The DOI matches its Crossref record; 65 of the 65 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 19 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Open accessAbstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components are highly predictive of cardiovascular diseases. The primary aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to assess the prevalence of MetS and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder, comparing subjects with different disorders and taking into account demographic variables and psychotropic medication use. The secondary aim was to compare the MetS prevalence in persons with any of the selected disorders versus matched general population controls. The pooled MetS prevalence in people with severe mental illness was 32.6% (95% CI: 30.8%‐34.4%; N = 198; n = 52,678). Relative risk meta‐analyses established that there was no significant difference in MetS prevalence in studies directly comparing schizophrenia versus bipolar disorder, and in those directly comparing bipolar disorder versus major depressive disorder. Only two studies directly compared people with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, precluding meta‐analytic calculations. Older age and a higher body mass index were significant moderators in the final demographic regression model (z = −3.6, p = 0.0003, r 2 = 0.19). People treated with all individual antipsychotic medications had a significantly (p<0.001) higher MetS risk compared to antipsychotic‐naïve participants. MetS risk was significantly higher with clozapine and olanzapine (except vs. clozapine) than other antipsychotics, and significantly lower with aripiprazole than other antipsychotics (except vs. amisulpride). Compared with matched general population controls, people with severe mental illness had a significantly increased risk for MetS (RR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.35‐1.86; p<0.001) and all its components, except for hypertension (p = 0.07). These data suggest that the risk for MetS is similarly elevated in the diagnostic subgroups of severe mental illness. Routine screening and multidisciplinary management of medical and behavioral conditions is needed in these patients. Risks of individual antipsychotics should be considered when making treatment choices.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This systematic review and meta-analysis found that metabolic syndrome (MetS) affects about one third of people with severe mental illness and is elevated versus matched general population controls. Risk was similar across schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder, but differed by age, body mass index, and individual antipsychotic medication.
Key findings
- Pooled MetS prevalence in people with severe mental illness was 32.6% (95% CI: 30.8%–34.4%; N=198; n=52,678), and compared with matched general population controls the relative risk was 1.58 (95% CI: 1.35–1.86; p<0.001).
- MetS prevalence did not differ significantly in direct comparisons of schizophrenia versus bipolar disorder (RR=0.92, 95% CI: 0.79–1.06; p=0.24) or bipolar disorder versus major depressive disorder (RR=0.87, 95% CI: 0.48–1.55; p=0.64); only two studies directly compared schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, precluding meta-analysis.
- Older age and higher body mass index were significant moderators in the final demographic regression model (z=23.6, p=0.0003, r²=0.19).
- Among antipsychotics, MetS prevalence was lowest for aripiprazole (19.4%, 95% CI: 8.0%–34.2%) and highest for clozapine (47.2%, 95% CI: 42.0%–52.6%); antipsychotic-naïve participants had 10.2% (95% CI: 6.8%–14.3%). Compared with controls, risk was increased for all MetS components except hypertension, which showed a statistical trend (RR=1.12, 95% CI: 0.99–1.28; p=0.07).
Methods
- Systematic review and meta-analysis conducted according to MOOSE and PRISMA, searching MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, EMBASE, and CINAHL from database inception to January 1, 2015.
- Included observational studies in adults with DSM-IV/ICD-10 diagnoses of schizophrenia or related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder, and MetS defined by non-modified ATP-III, ATP-III-A, IDF, or WHO criteria; 198 studies with 52,678 unique persons with severe mental illness were included.
- Pooled prevalence used the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects proportion method; relative risks were calculated for MetS and its components within and across diagnostic subgroups and versus matched general population controls, with meta-regression for moderators.
Limitations
- The paper states considerable methodological heterogeneity across studies; cross-sectional data meant directionality of medication–metabolic associations could not be deduced with certainty; clinical subtypes and concomitant or previous antidepressant/mood stabilizer use were often insufficiently reported or controlled; publication bias and heterogeneity were encountered, though main findings were robust after trim-and-fill adjustment; and inadequate data on ethnicity and lifestyle behaviors precluded meta-analytic assessment of these factors.
- Evident from the text: there were no data in first-episode bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder patients, precluding comparison with multi-episode patients, and only two studies directly compared schizophrenia and major depressive disorder.
- Evident from the text: illness duration was a significant predictor in separate meta-regression but not in the final model, which the authors note may be due to limited data available for illness duration compared with age.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
0 of 19 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“MetS risk was significantly higher with clozapine and olanzapine (except vs. clozapine) than other antipsychotics, and”
- Also stated in: § Medication use · plain
“Those treated with olanzapine had significantly higher MetS prevalence than those treated with amisulpride (p<0.05),aripiprazole (p<0.001),risperidone (p<0.01) and typical antipsychotic medications (p<0.05).”
§ Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § Medication use · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“hyperglycaemia (N 5 20; RR 5 1.51, 95% CI: 1.24-1.84,p<0.001;Q 5 94.4,p<0.001)”
§ Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis > Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in persons with various disorders compared with general population controls
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Compared with matched general population controls, people with severe mental illness had a significantly increased risk for MetS (RR 5 1.58; 95% CI: 1.35-1.86;p<0.001) and all its components, except for hypertension (p 5 0.07).”
- Also stated in: § Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in persons with various disorders compared with general population controls · plain
“In a pooled relative risk metaanalysis, persons with SMIs (n 5 6,610; 29.2%, 95% CI: 25.9%-32.6%;Q 5 230, p<0.001), compared with general population controls (n 5 101,223; 18.1%, 95% CI: 15.8%-20.5%,Q 5 230, p<0.001), had significantly increased risk of MetS (RR 5 1.58, 95% CI: 1.35-1.86,p<0.001;Q 5 62, p 5 0.003).”
§ Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in persons with various disorders compared with general population controls · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“low HDL cholesterol (N 5 19; RR 5 1.33, 95% CI: 1.15-1.54,p<0.001;Q 5 114.7, p<0.001)”
§ Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis > Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in persons with various disorders compared with general population controls
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“People with severe mental illness had significantly increased risk for abdominal obesity (N 5 18; RR 5 1.43, 95% CI: 1.23-1.66,p<0.001;Q 5 198.8, p<0.001)”
§ Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis > Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in persons with various disorders compared with general population controls
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Relative risk meta-analyses established that there was no significant difference in MetS prevalence in studies directly comparing schizophrenia versus bipolar disorder, and in those directly comparing bipolar disorder versus major depressive disorder.”
- Also stated in: § Diagnostic subgroups · boosted
“Relative risk meta-analyses established that there was no significant difference in MetS in studies directly comparing schizophrenia (39.2%, 95% CI: 30.5%-48.3%;n 5 2,338) versus bipolar disorder (35.5%, 95% CI: 27.0-44.3%;n 5 2,077) (N 5 10, RR 5 0.92, 95% CI: 0.79%-1.06%;v 2 5 1.33, p 5 0.24; Q 5 21.3, p<0.011).”
§ Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § Diagnostic subgroups · boosted
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“People treated with all individual antipsychotic medications had a significantly (p<0.001) higher MetS risk compared to antipsychotic-na€ ıve participants.”
- Also stated in: § Medication use · plain
“Patients treated with all individual antipsychotic medications had significantly (p<0.001) higher MetS risk compared to antipsychotic-na€ ıve participants.”
§ Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § Medication use · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“hypertriglyceridemia (N 5 19; RR 5 1.49, 95% CI: 1.28-1.73,p<0.001;Q 5 91.2, p< 0.001)”
§ Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis > Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in persons with various disorders compared with general population controls
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Older age and a higher body mass index were significant moderators in the final demographic regression model (z 5 23.6, p 5 0.0003, r 2 5 0.19).”
- Also stated in: § Demographic variables · plain
“Overall, the final model was a significant predictor of the variance in MetS (z 5 23.6, p 5 0.0003; r 2 5 0.19).”
§ Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § Demographic variables · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“with a statistical trend for hypertension (N 5 12; RR 5 1.12, 95% CI: 0.99-1.28,p 5 0.07; Q 5 127.1, p<0.001).”
§ Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis > Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in persons with various disorders compared with general population controls
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
- It may state two separate claims as one. 13
- The quote only partly states this claim. 2
- Probably not a substantial claim. 13
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Only two studies directly compared people with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, precluding meta-analytic calculations.”
- Also stated in: § Diagnostic subgroups · plain
“Only two studies directly compared MetS in people with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, precluding meta-analytic calculations.”
§ Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Diagnostic subgroups · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The trim-andfill method demonstrated that adjusting for publication bias had little effect on the pooled MetS estimate, which was virtually identical (32.5%, 95% CI: 30.8%-34.2%,Q 5 2991, p<0.01, n 5 52,678).”
§ Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis > Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were no data in first-episode bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder patients, precluding a comparison with multi-episode patients.”
§ Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis > Diagnostic subgroups
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“South-America | 10 | 25.8% (95% CI: 20.7%-31.3%)”
§ Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis > DISCUSSION
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This finding may, however, be somewhat affected by different MetS criteria, with IDF criteria, which are often used in Australian studies, being associated with the highest MetS prevalences.”
§ Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis > DISCUSSION
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Australia and New Zealand* | 6 | 50.2% (95% CI: 35.3%-65.0%)”
§ Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis > DISCUSSION
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
In the paper
“This mortality gap translates into a 10-20 year shortened life expectancy (3,4) and appears to be widening (5).”
§ Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [5] source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“People with severe mental illness (SMI), including schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder (MDD), experience a twothree times higher mortality rate than the general population (1,2).”
§ Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“This mortality gap translates into a 10-20 year shortened life expectancy (3,4) and appears to be widening (5).”
§ Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Methodological appraisal was performed according to PRISMA standards (28), including evaluation of bias (confounding, overlapping data, publication bias).”
§ Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis > Search criteria, study selection and critical appraisal
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [28] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A brief meta-analytic report comparing MetS frequencies in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder found that these populations are at similar risk (25).”
§ Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [25] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In order to increase homogeneity of compared samples and eliminate smaller studies with less precise point estimates, we also conducted sensitivity analyses, restricting the sample to large, population-based studies.”
§ Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis > Statistical analyses
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Two independent authors (DV, BS) searched MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, EMBASE and CINAHL from database inception to January 1, 2015.”
§ Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis > Search criteria, study selection and critical appraisal
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines (27) and in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standard (28).”
§ Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis > Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In the general population, these clustered risk factors have been associated with the development of CVD and excess mortality (13)(14)(15).”
§ Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites (13)(14)(15)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Publication bias was tested using the Egger's regression method (29) and Begg-Mazumdar test (30), with a p value <0.05 suggesting the presence of bias.”
§ Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis > Search criteria, study selection and critical appraisal
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The trimand-fill approach (32) was used to adjust the overall estimate for funnel plot asymmetry.”
§ Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis > Statistical analyses
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [32]
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Factors predisposing people with SMI to CVD include antipsychotic medication and unhealthy lifestyles (7) as well as their reduced likelihood to receive standard levels of medical care (8)(9)(10)(11)(12).”
§ Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [7] source
- Not checked yetcites (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“However, these findings should be interpreted with caution, since comparisons were performed at study level and not limited to studies directly comparing the two populations, and patient samples were not matched for age and illness duration (26).”
§ Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [26] source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Fourth, a threat to the validity of any meta-analysis is publication bias and heterogeneity, which we encountered in several of our analyses.”
§ Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis > DISCUSSION
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis of MetS and its components including and comparing data from the main SMIs: schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder.”
§ Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis > DISCUSSION
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“antipsychotics with lower cardiometabolic risk profiles in short-term studies are often prescribed for higher risk patients in clinical care, which may lead to a not reduced or even increased cardiometabolic risk in naturalistic settings (42).”
§ Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [42] source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, although the main findings were heterogeneous, they were also highly robust and not influenced by publica-tion bias, being virtually unaltered after applying the trimand-fill method.”
§ Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis > DISCUSSION
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Since age is a relevant risk factor for MetS in the general population too, the relative MetS risk *Two-sided p<0.05, two-sided p<0.01, ***two-sided p<0.001”
§ Risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis > DISCUSSION
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“chronic conditions such as coronary artery disease, fibromyalgia, rheumatoid arthritis, and mood disorders such as Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) have also been associated with abnormally high CORT levels and metabolic disruptions ( 5-13 ).”
From Dynamic modulation of glucose utilisation by glucocorticoid rhythms in health and disease (2020) · cites this paper as [13]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“many of these conditions are accompanied by a disruption of normal glucose metabolism while preserving some degree of CORT rhythmicity.”
From Dynamic modulation of glucose utilisation by glucocorticoid rhythms in health and disease (2020) · cites this paper as [13]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“People with severe mental illness (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder) have higher levels of somatic comorbidities and premature mortality than the general population 1-3 .”
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“in hypercortisolism, it is not only that CORT levels are higher than normal, but in some cases, they also display abnormal rhythmicity. This varies depending on whether the underlying condition is associated with Cushing's syndrome, depression, PTSD, acute inflammation following major surgery, or chronic inflammatory diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis) ( 2, 5-13, 57-60 ).”
From Dynamic modulation of glucose utilisation by glucocorticoid rhythms in health and disease (2020) · cites this paper as [13]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“There is evidence for the use of pyridostigmine 96 , non-steroidal anti-inflammatories 97 , caffeine 98 and erythropoietin 99 as adjunctive agents in patients who remain symptomatic with the above regime.”
From The Lancet Psychiatry Commission: a blueprint for protecting physical health in people with mental illness (2019) · cites this paper as [97]
In the citing paper
“The current meta-analysis adds to the evidence that a first-episode diagnosis is a unique predictor of lower T2DM prevalence independent of mean age, a finding that was also apparent in a recent analysis of metabolic syndrome prevalences across patients with the same three main SMIs 33 .”
From Diabetes mellitus in people with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a systematic review and large scale meta‐analysis (2016) · cites this paper as [33]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Multi-episode schizophrenia has more studies than schizophrenia overall
MinorThe paper reports 93 studies of schizophrenia overall but 105 studies of multi-episode schizophrenia, although the latter is a subgroup of the former. Both figures are also assigned the same participant total of 29,596.
