Cited by 683Memory Processes and InfluencesCognitive Functions and MemoryMemory and Neural Mechanisms

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The mind's eye – precuneus activation in memory-related imagery

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Fletcher, P.C., Frith, C.D., Baker, S.C., Shallice, T., Frackowiak, R.S.J., Dolan, R.J.·1995·NeuroImage

DOI 10.1006/nimg.1995.1025

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Abstract

We examined brain activity associated with visual imagery at episodic memory retrieval using positron emission tomography (PET). Twelve measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were taken in six right-handed, healthy, male volunteers. During six measurements, they were engaged in the cued recall of imageable verbal paired associates. During the other six measurements, they recalled nonimageable paired associates. Memory performance was equalized across all word lists. The subjects' use of an increased degree of visual imagery during the recall of imageable paired associates was confirmed using subjective rating scales after each scan. Memory-related imagery was associated with significant activation of a medial parietal area, the precuneus. This finding confirms a previously stated hypothesis about the precuneus and provides strong evidence that it is a key part of the neural substate of visual imagery occurring in conscious memory recall.

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Method
Framing the ultimatum game: the contribution of simulation
Tomasino, B., Lotto, L., Sarlo, M., Civai, C., Rumiati, R., & Rumiati, R. I. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00337 · Cited by 18
“…which triggers an increase of activation in areas related to visual imagery of scenes and characters (Kosslyn et al., 1995a,b, 2001; Kosslyn and Thompson, 2003), and an increase of activation in areas related to episodic memory retrieval during imagery such as the cuneus (Fletcher et al., 1995).”
Background
Inter-participant consistency of language-processing networks during abstract thoughts
Berkovich‐Ohana, A., Noy, N., Harel, M., Furman‐Haran, E., Arieli, A., & Malach, R. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116626 · Cited by 14
An fMRI study of prefrontal dysfunction and symptomatic recovery in schizophrenia
Smee, C., A, L. K. M., O’Daly, O., Prins, A.-M., Orlov, N. D., Morley, L. A., Samson, G., & Shergill, S. S. (2010) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01632.x · Cited by 14
Chapter 3.7 The role of the precuneus in episodic memory
Trimble, M., & Cavanna, A. E. (2008) · Handbook of behavioral neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s1569-7339(08)00220-8 · Cited by 14
Common default mode network dysfunction across psychopathologies: A neuroimaging meta-analysis of the n-back working memory paradigmPreprint
Farruggia, M. C., Laird, A. R., & Mattfeld, A. T. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.01.30.927210 · Cited by 16
Structural and functional whole brain changes in autism spectrum disorder at different age stages
Wang, Z., Zheng, L., Yang, L., Yin, S., Yu, S., Chen, K., ZHANG, T., Wang, H., Zhang, T., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-024-02585-6 · Cited by 13
“The precuneus is associated with episodic memory [72] and complex cognitive functions [73].”
Religious Belief at the Level of the Brain
Gaw, A. C. (2019) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000001016 · Cited by 14
“…recall of behaviors from episodic memory when there are no sufficient experiences to form a trait summary about the others (Klein et al., 2002) and which has been found to involve the posterior parietal cortex/precuneus (Cavanna and Trimble, 2006; Fletcher et al., 1995; Wagner et al., 2005).”
Background
Structural neuroimaging changes associated with subjective cognitive decline from a clinical sample
Riverol, M., Ríos‐Rivera, M. M., Imaz-Aguayo, L., Solis-Barquero, S., Arrondo, C., Montoya‐Murillo, G., Villino‐Rodríguez, R. A., García-Eulate, R., Domínguez, P. D., & Fernández‐Seara, M. A. (2024) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103615 · Cited by 13
“…well known for its role in audiovisual multisensory processes, sustained attention, episodic memory retrieval, and self-consciousness while forming part of the default-mode network (Mol-holm et al., 2006; Pardo et al., 1991; Fletcher et al., 1995; Utevsky et al., 2014; Cavanna and Trimble, 2006).”
Background
The Human Visual System
Watson, J. D. G. (2000) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012692545-6/50011-8 · Cited by 13
Maintenance of real objects and their verbal designations in working memory
Kaiser, S., Kopka, M.-L., Rentrop, M., Walther, S., Kronmüller, K., Olbrich, R., Weisbrod, M., & Stippich, C. (2009) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2009.11.045 · Cited by 13
“This brain region has been shown to be strongly involved in memory tasks, when the use of mental imagery is encouraged by the stimuli and task demands [9] or when imagery leads to false remembering [12].”
The Influence of Semantic Integration between Items on Associative Recognition: Evidence from ERPs Study
Yuan, L. V., LIANG, J., & Guo, C. (2015) · Acta Psychologica Sinica · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1041.2015.00427 · Cited by 13
Altered functional connectivity in patients with post-stroke fatigue: A resting-state fMRI study
Ren, W., Wang, M., Wang, Q., Huang, Q., Feng, S., Tao, J., Wen, C., Xu, M., He, J., Yang, C., et al. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.129 · Cited by 13
Whole brain segmentation method from 2.5D brain MRI slice image based on Triple U-Net
