Gender Differences among Smokers and Quitters in the Working Well Trial
Abstract
Background Gender differences in smoking and smoking cessation among participants in the Working Well Trial are characterized.Methods A prospective randomized matched-pair evaluation was conducted among 90 predominantly blue-collar worksites. Cross-sectional surveys of employees' tobacco use behaviors were conducted at baseline and after a 2.5-year smoking cessation intervention. Respondents included 5,523 females and 12,313 males at baseline and 4,663 females and 10,919 males at follow-up. The main outcome measures included self-reported continuous smoking abstinence rates for 7 days and for 6 months.Results Smoking prevalence was significantly higher for women than for men at baseline, but not at follow-up. Variables believed to influence smoking cessation were compared at baseline. Significant gender differences were found for number of cigarettes smoked/day, number of previous quit attempts, job strain, stage of change, and behavioral processes of change. At follow-up, no gender differences in quit rates were observed; however, women in the intervention condition were more likely to quit than women in the control condition, whereas no differences were seen among men by treatment condition.Conclusions Gender is not a strong predictor of smoking cessation in this population; however, women were more likely to quit with an intervention than without one.
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Some limited evidence suggests that the effects of smoke-free workplace policies may be larger in men than in women and among persons with greater education, but favorable effects were generally seen in all groups studied.
“Some limited evidence suggests that the effects of smoke-free workplace policies may be larger in men than in women and among persons with greater education, but favorable effects were generally seen in all groups studied.”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [432]
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- Authors
- Gritz, E. R., Thompson, B., Emmons, K., Ockene, J. K., McLerran, D. F., & Nielsen, I. R.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (US)
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gritz, Ellen R.
- Venue
- Preventive Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1998-07
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 553-561
- ISSN
- 0091-7435 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2010128583
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship@UMassChan (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5u01ca051686-06, 5u01ca051687-05, 5u01ca051671-05)
- National Cancer Institute (U01 CA51686, U01 CA51687, U01 CA51671)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Keywords
- gender differences, smoking cessation, smoking abstinence, tobacco use, smoking prevalence, smoking cessation interventions, blue-collar workers, job strain, stages of change, workplace health promotion
- MeSH terms
- Smoking Prevention, Adult, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gender Identity, Health Promotion, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Smoking, Smoking Cessation, Treatment Outcome, Workplace
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