Optimized Subretinal Injection Technique for Gene Therapy Approaches
Abstract
Gene therapy for inherited eye diseases requires local viral vector delivery by intraocular injection. Since large animal models are lacking for most of these diseases, genetically modified mouse models are commonly used in preclinical proof-of-concept studies. However, because of the relatively small mouse eye, adverse effects of the subretinal delivery procedure itself may interfere with the therapeutic outcome. The method described here aims to provide the details relevant to perform a transscleral pars plana virus-mediated gene transfer to achieve an optimized therapeutic effect in the small mouse eye.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Any reflux should be avoided because release of cells to the vitreous cavity can induce an immune response or lead to formation of epiretinal membranes.
“Ideally, any reflux should be avoided as release of cells to the vitreous cavity can induce an immune response or lead to the formation of epiretinal membranes (20, 26–29).”
From Subretinal therapy: technological solutions to surgical and immunological challenges (2022) · cites this paper as [29]
Cites
Safety and Efficacy of Gene Transfer for Leber's Congenital Amaurosis
Maguire, A. M., Simonelli, F., Pierce, E. A., Pugh, E. N., Mingozzi, F., Bennicelli, J., Banfi, S., Marshall, K. A., Testa, F., Surace, E. M., et al. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0802315 · Cited by 2,145 · see citing works
Russell, S., Bennett, J., Wellman, J. A., Chung, D. C., Yu, Z.-F., Tillman, A., Wittes, J., Pappas, J., Elci, O., McCague, S., et al. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31868-8 · Cited by 1,952 · see citing works
Hauswirth, W. W., Aleman, T. S., Kaushal, S., Cideciyan, A. V., Schwartz, S. B., Wang, L., Conlon, T. J., Boye, S. L., Flotte, T. R., Byrne, B. J., et al. (2008) · Human Gene Therapy · doi:10.1089/hum.2008.107 · Cited by 954 · see citing works
Lineage analysis in the vertebrate nervous system by retrovirus-mediated gene transfer.
Price, J., Turner, D., & Cepko, C. L. (1987) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.84.1.156 · Cited by 878 · see citing works
MacLaren, R. E., Groppe, M., Barnard, A. R., Cottriall, C. L., Tolmachova, T., Seymour, L., Clark, K. R., During, M. J., Cremers, F. P. M., Black, G. C. M., et al. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)62117-0 · Cited by 796 · see citing works
Cideciyan, A. V., Alemán, T. S., Boye, S. L., Schwartz, S., Kaushal, S., Román, A. J., Pang, J., Sumaroka, A., Windsor, E. A. M., Wilson, J. M., et al. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0807027105 · Cited by 674 · see citing works
Genetic Reactivation of Cone Photoreceptors Restores Visual Responses in Retinitis Pigmentosa
Busskamp, V., Duebel, J., Bálya, D., Fradot, M., Viney, T. J., Siegert, S., Groner, A. C., Cabuy, E., Forster, V., Seeliger, M. W., et al. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1190897 · Cited by 639 · see citing works
Self-citationThe molecular basis of human retinal and vitreoretinal diseases
Berger, W., Kloeckener‐Gruissem, B., & Neidhardt, J. (2010) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2010.03.004 · Cited by 589 · see citing works
Zhong, L., Li, B., Mah, C. S., Govindasamy, L., Agbandje-McKenna, M., Cooper, M., Herzog, R. W., Zolotukhin, I., Warrington, K. H., Weigel-Van Aken, K. A., et al. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0802866105 · Cited by 558 · see citing works
High-efficiency transduction of the mouse retina by tyrosine-mutant AAV serotype vectors
Petrs-Silva, H., Dinculescu, A., Li, Q., Min, S.-H., Chiodo, V., Pang, J.-J., Zhong, L., Zolotukhin, S., Srivastava, A., Lewin, A. S., et al. (2009) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1038/mt.2008.269 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Testa, F., Maguire, A. M., Rossi, S., Pierce, E. A., Melillo, P., Marshall, K. A., Banfi, S., Surace, E. M., Sun, J., Acerra, C., et al. (2013) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.11.048 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Cideciyan, A. V., Hauswirth, W. W., Aleman, T. S., Kaushal, S., Schwartz, S. B., Boye, S. L., Windsor, E. A. M., Conlon, T. J., Sumaroka, A., Pang, J.-J., et al. (2009) · Human Gene Therapy · doi:10.1089/hum.2009.086 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Allocca, M., Doria, M., Petrillo, M., Colella, P., Garcia-Hoyos, M., Gibbs, D., Kim, S. R., Maguire, A., Rex, T. S., Di Vicino, U., et al. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci34316 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Basic Biology of Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Vectors Used in Gene Therapy
