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The mind's eye – precuneus activation in memory-related imagery
Open accessAbstract
We examined brain activity associated with visual imagery at episodic memory retrieval using positron emission tomography (PET). Twelve measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were taken in six right-handed, healthy, male volunteers. During six measurements, they were engaged in the cued recall of imageable verbal paired associates. During the other six measurements, they recalled nonimageable paired associates. Memory performance was equalized across all word lists. The subjects' use of an increased degree of visual imagery during the recall of imageable paired associates was confirmed using subjective rating scales after each scan. Memory-related imagery was associated with significant activation of a medial parietal area, the precuneus. This finding confirms a previously stated hypothesis about the precuneus and provides strong evidence that it is a key part of the neural substate of visual imagery occurring in conscious memory recall.
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“Notably, these regions have been linked previously with episodic imagery, contextual detail and scene construction processes important to both past and future events (Fletcher et al., 1995;Bar and Aminoff, 2003;Okuda et al., 2003;Hassabis and Maguire, 2007;Hassabis et al., 2007a;Szpunar et al., 2009;Andrews-Hanna et al., 2010).”
From Considering the role of semantic memory in episodic future thinking: evidence from semantic dementia (2012) · cites this paper as Fletcher et al., 1995
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BackgroundPrecuneus–Prefrontal Activity during Awareness of Visual Verbal Stimuli
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“images of the words in each pair (Fletcher et al. 1995).”
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Precuneus is involved in allocentric spatial location encoding and recognition
Frings, L., Wagner, K., Quiske, A., Schwarzwald, R., Spreer, J., Halsband, U., & Schulze‐Bonhage, A. (2006) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-006-0408-8 · Cited by 80
“Whereas in earlier studies it has been assumed that precuneus activations reXect mental imagery of the content to be retrieved from memory (Fletcher et al. 1995), it could subsequently be shown by varying the imagery content of word-pair stimuli that involvement of the precuneus in explicit memory…”
BackgroundNeural correlates of object indeterminacy in art compositions
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“…the precuneus and the MFG, regions of the ''imagery network,'' which mediate the generation and maintenance of mental images from long-term memory (Fletcher et al., 1995; Gardini, Cornoldi, De Beni, & Venneri, 2006; Ishai, Haxby, & Ungerleider, 2002; Ishai, Ungerleider, & Haxby, 2000; Mechelli et…”
BackgroundActivated brain regions in musicians during an ensemble: a PET study
Satoh, M., Takeda, K., Nagata, K., et al. (2001) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0926-6410(01)00044-1 · Cited by 80
“In the alto-part-listening condition, our subjects reflecting visual mental imagery [11].”
Brain imaging autobiographical memory
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“In fact, we also found evidence that a region of the precuneus, associated with visual processing and visuo-spatial attention (e.g. Fletcher et al., 1995; Kosslyn and Thompson, 2000; Culham and Kanwisher, 2001) and with the recollective qualities of a memory (see Shannon and Buckner, 2004), was…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialNeuroelectromagnetic correlates of perceptual closure processes
Grutzner, C., Uhlhaas, P. J., Genc, E., Kohler, A., Singer, W., & Wibral, M. (2010) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5434-09.2010 · Cited by 77
“The medial parietal cortex (precuneus) has been related to memory-related imagery; it has been proposed that the precuneus reflects the “mind’s eye” during reconstruction of object (or face) representations from fragmentary evidence (Fletcher et al., 1995; Dolan et al., 1997).”
BackgroundFamiliarity modulates the functional relationship between theory of mind and autobiographical memory
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“This pattern of activity likely reflects selfreferential and visuospatial aspects of autobiographical remembering that have been identified in previous studies (Addis et al., 2004; Epstein, 2008; Fletcher et al., 1995; Gilboa et al., 2004; Northoff et al., 2006; Rosenbaum et al., 2004; Summerfield et al., 2009; Svobod…”
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Raettig, T., & Kotz, S. A. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.09.030 · Cited by 77
“The advantages of combining a voxel-based threshold with a minimum cluster size have been described elsewhere (Forman et al., 1995).”
