The DOI matches its Crossref record; 123 of the 126 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Uses and abuses of recovery: implementing recovery-oriented practices in mental health systems
Open accessAbstract
An understanding of recovery as a personal and subjective experience has emerged within mental health systems. This meaning of recovery now underpins mental health policy in many countries. Developing a focus on this type of recovery will involve transformation within mental health systems. Human systems do not easily transform. In this paper, we identify seven mis-uses ("abuses") of the concept of recovery: recovery is the latest model; recovery does not apply to "my" patients; services can make people recover through effective treatment; compulsory detention and treatment aid recovery; a recovery orientation means closing services; recovery is about making people independent and normal; and contributing to society happens only after the person is recovered. We then identify ten empirically-validated interventions which support recovery, by targeting key recovery processes of connectedness, hope, identity, meaning and empowerment (the CHIME framework). The ten interventions are peer support workers, advance directives, wellness recovery action planning, illness management and recovery, REFOCUS, strengths model, recovery colleges or recovery education programs, individual placement and support, supported housing, and mental health trialogues. Finally, three scientific challenges are identified: broadening cultural understandings of recovery, implementing organizational transformation, and promoting citizenship.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“There has, however, been criticism about personal recovery being defined in individualistic terms (16) that neglect collectivist values that are more present in some cultural groups (17–20).”
From Recovery from Severe Mental Health Problems: A Systematic Review of Service User and Informal Caregiver Perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as [17]
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, collaboration with peer support workers could enhance the ongoing support available to sustain changes beyond the groups themselves so as to support experiences of inclusion and citizenship, presently the least well-developed among recovery oriented practices (4).”
From Implementing an action over inertia group program in community residential rehabilitation services: group participant and facilitator perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“Imagining change as possible aligns with both instilling hope and the recovery process (4, 9, 42).”
From Implementing an action over inertia group program in community residential rehabilitation services: group participant and facilitator perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as [4]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Lippa, N. C., & Sanderson, S. C. (2013) · Human Heredity · doi:10.1159/000353712 · Cited by 6,095
Recovery from mental illness: the guiding vision of the mental health service system in the 1990s
Anthony, W. A. (1993) · Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal · doi:10.1037/h0095655 · Cited by 3,700
The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
Winzer, M. A., & Mazurek, K. (2017) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118768778.ch1 · Cited by 3,085
Leamy, M., Bird, V., Boutillier, C. L., Williams, J., & Slade, M. (2011) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.110.083733 · Cited by 3,038
Self-citationConvention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
Myhill, W. N. (2014) · Encyclopedia of Human Services and Diversity · doi:10.4135/9781483346663.n124 · Cited by 2,158
Livingston, J. D., & Boyd, J. E. (2010) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.09.030 · Cited by 1,677
Thornicroft, G., Brohan, E., Rose, D. S., Sartorius, N., & Leese, M. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61817-6 · Cited by 1,189
A review of the literature on peer support in mental health services
Repper, J., & Carter, T. (2011) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.3109/09638237.2011.583947 · Cited by 1,103
Disabling Barriers-Enabling Environments
Shakespeare, T. (1994) · Disability & Society · doi:10.1080/09687599466780121 · Cited by 976
Peer support among persons with severe mental illnesses: a review of evidence and experience
DAVIDSON, L., BELLAMY, C., GUY, K., & MILLER, R. (2012) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.wpsyc.2012.05.009 · Cited by 913 · cited 2×
“A substantial and positive evidence base now exists for peer support services (47), identifying the experience and benefits of being a peer support worker (49-51), changes in workplace structure made to sustain the delivery of peer support services (52-54), and description of changes initiated by peer support workers…”
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 126 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 24
- Department of Health and Ageing, 2009, Fourth national mental health plan: an agenda for collaborative government action in mental health 2009-2014
- Department of Health Social Services and Public Safety (Northern Ireland), 2010, Service framework for mental health and wellbeing
- New Freedom Commission on Mental Health, 2003, Achieving the promise: transforming mental health care in America. Final report
