, Berger, Raphael J.F.·2016·WIREs Computational Molecular Science
DOI 10.1002/wcms.1270
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Abstract

A review of computational studies of magnetically induced current density susceptibilities in molecules and their relation to experiments is presented. The history of the investigation of magnetically induced current densities and ring currents in molecules is briefly covered. The theoretical development of relativistic and nonrelativistic computational approaches for computing current densities in closed‐shell and open‐shell molecules is discussed and different state of the art methods to interpret calculated current densities are reviewed. Numerical integration approaches to assess global, semilocal, and local aromatic properties of multiring molecules are presented and demonstrated on free‐base trans‐porphyrin. We show that numerical integration of the current density combined with guiding visualization techniques of the current flow is a powerful tool for studies of the aromatic character of complicated molecular structures such as annelated aromatic and antiaromatic rings. Representative applications are reported illustrating the importance of careful current density studies for organic and inorganic chemistry. The applications include calculations of current densities and current strengths for aromatic, antiaromatic, and nonaromatic molecules of different kind. Current densities in spherical, cylindrical, tetrahedral, toroidal, and Möbius‐twisted molecules are discussed. The aromatic character, current pathways, and current strengths of porphyrins are briefly highlighted. Aromatic properties of inorganic molecules are assessed based on current density calculations. Current strengths as a noninvasive tool to determine strengths of hydrogen bonds are discussed. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2016, 6:639–678. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1270 This article is categorized under: Structure and Mechanism > Molecular Structures Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure Methods Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory

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Metadata

Authors
Sundholm, D., Fliegl, H., & Berger, R. J. F.
Venue
WIREs Computational Molecular Science
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2016-06-13
Volume
6
Issue
6
Pages
639-678
ISSN
  • 1759-0876 (ISSN-L)
  • 1759-0884
DOI
10.1002/wcms.1270
OpenAlex
W2438334672
Cited by
373
References
207
FWCI
12.18
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Funders
  • Suomen Akatemia (266227, 275845)
  • Svenska Kulturfonden
  • Norges Forskningsråd (179568/V30, 231571/F20)

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