Cybersecurity Threats, Vulnerability and Analysis in Safety Critical Industrial Control System (ICS)

On the quantitative definition of risk

Kaplan, S., & Garrick, B. J. (1981) · Risk Analysis · doi:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1981.tb01350.x · Cited by 3,103 · see citing works

Engineering a Safer World: Systems Thinking Applied to Safety

Leveson, N. G. (2012) · doi:10.7551/mitpress/8179.001.0001 · Cited by 1,077 · see citing works

A review of cyber security risk assessment methods for SCADA systems

Cherdantseva, Y., Burnap, P., Blyth, A., Eden, P., Jones, K., Soulsby, H., & Stoddart, K. (2016) · Computers & Security · doi:10.1016/j.cose.2015.09.009 · Cited by 606 · see citing works

Security issues in SCADA networks

Igure, V. M., Laughter, S. A., & Williams, R. D. (2006) · Computers & Security · doi:10.1016/j.cose.2006.03.001 · Cited by 566 · see citing works

Cyber physical systems security: analysis, challenges and solutions

Ashibani, Y., & Mahmoud, Q. H. (2017) · Computers & Security · doi:10.1016/j.cose.2017.04.005 · Cited by 447 · see citing works

Introducing OCTAVE Allegro: Improving the Information Security Risk Assessment Process

Caralli, R. A., Stevens, J. F., Young, L. R., & Wilson, W. R. (2007) · doi:10.21236/ada470450 · Cited by 294 · see citing works

STPA-SafeSec: Safety and security analysis for cyber-physical systems

Friedberg, I., McLaughlin, K., Smith, P., Laverty, D., & Sezer, S. (2016) · Journal of Information Security and Applications · doi:10.1016/j.jisa.2016.05.008 · Cited by 237 · see citing works

A safety/security risk analysis approach of Industrial Control Systems: A cyber bowtie – combining new version of attack tree with bowtie analysis

Abdo, H., Kaouk, M., Flaus, J., & Massé, F. (2017) · Computers & Security · doi:10.1016/j.cose.2017.09.004 · Cited by 180 · see citing works

The Diamond Model of Intrusion Analysis

Caltagirone, S., Pendergast, A., & Betz, C. (2013) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.31143.56481 · Cited by 151 · see citing works

Cybersecurity: Risks, vulnerabilities and countermeasures to prevent social engineering attacks

Conteh, N. Y., & Schmick, P. J. (2016) · International Journal of Advanced Computer Research · doi:10.19101/ijacr.2016.623006 · Cited by 147 · see citing works

Extending and Automating a Systems-Theoretic Hazard Analysis for Requirements Generation and Analysis

(NNSA), U. N. N. S. A., Thomas, J., & Sandia National Labs., A. (2012) · doi:10.2172/1044959 · Cited by 146 · see citing works

Power System Reliability Evaluation Considering Load Redistribution Attacks

Xiang, Y., Ding, Z., Zhang, Y., & Wang, L. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid · doi:10.1109/tsg.2016.2569589 · Cited by 110 · see citing works

Cybersecurity risk analysis model using fault tree analysis and fuzzy decision theory

de Gusmão, A. P. H., Silva, M. M., Poleto, T., Silva, L. C. E., & Costa, A. P. C. S. (2018) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.08.008 · Cited by 109 · see citing works

Development of a cyber security risk model using Bayesian networks

Shin, J., Son, H., Ur, R. K., & Heo, G. (2014) · Reliability Engineering & System Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ress.2014.10.006 · Cited by 100 · see citing works

Cybersecurity Risks, Vulnerabilities, and Countermeasures to Prevent Social Engineering Attacks

Conteh, N. Y., & Schmick, P. J. (2021) · Advances in information security, privacy, and ethics book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-6504-9.ch002 · Cited by 95 · see citing works

Inclusion of SCADA Cyber Vulnerability in Power System Reliability Assessment Considering Optimal Resources Allocation

Zhang, Y., Wang, L., Xiang, Y., & Ten, C. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Power Systems · doi:10.1109/tpwrs.2015.2510626 · Cited by 84 · see citing works