Balakrishnan, B., & Jayandharan, G. (2014) · Current Gene Therapy · doi:10.2174/1566523214666140302193709 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
den Hollander, A. I., Black, A., Bennett, J., & Cremers, F. P. M. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci42258 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Michalakis, S., Mühlfriedel, R. L., Tanimoto, N., Krishnamoorthy, V., Koch, S., Fischer, M. D., Bećirović, E., Bai, L., Huber, G., Beck, S. C., et al. (2010) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1038/mt.2010.149 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Self-citationVersatility of AAV vectors for retinal gene transfer
Surace, E. M., & Auricchio, A. (2007) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/j.visres.2007.07.027 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
AAV-mediated gene therapy for retinal disorders: from mouse to man
Buch, P. K., Bainbridge, J. W., & Ali, R. R. (2008) · Gene Therapy · doi:10.1038/gt.2008.66 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Subretinal injections in rodent eyes: effects on electrophysiology and histology of rat retina.
Timmers, A. M., Zhang, H., Squitieri, A., & Gonzalez-Pola, C. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Pang, J.-J., Lauramore, A., Deng, W.-T., Li, Q., Doyle, T. J., Chiodo, V., Li, J., & Hauswirth, W. W. (2008) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/j.visres.2007.08.009 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Koch, S., Sothilingam, V., Garrido, M. G., Tanimoto, N., Bećirović, E., Koch, F., Seide, C., Beck, S. C., Seeliger, M. W., Biel, M., et al. (2012) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/dds290 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationJanßen, A., Min, S.-H., Molday, L. L., Tanimoto, N., Seeliger, M. W., Hauswirth, W. W., Molday, R. S., & Weber, B. H. F. (2008) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1038/mt.2008.57 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citationSchlichtenbrede, F. C., da Cruz, L., Stephens, C., Smith, A. J., Georgiadis, A., Thrasher, A. J., Bainbridge, J. W., Seeliger, M. W., & Ali, R. R. (2003) · The Journal of Gene Medicine · doi:10.1002/jgm.401 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationAdvances in AAV Vector Development for Gene Therapy in the Retina
Day, T. P., Byrne, L. C., Schaffer, D. V., & Flannery, J. G. (2014) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3209-8_86 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Intraocular Delivery of Recombinant Virus
Liang, F.-Q., Anand, V., Maguire, A. M., & Bennett, J. (2003) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1385/1-59259-085-3:125 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Technical brief: subretinal injection and electroporation into adult mouse eyes.
Johnson, C. J., Berglin, L., Chrenek, M. A., Redmond, T. M., Boatright, J. H., & Nickerson, J. M. (2008) · PubMed Central · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Retinal gene delivery by adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors: Strategies and applications
Schön, C., Biel, M., & Michalakis, S. (2015) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.01.009 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationFei, Y., & Hughes, T. E. (2001) · Visual Neuroscience · doi:10.1017/s0952523801184117 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Stable RAAV-Mediated Transduction of Rod and Cone Photoreceptors in the Canine Retina
Bainbridge, J. W. B., Mistry, A., Schlichtenbrede, F. C., Smith, A., Broderick, C., De Alwis, M., Georgiadis, A., Taylor, P. M., Squires, M., Sethi, C., et al. (2003) · Gene Therapy · doi:10.1038/sj.gt.3301990 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Palfi, A., Millington‐Ward, S., Chadderton, N., O’Reilly, M., Goldmann, T., Humphries, M. M., Li, T., Uwe Wolfrum, B., Humphries, P., Kenna, P. F., et al. (2009) · Human Gene Therapy · doi:10.1089/hum.2009.119 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Gene therapy for achromatopsia
Michalakis, S., Schön, C., Becirovic, E., & Biel, M. (2017) · The Journal of Gene Medicine · doi:10.1002/jgm.2944 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationMühlfriedel, R. L., Tanimoto, N., Schön, C., Sothilingam, V., Garrido, M. G., Beck, S. C., Huber, G., Biel, M., Seeliger, M. W., & Michalakis, S. (2017) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2017.00292 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationGene replacement therapy for retinal CNG channelopathies