“The pooled MetS prevalence was 33.4% (95% CI: 30.8%-36.0%,Q 5 1955.0,p<0.001) in people with schizophrenia (N 5 93, n 5 29,596)”
“multi-episode schizophrenia (34.2%, 95% CI: 30.8%-36.0%,Q 5 1,955, p<0.001;N 5 105, n 5 29,596)”
Citations
Cites
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & for the PRISMA Group (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2535 · Cited by 83,823
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & The PRISMA Group (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097 · Cited by 64,042
Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 · Cited by 56,722
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & the PRISMA Group* (2009) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135 · Cited by 37,554
Toprak, Ö., Kurt, H., Sarı, Y., Şarkış, C., Us, H., & Kırık, A. (2017) · Kidney & Blood Pressure Research · doi:10.1159/000468530 · Cited by 29,772
Grundy, S. M., Bilheimer, D. W., Chait, A., Clark, L. T., Denke, M. A., Havel, R. J., Hazzard, W. R., Hulley, S. B., Hunninghake, D. B., Kreisberg, R. A., et al. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.269.23.3015 · Cited by 27,944
Expert Panel on Detection, E. (2001) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.285.19.2486 · Cited by 26,011
Dermyshi, E., Wang, Y., Yan, C., Hong, W., Qiu, G., Gong, X., & Zhang, T. (2017) · Neonatology · doi:10.1159/000454668 · Cited by 24,586
Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology<SUBTITLE>A Proposal for Reporting</SUBTITLE>
Stroup, D. F. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.283.15.2008 · Cited by 20,623
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- World Health Organization, 1999, Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus
- Duvall S, 2000, A non‐parametric ‘trim and fill’ method for assessing publication bias in meta‐analysis, J Am Stat Assoc, 95, 89
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–800 of 1,000
Tomasik, J., Rustogi, N., Larsen, J. R., Jakobsen, M. I., Svensson, C. K., Vedtofte, L., Jakobsen, M. S. L., Jespersen, H. S. R., Koyuncu, K., Schjerning, O., et al. (2020) · Schizophrenia Bulletin Open · doi:10.1093/schizbullopen/sgaa044 · Cited by 6
Self-citationWinterton, A., Bettella, F., de Lange, A. G., Haram, M., Steen, N. E., Westlye, L. T., Andreassen, O. A., & Quintana, D. S. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01725-9 · Cited by 6
Ward, K. M., Burghardt, K. J., Kraal, A. Z., Jaeger, A. P., Yeomans, L., McHugh, C. E., Karnovsky, A., Stringer, K. A., & Ellingrod, V. L. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.623143 · Cited by 6
Rethinking olanzapine therapy for schizophrenia
Ren, J., & Zhang, C. (2021) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102741 · Cited by 6
Risk factors for metabolic and cardiovascular disease in inpatients with severe mental illness
Lavagnino, L., Gurguis, C. I., & Lane, S. D. (2021) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114148 · Cited by 7
Oliveira, J., Paixão, V., Cardoso, G., Xavier, M., Caldas‐de‐Almeida, J. M., & Oliveira-Maia, A. J. (2021) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100329 · Cited by 6
Weight-gain independent effect of mirtazapine on fasting plasma lipids in healthy men
Lechner, K., Heel, S., Uhr, M., Dose, T., Holsboer, F., Lucae, S., Schaaf, L., Fulda, S., Kloiber, S. M., & Hennings, J. M. (2023) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-023-02448-y · Cited by 6
Werneck, A. O., Schuch, F. B., Fernandes, R. A., Stubbs, B., Szwarcwald, C. L., & da Silva, D. R. P. (2021) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2021.100390 · Cited by 7
Self-citationBrietzke, E. M., Trevizol, A. P., Fries, G. R., Subramaniapillai, M., Kapczinski, F. P., McIntyre, R. S., & Mansur, R. B. (2018) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.04.012 · Cited by 6
Fanelli, G., Franke, B., Witte, W. D., Ruisch, I. H., Haavik, J., van Gils, V., Jansen, W. J., Vos, S. J. B., Lind, L., Buitelaar, J. K., et al. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.05.28.21258000 · Cited by 6