Security analysis of an advanced metering infrastructure

Hansen, A., Staggs, J., & Shenoi, S. (2017) · International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection · doi:10.1016/j.ijcip.2017.03.004 · Cited by 83 · see citing works

Security issues in SCADA based industrial control systems

Babu, B., Ijyas, T., Muneer, P., & Varghese, J. (2017) · 2017 2nd International Conference on Anti-Cyber Crimes (ICACC) · doi:10.1109/anti-cybercrime.2017.7905261 · Cited by 73 · see citing works

Model-based security analysis of a water treatment system

Kang, E., Adepu, S., Jackson, D. N., & Mathur, A. P. (2016) · IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Software Engineering for Smart Cyber-Physical Systems (SEsCPS) · doi:10.1145/2897035.2897041 · Cited by 69 · see citing works

Exiting the Risk Assessment Maze

Gritzalis, D. A., Iseppi, G., Mylonas, A., & Stavrou, V. (2018) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/3145905 · Cited by 66 · see citing works

Cyber Security Risk Evaluation of a Nuclear I&C Using BN and ET

Shin, J., Son, H., & Heo, G. (2016) · Nuclear Engineering and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.net.2016.11.004 · Cited by 50 · see citing works

An overview of cyber-attack vectors on SCADA systems

Irmak, E., & Erkek, İ. (2018) · International Symposium on Digital Forensic and Security (ISDFS) · doi:10.1109/isdfs.2018.8355379 · Cited by 48 · see citing works

A CYBER SECURITY RISK ASSESSMENT FOR THE DESIGN OF I&C SYSTEMS IN NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

Song, J.-G., Lee, J., Lee, C.-K., Kwon, K.-C., & Lee, D.-Y. (2012) · Nuclear Engineering and Technology · doi:10.5516/net.04.2011.065 · Cited by 48 · see citing works

Risk assessment method for cybersecurity of cyber-physical systems based on inter-dependency of vulnerabilities

Wu, W., Kang, R., & Li, Z. (2015) · IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM) · doi:10.1109/ieem.2015.7385921 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

Cyber safety : a systems thinking and systems theory approach to managing cyber security risks

Salim, H. M. (2014) · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Development of Field Programmable Gate Array-based Reactor Trip Functions Using Systems Engineering Approach

Jung, J.-C., & Ahmed, I. (2016) · Nuclear Engineering and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.net.2016.02.011 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Cyber Security Risk Assessment for Industrial Automation Platform

Zheng, Y., & Zheng, S. M. (2015) · International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing (IIH-MSP) · doi:10.1109/iih-msp.2015.58 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Reliability analysis of cyber-physical systems considering cyber-attacks

Fang, Z., Mo, H., & Wang, Y. (2017) · doi:10.1109/ieem.2017.8289913 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Combining Artificial Intelligence planning advantages to assist preliminary formal analysis on Industrial Control System cybersecurity vulnerabilities

Lou, X., Waedt, K., Gao, Y., Zid, I. B., & Watson, V. (2018) · International Conference on Electronics, Computers and Artificial Intelligence (ECAI) · doi:10.1109/ecai.2018.8678949 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

A Threat-Vulnerability Based Risk Analysis Model for Cyber Physical System Security

Ledwaba, L. P. I., & Venter, H. S. (2017) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.24251/hicss.2017.720 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Using a systems-theoretic approach to analyze cyber attacks on cyber-physical systems

Whyte, D. L. (2017) · DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Cybersecurity Analysis of Industrial Control System Functionality

Lou, X., Waedt, K., Schürmann, T., Kaufhold, H., Watson, V., & Gupta, D. (2019) · IEEE International Conference on Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS) · doi:10.1109/icphys.2019.8780260 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Understanding Indicators of Compromise against Cyber-attacks in Industrial Control Systems: A Security Perspective

Asiri, M., Saxena, N., Gjomemo, R., & Burnap, P. (2023) · ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems · doi:10.1145/3587255 · Cited by 84 · see citing works

Encouraging Safety 4.0 to enhance industrial culture: An extensive study of its technologies, roles, and challenges

