Glutamine, as a Precursor of Glutathione, and Oxidative Stress
Abstract
Oxidative stress is related to several pathologies and it is also associated with surgical operations. Reactive oxygen species generated during oxidative stress can induce severe damage to biomolecules. To prevent this damage, cells are endowed with both enzymatic and nonenzymatic defenses. One of the most important antioxidant molecules is glutathione. Since glutamine is a precursor of glutathione, its supplementation in the clinical diet can be used to maintain high levels of glutathione and to avoid oxidative stress damage. Here, recent literature concerning this recurrent topic is critically reviewed.
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The metabolic pathway by which glutamine mitigates ROS is the glutathione synthesis pathway.
“The metabolic pathway by which glutamine mitigates ROS is the glutathione synthesis pathway57 (Fig. 3).”
From Glutamine reliance in cell metabolism (2020) · cites this paper as [57]
Experiments using uniformly labeled 13C-glutamine showed that glutathione was enriched with five 13C atoms, suggesting that glutamine is the major source of glutathione.
“Indeed, experiments using uniformly labeled 13C-glutamine showed that glutathione was enriched with five 13C atoms in glutathione, suggesting that glutamine is the major source of glutathione16,57,60.”
From Glutamine reliance in cell metabolism (2020) · cites this paper as [57]
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- Authors
- Amores-Sánchez, M. I., & Medina, M. Á.
- Affiliations
- Universidad de Málaga (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Medina, Miguel Ángel
- ORCID
- Medina, Miguel Ángel
- Venue
- Molecular Genetics and Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1999-06
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 100-105
- ISSN
- 1096-7192 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2044158587
- Cited by
- 261
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 2.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Molecular Genetics and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Sulfur Compounds in Biology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Keywords
- glutamine, glutathione, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, antioxidant defense, glutathione synthesis, dietary supplementation, biomolecule damage
- MeSH terms
- Glutamine, Glutathione, Humans, Protein Precursors, Oxidative Stress
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