Jentz, C., Kennedy, H. G., Sandbæk, A., Andersen, A., Terkildsen, M. D., & Sørensen, L. U. (2025) · Discover Health Systems · doi:10.1007/s44250-025-00175-0 · Cited by 5
Correll, C. U., Cutler, A. J., Laliberté, F., Germain, G., MacKnight, S. D., Boudreau, J., Wade, S. W., Nabulsi, N. A., Nguyen, H., & Parikh, M. (2025) · Annals of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12991-024-00542-w · Cited by 5
Self-citationTao, F., Deng, S., Zhuo, B., Liu, J., Liang, X., Shi, J., & Meng, Z. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0322752 · Cited by 5
Towards precision psychiatry: Metabolomics identifies three biological subtypes of depression
Ma, S., Nie, Z., Zhang, M., Mei, J., Zhou, E., Hu, Z., Lv, H., Gong, Q., Wang, G., Wang, H., et al. (2025) · PLOS Digital Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pdig.0001125 · Cited by 6
Bae, H., Lee, J. H., Je, S., Lee, S., & Choi, H. (2024) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.30773/pi.2023.0301 · Cited by 7
Ma, K., Zhou, T., Pu, C., Zhang, C., Han, X., Yang, L., & Yu, X. (2024) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci14040310 · Cited by 5
Qi, H., Liu, R., Dong, C.-C., Zhu, X., Feng, Y., Wang, H., Li, L., Chen, F., Wang, G., & Yan, F. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.004 · Cited by 6
Madsen, N. M., Sørensen, M. A., Danielsen, A. A., Højlund, M., Rohde, C., & Köhler‐Forsberg, O. (2024) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.13760 · Cited by 5
Tsega, S. S., Alemayehu, E., Dessie, A. M., Anley, D. T., Anteneh, R. M., Moges, N., Zemene, M. A., Gebeyehu, A. A., Belete, M. A., Asmare, Z. A., et al. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-21571-4 · Cited by 5
Sousa, I. A. E., Grotzinger, A. D., Lawrence, J. M., Breunig, S., Marshall, C. R., Korszun, A., & Foote, I. F. (2025) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcaf112 · Cited by 6
Neumann, E., Rössler, S., Vetter, S., Seifritz, E., Hotzy, F., & Mötteli, S. (2025) · Nutritional neuroscience · doi:10.1080/1028415x.2025.2502026 · Cited by 2
Exercise for depression treatment. Exercise modalities and types
Gultyaeva, V. V., Zinchenko, M. I., Uryumtsev, D. Y., Krivoshchekov, S. G., & Aftanas, L. I. (2019) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro2019119091136 · Cited by 6
Guía de práctica clínica de síndrome metabólico
González-Chávez, A., Gómez-Miranda, J. E., Elizondo-Argueta, S., Rangel-Mejía, M. D. P., & Sánchez-Zúñiga, M. D. J. (2019) · Alad · doi:10.24875/alad.19000381 · Cited by 9
Модель прогнозирования метаболического синдрома у больных параноидной шизофренией
Mednova, I. A., Kornetova, E. G., & Ivanova, S. А. (2020) · Сибирский вестник психиатрии и наркологии · doi:10.26617/1810-3111-2020-3(108)-45-50 · Cited by 5
Manavi, B. A., Stuart, A. L., Pasco, J. A., Hodge, J. M., Corney, K. B., Berk, M., & Williams, L. J. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041859 · Cited by 5
Delacrétaz, A., Glatard, A., Dubath, C., Gholam, M., Gamma, F., von Gunten, A., Conus, P., & Eap, C. B. (2021) · Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology · doi:10.1111/bcpt.13580 · Cited by 5
Prevalence of underweight in people with severe mental illness: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Khan, B. A., Khalid, H., Siddiqi, N., Aslam, F., Ayesha, R., Afzal, M., Rajan, S., Appuhamy, K., Koly, K. N., Bryant, M., et al. (2022) · Mental Health Science · doi:10.1002/mhs2.7 · Cited by 5
Cristiano, V. B., Szortyka, M. F., & Belmonte-de-Abreu, P. S. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1066541 · Cited by 5
Poikonen, H., Duberg, A., Eriksson, M. H., Crommert, M. E., Lund, M., Möller, M., & Msghina, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2023.1192729 · Cited by 5
Noortman, L. C. M., de Winter, L., van Voorst, A. F. A., Cahn, W., & Deenik, J. (2023) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152406 · Cited by 5
Wu, Y., Xu, G., Bai, R., Yu, P., He, Z., Chen, M., Hu, Y., Jiang, T., Yang, Y., Liu, D., et al. (2023) · Biological Trace Element Research · doi:10.1007/s12011-023-03918-3 · Cited by 5
Zhang, J., Sun, R., Cai, Y., Peng, B., Yang, X., & Gao, K. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13041172 · Cited by 5