Chen, X., Jiang, S., Guo, L., et al. (2021) · The Visual Computer · doi:10.1007/s00371-021-02326-9 · Cited by 12
Tracking Moving Identities: After Attending the Right Location, the Identity Does Not Come for Free
Pinto, Y., Scholte, H. S., & Lamme, V. A. F. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042929 · Cited by 12
Neural Encoding Correlates of High and Low Verbal Memory Performance
Heinze, S., Sartory, G., Müller, B. W., et al. (2006) · Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1027/0269-8803.20.2.68 · Cited by 12
“The precuneus has also been reported to be activated in memory tasks and is thought to reflect the supportive use of imagery (Shallice et al., 1994; Fletcher et al., 1995 ).”
Background
Impaired Cerebral Connectivity in Vegetative State
Laureys, S., Faymonville, M.-É., Goldman, S., Degueldre, C., Phillips, C. L. M., Lambermont, B. C., Aerts, J. J., Lamy, M., Luxen, A., Franck, G., et al. (2001) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012285751-5/50050-8 · Cited by 13
From semantic concreteness to concretism in schizophrenia: An automated linguistic analysis of speech produced in figurative language interpretation
Bambini, V., Frau, F., Bischetti, L., Agostoni, G., Mevio, C., Battaglini, C., Bechi, M., Buonocore, M., Sapienza, J., Spangaro, M., et al. (2025) · Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics · doi:10.1080/02699206.2025.2451961 · Cited by 11
“…such as the right middle/superior temporal gyri and the left inferior frontal gyrus (Della Rosa et al., 2018; Poldrack et al., 1999), but also in the cuneus and precuneus (Kircher et al., 2007; Mashal et al., 2014), which play a relevant role in mental imagery processes (Fletcher et al., 1995).”
Reduced Verbal Learning Associated With Posterior Temporal Lobe Slow Wave Activity
Foster, P. S., Harrison, D. W., Crucian, G. P., et al. (2007) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565640701729706 · Cited by 11
“Specifically, recall of imaginable words, relative to word that are difficult to associate with a mental image, is associated with activation of the precuneus ( Fletcher et al, 1995 ; Fletcher, Shallice, Frith, Frackowiak, & Dolan, 1996 ; Krause et al, 1999 ).”
Background
Cerebral correlates of selective attention in schizophrenic patients with formal thought disorder: a controlled H2 15O-PET study
Erkwoh, R., Sabri, O., Schreckenberger, M., Setani, K., Aßfalg, S., Sturz, L., Fehler, S., & Pleßmann, S. (2002) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/s0925-4927(02)00045-8 · Cited by 11
Cerebral Function in Vegetative State studied by Positron Emission Tomography
Laureys, S., Faymonville, M. E., & Lamy, M. (2000) · Yearbook of intensive care and emergency medicine · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-13455-9_49 · Cited by 11
Integrating Nutrient Biomarkers, Cognitive Function, and Structural MRI Data to Build Multivariate Phenotypes of Healthy Aging
Talukdar, T., Zwilling, C. E., & Barbey, A. K. (2023) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.03.016 · Cited by 11
“, orientation and shifting), in addition to core visual processes [52,53].”
Background
Global cognitive impairment should be taken into account in SPECT–neuropsychology correlations: the example of verbal memory in very mild Alzheimer’s disease
Rodriguez, G., Morbelli, S. D., Brugnolo, A., Calvini, P., Girtler, N. G., Piccardo, A., Dougall, N. J., Ebmeier, K. P., Baron, J., & Nobili, F. M. (2005) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-005-1831-y · Cited by 10
“Our finding of correlation in the precuneus seems consistent with the observations of activation studies in AD [42,43]as well as in normals during the recall of episodic information [44–46] or during mental imagery processes [47], thus suggesting a role of the precuneus in the memorisation of imaginable words [ 48 ].”
Result
Cortical regions activated after rapid eye movements during REM sleep
Ogawa, K., Nittono, H., & Hori, T. (2006) · Sleep and Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1111/j.1479-8425.2006.00198.x · Cited by 10
Dynamic reconfiguration of default and frontoparietal network supports creative incubation
Li, Z., Zhang, Z., Tan, T., & Luo, J. (2025) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121021 · Cited by 9

Authors: Fletcher, P. C., Frith, C. D., Baker, S. C., Shallice, T., Frackowiak, R. S. J., & Dolan, R. J.
Affiliations: The Royal Free Hospital (GB)
ORCID: Fletcher, P.C.
Frith, C.D.
Frackowiak, R.S.J.
Dolan, R.J.
Venue: NeuroImage
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1995-09
Volume: 2
Issue: 3
Pages: 195-200
ISSN: 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1006/nimg.1995.1025
OpenAlex: W1966326035
Cited by: 680
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 24
FWCI: 8.78
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Licence: other-oa
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion, other-oa)
SDL (submittedVersion)
MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: Wellcome Trust
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Keywords: precuneus, visual imagery, episodic memory retrieval, paired associates, imageability, medial parietal cortex, regional cerebral blood flow
MeSH terms: Adult, Attention, Brain Mapping, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Imagination, Male, Paired-Associate Learning, Parietal Lobe, Mental Recall, Reference Values, Regional Blood Flow, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Visual Perception

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The mind's eye – precuneus activation in memory-related imagery

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