- Her Majesty's Government. No health without mental health, 2011, Delivering better mental health outcomes for people of all ages
- Mental Health “Recovery” Study Working Group, 2009, Mental health “recovery”: users and refusers
- Richard, 2009, Integration of peer support workers into community mental health teams, Int J Psychosoc Rehabil, 14, 99
- Slade, 2009, Personal recovery and mental illness: a guide for mental health professionals, 10.1017/CBO9780511581649 · DOI · Paper page
- Mental Health Advocacy Coalition, 2008, Destination: recovery: Te ūnga ki uta: te oranga
- Health and Social Care Information Centre, 2012, Inpatients formally detained in hospitals under the Mental Health Act 1983, and patients subject to supervised community treatment, Annual figures
- Helsedirektoratet, 2006, Tiltaksplan for redusert og kvalitetssikret bruk av tvang i psykisk helsevern [National action plan for reducing use of coercion in mental health care]
- Davies, 2012, Mental health recovery heroes past and present. A handbook for mental health care staff, service users and carers
- Disability Rights Commission, 2007, Independent living and the Commission for Equality and Human Rights
- Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, 2004, Mental health and social exclusion. Social Exclusion Unit report. June 2004
- Australian Government, 2011, People living with psychotic illness 2010
- Thornicroft, 2005, Shunned: discrimination against people with mental illness
- Repper, 2013, ImROC briefing paper 7. Peer support workers: a practical guide to implementation
- Bird, 2011, REFOCUS: promoting recovery in community mental health services
- Hamilton, 2012, Gaining strength: consumers' experiences of case management with the strengths model
- Perkins, 2012, ImROC 1. Recovery Colleges
- Boyle, 2009, The challenge of co-production
- Grove, 2009, Doing what works - Individual Placement and Support into Employment
- Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health, 2009, Commissioning what works: the economic and financial case for supported employment
- MacGabhann, 2012, Mental Health Trialogue Network Ireland: transforming dialogue in mental health communities
- Shepherd, 2010, Implementing recovery. A methodology for organisation change
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–800 of 947
‘Learning to re-create your life’: an evaluation of a residential mental health recovery program
Dorozenko, K. P., Martin, R., Gillieatt, S. J., & Milbourn, B. T. (2019) · Advances in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/18387357.2019.1565917 · Cited by 1
Community mental health nursing
Brown, R. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316711873.016 · Cited by 1
Canas, E. (2019) · Scholarship@Western (Western University) · Cited by 1
van Staden, W., Fulford, K. W. M., & Wong, M. (2020) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20690 · Cited by 1
Community and primary health care
Guzys, D. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316711873.002 · Cited by 1
Social Work Education; the international journal - student essay competition*
West, J. (2021) · Social Work Education · doi:10.1080/02615479.2021.1926446 · Cited by 1
Measuring recovery in Arabic countries: Translation of the self-efficacy for personal recovery scale
Ibrahim, N., Newby, C., Thomas, N., & Slade, M. (2021) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00207640211028604 · Cited by 1
“Seikatsu Rinsho” – a values-based approach to supporting recovery in Japan
Iseda, T., Ogawa, K., Hasegawa, K., Yamasaki, S., Nishida, A., & Shepherd, G. (2021) · Mental Health and Social Inclusion · doi:10.1108/mhsi-04-2021-0016 · Cited by 1
Suporte de pares em Saúde Mental: Grupo de Ouvidores de Vozes
Rufato, L. S., Corradi-Webster, C. M., Sade, R. M. S., Reis, G. D. C., Bien, C., & Costa, M. N. (2021) · Cadernos Brasileiros de Saúde Mental/Brazilian Journal of Mental Health · Cited by 1
Developing a career in primary health care
Calma, K. R. B., Williams, A., McInnes, S., & Halcomb, E. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868396.010 · Cited by 1
Empowering individuals, groups and communities
Guzys, D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868396.004 · Cited by 1
Jouet, E. (2021) · Pédagogie médicale · doi:10.1051/pmed/2021021 · Cited by 1
Fountoulakis, K. Ν. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-86541-2_26 · Cited by 1
Butler-Henderson, K. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868396.015 · Cited by 1
Fernandez, A. (2022) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103170 · Cited by 1
Fujisawa, N. (2022) · Asian Journal of Human Services · doi:10.14391/ajhs.23.74 · Cited by 1
Wong, D. F. K., Cheung, Y. C. H., Zhuang, X., Petrus Yat-nam, N. G., Oades, L. G., & Ye, S. S. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05135-7 · Cited by 1
Zucker, S. L. (2014) · Smith ScholarWorks (Smith College) · Cited by 1
The Development and Validation of the Social Recovery Measure
Marino, C. “. (2000) · doi:10.15760/etd.2921 · Cited by 1
Contemporary occupational therapy: Disruption or transformation?a
Machingura, T., & Lloyd, C. (2016) · International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation · doi:10.12968/ijtr.2017.24.1.5 · Cited by 1
Reclaiming Narrative Identity and Recovery in Psychiatry