Inflammatory Hematological Ratios in Adolescents with Mental Disorders: A Scoping Review
Popov, M. Y., Popov, Y. V., Kosterin, D. N., & Lepik, O. V. (2024) · Consortium Psychiatricum · doi:10.17816/cp15514 · Cited by 7
Xie, P., Shao, T., Long, Y., Xie, W., Liu, Y., Yang, Y., Huang, Y., Wu, R., Deng, Q., & Tang, H. (2024) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-024-02214-w · Cited by 7
Vanroy, J., Seghers, J., Bogaerts, A., Wijtzes, A. I., & Boen, F. (2017) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2017.02.005 · Cited by 6
Psychosocial factors associated with physical activity behavior among patients with psychosis
Lee, J. T. M., Law, E. Y. L., Lo, L. L. H., Lin, J., Lee, E. H. M., Hui, C. L. M., Chong, C. S. Y., Chan, S. K. W., Lo, W. T.-L., & Chen, E. Y. H. (2017) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.09.042 · Cited by 5
Gorczynski, P. F., Vancampfort, D., & Patel, H. (2018) · Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal · doi:10.1037/prj0000298 · Cited by 5
Self-citationExercise Interventions in Secure and Forensic Services
Stubbs, B., & Rosenbaum, S. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812605-9.00011-3 · Cited by 5
Self-citationA national survey of psychiatrists’ attitudes towards the physical examination*
Baillon, S. F., & Murray, J. (2019) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2018.1521938 · Cited by 5
de Boer, N., Gülöksüz, S., van Baal, C. G. C. M., Willebrands, L., Deenik, J., Vinkers, C. H., Rossum, I. W.-V., Zinkstok, J., Wilting, I., Zantvoord, J. B., et al. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02992-4 · Cited by 5
Sorić, T., Mavar, M., & Rumbak, I. (2021) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina57030255 · Cited by 8
Ying, J., Wan, J., Sim, K., Seah, E.-J. D., & Subramaniam, M. (2021) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-021-02658-z · Cited by 5
Wagner, S., Addington, K. S., Varming, A. R., & Hempler, N. F. (2021) · Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences · doi:10.1111/scs.13023 · Cited by 6
McMahen, C., Wright, K. E., Stanton, R., Lederman, O., Rosenbaum, S., McKeon, G., & Furzer, B. J. (2021) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2021.100438 · Cited by 6
Self-citationde Verville, P. L. S., Stubbs, B., Etchecopar‐Etchart, D., Godin, O., Andrieu-Haller, C., Berna, F. S., Aouizerate, B., Capdevielle, D., Chéreau, I., Clauss, J. M. E., et al. (2022) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-022-01384-x · Cited by 5
Self-citationHuang, K.-L., Chen, M.-H., Hsu, J.-W., Tsai, S.-J., & Bai, Y.-M. (2022) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852922000761 · Cited by 5
Metabolic trajectories in childhood and adolescence: Effects on risk for schizophrenia
Sormunen, E., Saarinen, M. M., Salokangas, R. K. R., Hutri‐Kähönen, N., Viikari, J. S. A., Raitakari, O. T., & Hietala, J. A. (2022) · Schizophrenia · doi:10.1038/s41537-022-00282-4 · Cited by 5
mHealth and Physical Activity Interventions Among People With Mental Illness
Carney, R., & Firth, J. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812605-9.00012-5 · Cited by 5
He, L., Shi, X., Chen, R., Wu, Z., Yang, Z., & Li, Z. (2019) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2019.00134 · Cited by 5
Behavioral health disorders related to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Sharma, A., Albhaisi, S. A. M., & Sanyal, A. J. (2022) · Clinical Liver Disease · doi:10.1002/cld.1211 · Cited by 5
Lavoie, S., Steullet, P., Kulak, A., Preitner, F., Kim, Q., & Magistretti, P. J. (2016) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2016.00142 · Cited by 5
Svärd, A., Lahti, J., Rahkonen, O., Lahelma, E. T., & Lallukka, T. M. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0889-3 · Cited by 5
Moving beyond the weight-loss paradigm of exercise interventions for mental illness
Firth, J., Vancampfort, D., Schuch, F. B., Yung, A. R., & Stubbs, B. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.10.033 · Cited by 5
Self-citationDeenik, J. (2019) · doi:10.26481/dis.20190522jd · Cited by 5
Avoiding harm from overprescribing: What are the challenges and how do we overcome them?