Schön, C., Biel, M., & Michalakis, S. (2013) · Molecular Genetics and Genomics · doi:10.1007/s00438-013-0766-4 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationLhériteau, E., Libeau, L., Mendes-Madeira, A., Deschamps, J.-Y., Weber, M., Le Meur, G., Provost, N., Guihal, C., Moullier, P., & Rolling, F. (2010) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1038/mt.2010.46 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Subretinal injection techniques for retinal disease: A review
Irigoyen, C., Amenabar Alonso, A., Sanchez-Molina, J., Rodríguez-Hidalgo, M., Lara-López, A., & Ruiz-Ederra, J. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11164717 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Subretinal therapy: technological solutions to surgical and immunological challenges
Ladha, R., Caspers, L. E., Willermain, F., & de Smet, M. D. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.846782 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Tripepi, D., Jalil, A., Ally, N., Buzzi, M., Moussa, G., Rothschild, P.-R., Rossi, T., Ferrara, M., & Romano, M. R. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241310535 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Robotising vitreoretinal surgeries
Mi, H. F., MacLaren, R. E., & Cehajic‐Kapetanovic, J. (2024) · Eye · doi:10.1038/s41433-024-03149-3 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Meng, X., Jia, R., Zhao, X., Zhang, F., Chen, S., Yu, S., Liu, X., Dou, H., Feng, X., Zhang, J., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-48092-9 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Retina-directed gene therapy: Achievements and remaining challenges
Biber, J., Gandor, C. L. A., Bećirović, E., & Michalakis, S. (2025) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2025.108862 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationMaierhofer, N. A., Jablonka, A.-M., Roodaki, H., Nasseri, M. A., Eslami, A., Klaas, J. E., Lohmann, C. P., Maier, M. M., & Zapp, D. (2023) · Journal of Robotic Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11701-023-01699-4 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Tang, Z., Ma, H., Mao, Y., Ai, S., Zhang, P., Nie, C., Gao, Y., & Lu, R. (2019) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.03.034 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Wagner, J. E., Zobel, L., Gerhardt, M. J., O’Riordan, C. R., Frederick, A., Petersen‐Jones, S. M., Biel, M., & Michalakis, S. (2021) · Human Gene Therapy · doi:10.1089/hum.2021.121 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationDevelopment of a translatable gene augmentation therapy for CNGB1-retinitis pigmentosa
Occelli, L. M., Zobel, L., Stoddard, J., Wagner, J., Pasmanter, N., Querubin, J. R., Renner, L. M., Reynaga, R., Winkler, P. A., Sun, K., et al. (2023) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.04.005 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationMichalakis, S., Gerhardt, M.-J., Priglinger, C., & Priglinger, S. G. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-90495-5_150-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationMichalakis, S., Gerhardt, M.-J., Priglinger, C., & Priglinger, S. G. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-42634-7_150 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationA theoretical and experimental model of flow characteristics in subretinal injections
Ladha, R., Merveille, B., Wyns, R., Scheid, B., Willermain, F., & de Smet, M. D. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0344836
- Authors
- Mühlfriedel, R., Michalakis, S., Garrido, M. G., Sothilingam, V., Schön, C., Biel, M., & Seeliger, M. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Tübingen (DE)
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Mühlfriedel, Regine
- Venue
- Methods in Molecular Biology
- Publisher
- Springer New York
- Published
- 2019
- Volume
- 1834
- Pages
- 405-412
- ISSN
- 1064-3745 (ISSN-L)
- 1940-6029
- OpenAlex
- W2896481607
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 1.34
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Methods in molecular biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Virus-based gene therapy research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Keywords
- subretinal injection, gene therapy, viral gene delivery, hereditary eye disease, mouse model, retinal gene transfer
- MeSH terms
- Dependovirus, Animals, Genetic Vectors, Humans, Photoreceptor Cells, Retina, Genetic Therapy, Gene Transfer Techniques, Mice, Injections, Intraocular
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review