Mahayana, I. T., Tcheang, L., Chen, C.-Y., Juan, C.-H., & Muggleton, N. G. (2014) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2014.06.012 · Cited by 74
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“…spatiodynamic processes and have also been shown to play an important role in spatial memory processing (Ungerleider et al., 1998), as in imagery (Fletcher et al., 1995; Mellet et al., 1996, 2002; Kosslyn et al., 1997) with damage leading to possible neglect in ‘‘representational space’’…”
BackgroundBrown, C. A., El‐Deredy, W., & Jones, A. K. P. (2014) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.12420 · Cited by 71
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Jessen, F., Erb, M., Klose, U., Lotze, M., Grodd, W., & Heun, R. (1999) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00453-x · Cited by 73
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ResultGilbert, S. J., Zamenopoulos, T., Alexiou, K., & Johnson, J. (2009) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.11.045 · Cited by 76
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Developmental Maturation of the Precuneus as a Functional Core of the Default Mode Network
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“…2016), that task performance affects the FPN ’ s overall activation and functional connectivity throughout the brain (Dwyer et al., 2014; Cole et al., 2013; Satterthwaite, Wolf, et al., 2013), and that DMN – RFPN connectivity facilitates response time in a memory task (Fornito et al., 2012).”
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InfluentialSöderlund, H., Moscovitch, M., Kumar, N., Mandic, M., & Levine, B. (2011) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20927 · Cited by 68
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“In this area, the somatosensory and visual inputs are integrated in visuospatial orienting tasks, as well as in mental travel and mental imagery concerning the self (Fletcher et al. 1995) and monitoring the success of these operations based on internally represented visual images (Oshio et al.”
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“In healthy controls, precuneus connectivity with cortical visual regions, angular gyrus, and temporal cortex suggest the potential involvement of this region in visual imagery processes (Fletcher et al., 1995).”
BackgroundThe Hippocampus Remains Activated over the Long Term for the Retrieval of Truly Episodic Memories
Harand, C., Bertran, F., Joie, R. L., Landeau, B., Mézenge, F., Desgranges, B., Peigneux, P., Eustache, F., & Rauchs, G. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043495 · Cited by 72
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Dhond, R. P., Witzel, T., Dale, A. M., & Halgren, E. (2006) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20282 · Cited by 63
“A decreased N400 is observed when lexicosemantic integration with the current context is facilitated by contextual congruity, semantic and repetition priming, late sentence position, or elevated word frequency [Halgren, 1990; Kutas and Federmeier, 2000].”
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Sreekumar, V., Nielson, D. M., Smith, T. A., Dennis, S. J., & Sederberg, P. B. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-32879-0 · Cited by 64
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Boris Suchan, A., Yágüez, L., Wunderlich, G., Canavan, A. G. M., Herzog, H. R., Tellmann, L., Hömberg, V., & Seitz, R. J. (2002) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(02)00204-8 · Cited by 63
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Neural bases of autobiographical support for episodic recollection of faces
Trinkler, I., King, J. A., Doeller, C. F., Rugg, M. D., & Burgess, N. (2009) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20556 · Cited by 61
“The precuneus and parietal occipital sulcus have long been associated with memory retrieval, imagery and ‘‘attention to internal representations’’ (Fletcher et al., 1995; Burgess et al., 2001b; Maguire, 2001; Wagner et al., 2005; Wallentin et al., 2006; Byrne et al., 2007; Hassabis et al., 2007).”