Walker, L. E., & Mangoni, A. A. (2020) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bcp.14696 · Cited by 5
Elias, L., Saroufine, K., Alagha, M., Beaini, C. E., Bekai, E. A., Semaan, S., Elkhoury, E., Harb, F., Azar, S. T., Khoury, N. B. E., et al. (2026) · Mental Illness · doi:10.1155/mij/4208707 · Cited by 4
Wang, X., Luo, H., Zhang, Y., Mao, M., Lu, Y., Zhang, Z., Jiang, C., & Luo, Q. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1011978 · Cited by 6
Fischer, R., Moritz, S., Scheunemann, J., Nagel, M., Osthues, C., Schöttle, D., & Luedecke, D. (2024) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-024-10099-2 · Cited by 4
Kazinka, R., Choi, D. S., Opitz, A., & Lim, K. O. (2024) · Schizophrenia · doi:10.1038/s41537-024-00529-2 · Cited by 4
Hotzy, F., Seifritz, E., Vetter, S., & Mötteli, S. (2024) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00207640241303033 · Cited by 4
Clinical studies of blood-borne Extracellular vesicles in psychiatry: A systematic review
Tunset, M. E., Haslene‐Hox, H., Larsen, J. B., Kondziella, D., Nygård, M., Pedersen, S. A., Vaaler, A., & Llorente, A. (2025) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.01.037 · Cited by 5
Spatial metabolomics in mental disorders and traditional Chinese medicine: a review
Lei, C., Chen, J., Chen, Z., Ma, C., Chen, X., Sun, X., Tang, X., Deng, J., Wang, S., Jiang, J., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1449639 · Cited by 4
Madero, S., Anmella, G., Prisco, M. D., Oliva, V., Valenzuela‐Pascual, C., Mas, A., Fico, G., Murru, A., Valentí, M., Blanch, J., et al. (2025) · Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental · doi:10.1016/j.sjpmh.2025.02.001 · Cited by 4
Saitoh, K., Lajnef, M., Boukouaci, W., André, M., Andrieu, C., Aouizerate, B., Barau, C., Bouassida, J., Capdevielle, D., Chéreau, I., et al. (2025) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116557 · Cited by 4
Karska, J., Skonieczna‐Żydecka, K., Jakubiak, N., Czarnecka, W., & Misiak, B. (2025) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111430 · Cited by 4
Allostatic load index across the psychosis spectrum: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Madaria, L., Aymerich, C., Pedruzo, B., de Pablo, G. S., Alconada, D. A., Fusar‐Poli, P., Torres, M. Á. G., & Catalán, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1590547 · Cited by 5
Ling, Z., Cheng, Y., Lan, Z., Liu, X., Zhu, Z., Ding, W., Xu, X., Yu, P., Xu, X., Shao, L., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1652633 · Cited by 4
Zheng, W., Yang, W., Zhang, Q., Yang, X.-H., Cai, D.-B., Hu, J., Ungvari, G. S., Ng, C. H., Binder, M. D., Ning, Y., et al. (2018) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.11919/j.issn.1002-0829.217156 · Cited by 4
Diagnostik und Früherkennung bipolarer Störungen
Schäfer, M., & Correll, C. U. (2020) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-020-00881-5 · Cited by 4
Self-citationHoward, R., Kühn, L., Millar, F., & Street, M. (2020) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/inm.12755 · Cited by 5
Eskelinen, S., Suvisaari, J. V. J., & Suvisaari, J. (2020) · Annals of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12991-020-00321-3 · Cited by 4
Philipsen, L., Würtz, N., Polcwiartek, C., Kragholm, K. H., Torp-Pedersen, C. T., Nielsen, R. E., Jensen, S. E., & Attar, R. (2022) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039488.2022.2102208 · Cited by 4
Rogalski, J. K., Subdys, A., & Gawlik-Kotelnicka, O. (2022) · Current Problems of Psychiatry · doi:10.2478/cpp-2022-0013 · Cited by 4
Opusunju, E. E., Palmieri, P. A., Domínguez-Cancino, K. A., Jaque-Ortiz, S., & Whitehead, D. K. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10101851 · Cited by 4
Lipid Metabolism Disturbances During Antipsychotic Treatment for Schizophrenia
Ono, S., & Someya, T. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-62059-2_402 · Cited by 4
Matera, E., Cristofano, G., Furente, F., Marzulli, L., Tarantini, M., Margari, L., Piarulli, F. M., GIACOMO, A. D., & Petruzzelli, M. G. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11010048 · Cited by 4
Zhang, X., Wang, S., Zhao, R., Zhao, N., Tao, S., Zhang, H., Wu, B., Xia, X., & Fan, H. D. (2023) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00207640231204217 · Cited by 4
Dance/movement therapy for improving metabolic parameters in long-term veterans with schizophrenia
Zhou, Z., Guan, H., Xiu, M., & Wu, F. (2024) · Schizophrenia · doi:10.1038/s41537-024-00435-7 · Cited by 4
He, K., Ying, J., Yang, F., Hu, T., & Du, Y. (2024) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2024.1383032 · Cited by 4
Mazzarotto, F., Monteleone, P., Minelli, A., Mattevi, S., Cascino, G., Rocca, P., Rossi, A., Bertolino, A., Aguglia, E., Altamura, C. A., et al. (2024) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116107 · Cited by 4
Lu, C., Jin, X., Liu, N., Li, Y., Dong, Y., Wang, X., Li, S., & Li, J. (2024) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149220 · Cited by 4
Jin, X., Lu, C., Liu, N., Li, Y., Dong, Y., Wang, X., Li, S., & Li, J. (2024) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-024-02842-7 · Cited by 4
Maphumulo, S. Z., Breukelman, G. J., Shaw, B. S., & Shaw, I. (2025) · Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health · doi:10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102111 · Cited by 4
