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The Composition of Centaur 5145 Pholus
Open accessAbstract
We present a new spectrum of the Centaur object 5145 Pholus between 1.15 and 2.4 μm. We model this, and the previously published (0.4- to 1.0-μm) spectrum, using Hapke scattering theory. Seen in absorption are the 2.04-μm band of H2O ice and a strong band at 2.27 μm, interpreted as frozen methanol and/or a photolytic product of methanol having small molecular weight. The presence of small molecules is indicative of a chemically primitive surface, since heating and other processes remove the light hydrocarbons in favor of macromolecular carbon of the kind found in carbonaceous meteorites. The unusually red slope of Pholus' spectrum is matched by fine grains of a refractory organic solid (tholin), as found previously by M. Hoffmannet al. (1993,J. Geophys. Res.98, 7403–7407) and P. D. Wilsonet al.(1994,Icarus107, 288–303). Olivine (which we model with Fo 82) also appears to be present on Pholus. We present a five-component model for the composite spectrum of all spectroscopic and photometric data available for 5145 Pholus and conclude that this is a primitive object which has not yet been substantially processed by solar heat. The properties of Pholus are those of the nucleus of a large comet that has never been active.
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“However, we note that a red spectral slope over this range is not unexpected and is characteristic of many primitive objects in our solar system (Cruikshank et al. 1998;Jewitt & Luu 1998;Bus & Binzel 2002;Sheppard 2010;Carry et al. 2016).”
From Implications for Planetary System Formation from Interstellar Object 1I/2017 U1 (‘Oumuamua) (2017) · cites this paper as Cruikshank et al. 1998
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Self-citationMoore, J. M., McKinnon, W. B., Cruikshank, D. P., Gladstone, G. R., Spencer, J. R., Stern, S. A., Weaver, H. A., Singer, K. N., Showalter, M. R., Grundy, W. M., et al. (2018) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2018gl078996 · Cited by 16
Self-citationJames Webb Space Telescope Observations of Stellar Occultations by Solar System Bodies and Rings
Santos-Sanz, P., French, R. G., Pinilla-Alonso, N., Stansberry, J., Lin, Z.-Y., Zhang, Z.-W., Vilenius, E., Müller, T., Ortiz, J. L., Braga-Ribas, F., et al. (2016) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1088/1538-3873/128/959/018011 · Cited by 16
The Ices on Transneptunian Objects and Centaurs
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Self-citationRichey, C., & Gerakines, P. A. (2012) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/759/1/74 · Cited by 16
Triton, Pluto, Centaurs, and Trans-Neptunian Bodies
Cruikshank, D. P. (2005) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/1-4020-4038-5_21 · Cited by 16
Self-citationSpectrophotometry of Four Kuiper Belt Objects with NICMOS
Noll, K., Luu, J. X., & Gilmore, D. M. (2000) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/301200 · Cited by 16
Compositional Study of Trans-Neptunian Objects at λ > 2.2 μm
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Self-citationInterstellar comet 2I/Borisov: dust composition from multiband photometry and modelling
Busarev, V. V., Petrova, E. V., Shcherbina, M. P., Ikonnikova, N. P., Burlak, M. A., & Belinski, A. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa4022 · Cited by 15
Near-Infrared Spectrum of Low-Inclination Classical Kuiper Belt Object (79360) 1997 CS29
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Quantitative modeling of the spectral reflectance of Kuiper Belt objects and Centaurs
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Self-citationPhysical Characterization of TNOs with the James Webb Space Telescope
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From Centaurs to comets - 40 years
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Self-citationThe extra red plutino (55638) 2002 VE95
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Surface Characteristics of Transneptunian Objects and Centaurs from Photometry and Spectroscopy
Barueci, M. A., Doressoundiram, A., & Cruikshank, D. P. (2004) · University of Arizona Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctv1v7zdq5.40 · Cited by 14
Self-citationSurface composition of TNOs and Centaurs: visible and near-infrared spectroscopy
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Self-citationNitrogen condensation on water ice
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Self-citationNuclear Spectra of Comet 28P Neujmin 1
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The effects of methanol on the trapping of volatile ice components
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Metadata
- Authors
- Cruikshank, D. P., Roush, T. L., Bartholomew, M. J., Geballe, T. R., Pendleton, Y. J., White, S. M., Bell, J. F., Davies, J. K., Owen, T. C., de Bergh, C., Tholen, D. J., Bernstein, M. P., Brown, R. H., Tryka, K. A., & Dalle Ore, C. M.
- Affiliations
- Ames Research Center (US)
- University of Hawaii at Hilo (US)
- Cornell University (US)
- University of Arizona (US)
- Northern Arizona University (US)
- Venue
- Icarus
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1998-10
- Volume
- 135
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 389-407
- ISSN
- 0019-1035 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2057433998
- Cited by
- 270
- References
- 112
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 10.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Icarus (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Astro and Planetary Science
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Planetary Science and Exploration
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
- Keywords
- Centaur asteroids, asteroid surface composition, near-infrared spectra, tholins, olivine, solar heating
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