BackgroundDutta, A., McKie, S., Downey, D., Thomas, E., Juhász, G., Arnone, D., Elliott, R., Williams, S. R., Deakin, J. F. W., & Anderson, I. M. (2019) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-019-0447-0 · Cited by 60
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“…processing of an internal mental context (top-down processing) (Von Stein and Sarnthein, 2000), related episodic memory (Shulman et al., 1997), imagery (Fletcher et al., 1995), internal ‘narrative,’ and ‘autobiographical’ self (Gusnard et al., 2001; Johnson et al., 2002; Buckner and Carroll, 2007).”
BackgroundEndogenous control and task representation: an fMRI study in algebraic problem-solving
Stocco, A., & Anderson, J. R. (2008) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2008.20089 · Cited by 59
“The second spot was in close proximity of the left precuneus, which is responsive to both mental imagery and episodic memory retrievals (e.g., Fletcher et al., 1995 ).”
BackgroundThe retrieval of perceptual memory details depends on right hippocampal integrity and activation
St‐Laurent, M., Moscovitch, M., & McAndrews, M. P. (2016) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2016.08.010 · Cited by 64
(A)phantasia and severely deficient autobiographical memory: Scientific and personal perspectives
Watkins, N. W. (2017) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2017.10.010 · Cited by 71
The Role of the Right Anterior Prefrontal Cortex in Episodic Retrieval
Allan, K., Dolan, R. J., Fletcher, P. C., & Rugg, M. D. (2000) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2000.0531 · Cited by 60
Self-citationEvolving Human Brains: Paleoneurology and the Fate of Middle Pleistocene
Bruner, E. (2021) · Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory · doi:10.1007/s10816-020-09500-8 · Cited by 62
Modulation of effective connectivity by cognitive demand in phonological verbal fluency
Fu, C. H. Y., McIntosh, A. R., Kim, J., Chau, W., Bullmore, E. T., Williams, S., Honey, G. D., & McGuire, P. K. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.09.035 · Cited by 57
Martínez-Soto, J., Gonzáles-Santos, L., Pasaye, E. H., & Barrios, F. A. (2013) · Intelligent Buildings International · doi:10.1080/17508975.2013.807765 · Cited by 66
“The precuneus tends to activate in visual attention processes and relates to episodic memory (Fletcher et al. 1995).”
BackgroundWallentin, M., Weed, E., Østergaard, L., Mouridsen, K., & Roepstorff, A. (2007) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20413 · Cited by 59
“…et al., 1998; Wallentin et al., 2006], virtual reality navigation [Burgess et al., 2001; Hartley et al., 2003; Iaria et al., 2003], and imagery [Fletcher et al., 1995; Kosslyn et al., 1997; Mellet et al., 1998, 2002], extending to processing of words [Jessen et al., 2000] and sentences [Just…”
BackgroundGui, D.-Y., Gan, T., & Liu, C. (2015) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2015.1081401 · Cited by 60
“may involve the integration of emotion and memory evoked by social interaction (Cavanna & Trimble, 2006; Fletcher et al., 1995).”
BackgroundAge-related differences in the neural correlates of vivid remembering
Folville, A., Bahri, M. A., Delhaye, E., Salmon, É., D’Argembeau, A., & Bastin, C. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116336 · Cited by 54
Lombard, M., & Högberg, A. (2021) · Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory · doi:10.1007/s10816-020-09502-6 · Cited by 60
Modification of neuromagnetic cortical signals by thalamic infarctions
Mäkelä, J. P., Salmelin, R. H., Kotila, M., Salonen, O. L. M., Laaksonen, R. K., Hokkanen, L., & Hari, R. (1998) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s0013-4694(98)00005-4 · Cited by 58
Cortical reorganization in Bell's palsy
Klingner, C. M., Volk, G. F., Maertin, A., Brodoehl, S., Burmeister, H. P., Guntinas‐Lichius, O., & Witte, O. W. (2011) · Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience · doi:10.3233/rnn-2011-0592 · Cited by 60
Braskie, M. N., Landau, S. M., Wilcox, C. E., Taylor, S. D., O’Neil, J. P., Baker, S. L., Madison, C. M., & Jagust, W. J. (2010) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.21081 · Cited by 60
“Deficits in frontal lobe-dependent cognitive function are common during aging [Cohen et al., 1987; De Luca et al., 2003; Gazzaley et al., 2005].”