Effects of an electronic reminder system on guideline-concordant treatment of psychotic disorders
Franke, I., Thier, S., & Riecher‐Rössler, A. (2016) · Neuropsychiatrie · doi:10.1007/s40211-016-0202-1 · Cited by 4
Hahn, L. A., Mackinnon, A. J., Foley, D. L., Morgan, V. A., Waterreus, A. J., Watts, G. F., Castle, D. J., Liu, D., & Galletly, C. A. (2016) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2016.11.046 · Cited by 4
Establishing post mortem criteria for the metabolic syndrome: an autopsy based cross-sectional study
Christensen, M. R., Bugge, A. B. D., Malik, M. E., Thomsen, J. L., Lynnerup, N., Rungby, J., & Banner, J. (2018) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-018-0339-0 · Cited by 4
Ng‐Mak, D., & Rajagopalan, K. (2018) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1080/03007995.2018.1532883 · Cited by 4
Correlates of Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Schizophrenia: An Exploratory Study
Nebhinani, N., Tripathi, S., Suthar, N., Pareek, V., Purohit, P., & Sharma, P. (2020) · Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s12291-020-00912-7 · Cited by 5
Correia, É. M., Bento, T., Rodrigues, F. F., Cid, L., Vitorino, A., Teixeira, D., & Monteiro, D. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12145726 · Cited by 4
Kabthymer, R. H., Nega, S., Hailemariam, S., Alemu, Y., & Mekuriaw, B. (2021) · Annals of Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102351 · Cited by 4
Pradeep, C. S., R, P. S. K., Kumar, S., Rathinisha, K. U., Ramalingam, K., & Balasubramanian, A. (2021) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/ijcp.14559 · Cited by 4
Perez, C. S. D. H., Ciufolini, S., Gardner-Sood, P., Krivoy, A., Young, A. H., Murray, R. M., Ismail, K., Atakan, Z., Greenwood, K., Smith, S. M., et al. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.038 · Cited by 4
Trigueiro, A. J. P., Ramirez, J. L., Hennessey, E., & Beqiri, M. S. (2022) · Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services · doi:10.3928/02793695-20220314-01 · Cited by 4
Pressanto, C., Scholtz, S., & Ali, N. (2022) · BJPsych Bulletin · doi:10.1192/bjb.2022.31 · Cited by 3
Liu, Z., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Xia, L., Yang, Y., Sun, L., Zhang, D., Li, W., Yao, X., Yang, R., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.992988 · Cited by 4
Anzolin, A. P., Goularte, J., Pinto, J. V., Belmonte-de-Abreu, P., Cruz, L., Cordova, V., Magalhaes, L. S., Rosa, A., Ceresér, K., & Kauer-Sant'Anna, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1147298 · Cited by 3
Tocco, M., Newcomer, J. W., Mao, Y., & Pikalov, A. (2023) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852923001190 · Cited by 5
Andersen, M. F., Roed, K., Riis, A., Rafn, B. S., Ebdrup, B. H., & Midtgaard, J. (2023) · BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001658 · Cited by 4
Occurrence of metabolic syndrome in untreated bipolar disorders: a cross-sectional study
Liu, Q., Wang, L., Zhen, F., & An, C. (2023) · Acta Neuropsychiatrica · doi:10.1017/neu.2023.47 · Cited by 4
Naylor, A., Flood, A., & Keegan, R. J. (2024) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1750984x.2024.2309614 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Vancampfort, D., Stubbs, B., Mitchell, A. J., De Hert, M., Wampers, M., Ward, P. B., Rosenbaum, S., & Correll, C. U.
- Affiliations
- KU Leuven (BE)
- University of Greenwich (GB)
- University of Leicester (GB)
- UPC KU Leuven, Campus Kortenberg, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven ‐ University of Leuven Kortenberg Belgium
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Hofstra University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- World Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-09-25
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 339-347
- ISSN
- 1723-8617 (ISSN-L)
- 2051-5545
- PMC
- PMC4592657
- OpenAlex
- W2150458484
- Cited by
- 1,271
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 120 · 2025: 142 · 2024: 122 · 2023: 101 · 2022: 117 · 2021: 138 · 2020: 132 · 2019: 101 · 2018: 131 · 2017: 96 · 2016: 65 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 13.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- World Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Yale University
- University of Pittsburgh
- University of Rochester
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh
- Newcastle University
- Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
- Universiteit Utrecht
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
- University of Toronto
- Kuopion Yliopistollinen Sairaala
- Taipei Medical University
- University of California, San Diego
- Medical Center, University of Rochester
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Keywords
- metabolic syndrome, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, psychosis, severe mental illness, antipsychotic drugs, clozapine, olanzapine, aripiprazole, body mass index, cardiovascular risk, hypertension, metabolic syndrome prevalence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-10, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-10 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