Metselaar, S., Voskes, Y., Meynen, G., & Widdershoven, G. A. M. (2017) · AJOB Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/21507740.2017.1371811 · Cited by 1
Fils-Aimé, J. R. (2017) · Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) · Cited by 1
Ford, H. L. (2020) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) · Cited by 1
A Realist Evaluation of a Recovery-Oriented Inpatient Service
Pritchard, A. (2021) · Cronfa (Swansea University) · doi:10.23889/suthesis.57769 · Cited by 1
Kotera, Y., Antens, M., Mulder, C. L., Castelein, S., Miyamoto, Y., Rietveld, R., Kapka, A., Ronaldson, A., Takhi, S. K., Jebara, T., et al. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.08.13.25333552 · Cited by 1
Recovery through rights and relationships
Bradstreet, S. (2015) · British Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjmh.2015.4.4.154
Community-based mental health and recovery in the Asia-Pacific
Ng, C. H., Ryan, B., & Goding, M. (2014)
The Recovery Learning Community (RLC) Outcomes Study: Perspectives of RLC Participants
Delman, J., Albert, K., & Simon, L. J. (2015)
Advancing Recovery in Adult Mental health Inpatient Services in Ireland
Synnott, J. (2015) · Figshare · doi:10.25419/rcsi.10813289
Change and Systems Transformation
Sant, S. V., Barber, J. W., & Singh, N. N. (2016) · Evidence-based practices in behavioral health · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-40537-7_18
Global Perspectives of Recovery and Mental Health
Arbour, S. (2017) · Journal of Recovery in Mental Health
Vorausverfügungen bei psychischen Störungen noch immer nicht etabliert?
Borbé, R. (2016) · NeuroTransmitter · doi:10.1007/s15016-016-5548-x
Reabilitação de doentes psiquiátricos
Gomes, A. M. A. P. (2014) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) · doi:10.34626/3aze-f812
Indigenous health and well-being: wise and responsive practice in primary health care
Mlcek, S. H., Taylor, K. A., & Meredith, M. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316711873.006
Delman, J., Albert, K., & Simon, L. J. (2015) · Psychiatry Information in Brief · doi:10.7191/pib.1096
Transforming mental health services so people can ‘live, love and do’ in Barnet
Tomlinson, C., & Brownlee, H. (2017) · Mental Health Practice · doi:10.7748/mhp.2017.e1226
Khazaal, Y. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-75915-4.00015-3
Patient Characteristics and Outcome Measurement in a Forensically Informed Predischarge Unit
Sales, C. P., Matumbike, I., & Khalifa, N. R. (2018)
Tapping into Recovery: Exploring Experiences of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT)
Kalla, M. (2018) · Figshare · doi:10.4225/03/5a8ba3a0d049c
‘We’re encouraging people to become involved in their own rescue’
Tirupati, S., & Kumar, S. (2019) · Australasian Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1039856218822755
Cossie, Q. Z. (2015) · Open University of Cape Town (University of Cape Town)
Harrison, M. (2019) · Queen Margaret University Publications Repository (Queen Margaret University)
Taylor, E. K. (2018) · Research Online (University of Wollongong)
Eldal, K., Natvik, E., Veseth, M., Davidson, L., & Moltu, C. (2019) · Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s40737-019-00143-x
Campbell, J. F. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108750349.044
Home visiting, risk assessment and safety
Guzys, D. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316711873.014
Psychiatric Discourse: Scientific Reductionism for the Autonomous Person
Heckers, S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108750349.043
Guzys, D. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316711873.020
Promotion of Recovery Through Socio-economic Inclusion for People Living with Severe Mental Illness
Ndetei, D. M., Musyimi, C. W., Mutiso, V., Ruhara, R. W., Boycheva, E., & Gitonga, I. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-70134-9_80-1
A lifespan and settings-based approach to mental health promotion
Whitehead, D. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316711873.005
Calabria, V. (2019) · Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository)
Recovery Camp: Recreation and Recovery - an Essential Pairing
Alford, S. T. (2020) · Research Online (University of Wollongong)
Health-related program planning and evaluation
Whitehead, D. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009464680.016
Vectors of Best Practice: An Introduction to Part III, Practice
Fulford, B. K. W. M. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-47852-0_15
Recovery and Cultural Values: On Our Own Terms (A Dialogue)
Keen, J., & Shaw, R. J. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-47852-0_23
Improving Access to Psychological Services in Remote Australia with a Patient-Led Clinic
Funnell, S., Carey, T. A., Tai, S., & Lampshire, D. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5012-1_38-1
Iyer, S. N., Pope, M. A., Taksal, A., Mohan, G., Rangaswamy, T., Loohuis, H., Shah, J. L., Joober, R., Schmitz, N., Ramachandran, P., et al. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-388384/v1
Strand, M. (2021) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives
Herstelgericht ondersteunen van het dagelijks functioneren
Wunderink, C., & van der Meer, E. M. (2021) · Bohn Stafleu van Loghum eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-368-2586-3_18