BackgroundSelf-citationViard, A., Lebreton, K., Chételat, G., Desgranges, B., Landeau, B., Young, A., Sayette, V. D. L., Eustache, F., & Piolino, P. (2009) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20601 · Cited by 68
“the posterior cingulate gyrus, have been associated with access to sensory-perceptual details, in particular via their role in mental visual imagery (Fletcher et al., 1995; Cavanna and Trimble, 2006).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Human Factor: Behavioral and Neural Correlates of Humanized Perception in Moral Decision Making
Majdandžić, J., Bauer, H., Windischberger, C., Moser, E., Engl, E., & Lamm, C. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047698 · Cited by 58
“The precuneus/PCC has been linked to generating subjective experiences from emotions [72], visual and memory-based imagery [59,81], self-referential thought [23,82], empathy [25,83,84,85], mentalizing [64], and perspective taking [85,86].”
BackgroundDanker, J. F., & Anderson, J. R. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.01.032 · Cited by 57
“that it serves a support role, such as in the strategic use of mental imagery (Fletcher et al., 1995; Rugg and Henson, 2002) or in working memory maintenance (Wagner et al.”
Keeping track of ‘alternative facts’: The neural correlates of processing misinformation corrections
Gordon, A., Susanne Quadflieg, A., Brooks, J. C. W., Ecker, U. K. H., & Lewandowsky, S. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.03.014 · Cited by 59
Sensory representations in primary visual cortex are not sufficient for subjective imagery
Cabbai, G., Racey, C., Simner, J., Dance, C., Ward, J., & Forster, S. (2024) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.062 · Cited by 76
Botzung, A., Denkova, E., Ciuciu, P., Scheiber, C., & Manning, L. (2008) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658210801931222 · Cited by 58
“These representations constitute the visual imagery characteristic of autobiographical remembering (Conway, 2001b; Fletcher et al., 1995; Greenberg & Rubin, 2003; Rubin & Greenberg, 1998).”
BackgroundAging-related changes of neural mechanisms underlying visual-spatial working memory
Piefke, M., Onur, O. A., & Fink, G. R. (2010) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.10.014 · Cited by 56
Bossong, M. G., Jager, G., van Hell, H. H., Zuurman, L., Jansma, J. M., Mehta, M. A., van Gerven, J., Kahn, R. S., & Ramsey, N. F. (2011) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00156 · Cited by 58
“…Gardini, Cornoldi, De Beni, & Venneri, 2006; Lundstrom, Ingvar, & Petersson, 2005; Gilboa, Winocur, Grady, Hevenor, & Moscovitch, 2004; Lundstrom et al., 2003; Burgess, Maguire, Spiers, & OʼKeefe, 2001; Henson, Rugg, Shallice, Josephs, & Dolan, 1999; Krause et al., 1999; Fletcher et al., 1995).”
Positron-emission tomography of brain regions activated by recognition of familiar music.
Satoh, M., Takeda, K., Nagata, K., Shimosegawa, E., & Kuzuhara, S. (2006) · PubMed Central · Cited by 60
Metadata
- Authors
- Fletcher, P. C., Frith, C. D., Baker, S. C., Shallice, T., Frackowiak, R. S. J., & Dolan, R. J.
- Affiliations
- The Royal Free Hospital (GB)
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1995-09
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 195-200
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1966326035
- Cited by
- 680
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 8.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- SDL (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- precuneus, visual imagery, episodic memory retrieval, paired associates, imageability, medial parietal cortex, regional cerebral blood flow
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention, Brain Mapping, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Imagination, Male, Paired-Associate Learning, Parietal Lobe, Mental Recall, Reference Values, Regional Blood Flow, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Visual Perception
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