Gale, T. M., Woodward, J., Meredith-Windle, G., Balakumar, T., Littlechild, B., & Hawley, C. J. (2021) · NIHR Open Research · doi:10.3310/nihropenres.13220.1 · Cited by 2
Guzys, D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868396.026
Brown, R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868396.025
Maternal, child and family health nursing
Hooker, L. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868396.022
School and youth health nursing
Guzys, D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868396.023
Hammervold, U. E. (2021) · University of Stavanger eBooks · doi:10.31265/usps.93
Khalil, R., Naeem, Z., Jameel, N., & Talib, U. (2021) · Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal · doi:10.51253/pafmj.v71i5.3139
Prasetyo, F. A. (2021) · Jurnal Kesejahteraan dan Pelayanan Sosial · doi:10.52423/jkps.v2i2.20735
Social Inclusion Program on Occupational Functioning for Forensic Service Users
Fitzgerald, M. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-48277-0_98-1
Fossey, E. M., Harvey, C. A., Ennals, P., Wiggins, A., & Farhall, J. (2022) · Psychosis · doi:10.1080/17522439.2021.2023615
Halcomb, E. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868396.017
Health-related program planning and evaluation
Whitehead, D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868396.014
Community and primary health care roles
(2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868396.019
Brown, R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868396.028
(2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868396.011
Brown, R., & Bouchoucha, S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868396.008
Community mental health nursing
Brown, R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868396.021
McInnes, S., Peters, K., & Halcomb, E. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868396.009
(2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868396.001
Guzys, D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868396.024
Home visiting, risk assessment and safety
Guzys, D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868396.018
Blake, B., & Eagar, S. C. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868396.027
(2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868396.002
Gale, T. M., Woodward, J., Meredith-Windle, G., et al. (2021) · Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) · doi:10.3310/nihropenres.14336.r28429
Gale, T. M., Woodward, J., Meredith-Windle, G., et al. (2022) · ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) · doi:10.3310/nihropenres.14379.r28487
Gale, T. M., Woodward, J., Meredith-Windle, G., et al. (2021) · NIHR Open Research · doi:10.3310/nihropenres.14336.r28449
Gale, T. M., Woodward, J., Meredith-Windle, G., et al. (2022) · NIHR Open Research · doi:10.3310/nihropenres.14379.r28485
Discovering Myself, a Journey of Rediscovery
Roeg, W. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-47852-0_32
Bährer‐Kohler, S., & Carod-Artal, F. J. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59123-0_20
Indigenous health and well-being: wise and responsive practice in primary health care
Mlcek, S. H., & Taylor, K. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868396.007
A lifespan and settings-based approach to mental health promotion
Whitehead, D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868396.006
(2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108868396.033
Geerling, B., Kelders, S. M., Stevens, A. W. M. M., Kupka, R., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2022) · doi:10.2196/preprints.39476
What ‘evidence' do people really want and need for their recovery?
Glover, H., & Tran, P. (2022) · RIVISTA SPERIMENTALE DI FRENIATRIA · doi:10.3280/rsf2022-001008
Metadata
- Authors
- Slade, M., Amering, M., Farkas, M., Hamilton, B., O'Hagan, M., Panther, G., Perkins, R., Shepherd, G., Tse, S., & Whitley, R.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- University of Vienna (AT)
- Boston University (US)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Education House; Wellington New Zealand
- Redpanther Research; Auckland New Zealand
- Centre for Mental Health (GB)
- University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute (CA)
- ORCID
- Venue
- World Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-02
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 12-20
- ISSN
- 1723-8617 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3918008
- OpenAlex
- W2117775582
- Cited by
- 949
- References
- 126
- Citations by year
- 2026: 71 · 2025: 83 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 81 · 2022: 78 · 2021: 114 · 2020: 121 · 2019: 76 · 2018: 79 · 2017: 71 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 23
- FWCI
- 107.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- World Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (RP-PG-0707-10040, 10040)
- King's College London
- Programme Grants for Applied Research (RP-PG-0707-10040)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mental Health and Patient Involvement
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- recovery-oriented care, mental health system, CHIME framework, peer support, advance directives, Illness Management and Recovery, strengths model, recovery colleges, Individual Placement and Support, supported housing, organizational change, citizenship, compulsory detention, mental health policy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