Haleem, A., Javaid, M., & Singh, R. P. (2024) · Green Technologies and Sustainability · doi:10.1016/j.grets.2024.100158 · Cited by 51 · see citing works

Cybersecurity Risk Assessment Based on Cognitive Attack Vector Modeling with CVSS Score

Vasilyev, V., Kirillova, A., Vulfin, A., & Nikonov, A. (2021) · International Conference on Information Technology and Nanotechnology (ITNT) · doi:10.1109/itnt52450.2021.9649191 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Operational Resilience Metrics for Complex Inter-Dependent Electrical Networks

Tofani, A., D’Agostino, G., Pietro, A. D., Giovinazzi, S., Pollino, M., Rosato, V., & Alessandroni, S. (2021) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app11135842 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Towards enhanced cybersecurity in industrial control systems: a systematic review of context-based modeling, digital twins, and machine learning approaches

Abraham, D., Erceylan, G., Gkioulos, V., & Houmb, S. H. (2025) · International Journal of Information Security · doi:10.1007/s10207-025-01158-1 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Impact of Feature Encoding on Malware Classification Explainability

Manai, E., Mejri, M., & Fattahi, J. (2023) · International Conference on Electronics, Computers and Artificial Intelligence (ECAI) · doi:10.1109/ecai58194.2023.10193964 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

A Holistic Review of Fuzzing for Vulnerability Assessment in Industrial Network Protocols

Reda, A. M., Moustafa, N., & Lakshika, E. (2025) · IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society · doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2025.3569291 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Comparative Analysis of Power and Hardware Utilization of FPGA Using RSA Algorithm

Shrivastava, S., Bhardwaj, V., & Kaur, A. (2024) · International Conference on E-mobility, Power Control and Smart Systems (ICEMPS) · doi:10.1109/icemps60684.2024.10559362 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

ShieldFlow: a novel framework for OT cybersecurity in the context of industry 4.0

Ghoson, N. H., Benfriha, K., Meyrueis, V., Guiltat, T., & Zant, C. E. (2025) · International Journal of Information Security · doi:10.1007/s10207-025-01083-3 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Machine Learning Techniques for Anomaly Detection in the Hydra Testbed: A Data-Driven Defense Strategy

Bonagura, V., Pisani, J., Ferrato, A., Foglietta, C., Cavone, G., & Pascucci, F. (2025) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-84260-3_20 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

TFVDFuzzer: Transformer-based Fuzzing Framework for Vulnerability Detection in Modbus Protocol

Reda, A. M., Moustafa, N., & Lakshika, E. (2025) · Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust · doi:10.1109/pst65910.2025.11268882

Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity and the Future of Industrial Systems Protection

Nyikes, Z. (2026) · Advanced sciences and technologies for security applications · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-14058-6_24

AI-powered ransomware prediction and prevention for industrial control systems (ICS)

Ali, L. (2026) · World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences · doi:10.30574/wjaets.2026.19.3.0330

A logic-based framework for the security analysis of Industrial Control Systems

Lemaire, L., Vossaert, J., Jansen, J., & Naessens, V. (2017) · Automatic Control and Computer Sciences · doi:10.3103/s0146411617020055 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

CYBERSECURITY ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

Shikhaliyev, R. (2023) · Problems of Information Society · doi:10.25045/jpis.v14.i2.06 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Forensic Attacks Analysis and the Cyber Security of Safety-Critical Industrial Control Systems

Johnson, C., Harkness, R., & Evangelopoulou, M. (2017) · Journal of System Safety · doi:10.56094/jss.v53i1.102 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Cybersecurity Analysis of Industrial Control System Functionality

Lou, X., Waedt, K., Schürmann, T., Kaufhold, H., Watson, V., & Gupta, D. (2019) · IEEE International Conference on Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS) · doi:10.1109/icphys.2019.8780260 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Analysis of cyber security for industrial control systems

Drias, Z., Serhrouchni, A., & Vogel, O. (2015) · International Conference on Security of Smart Cities, Industrial Control System and Communications (SSIC) · doi:10.1109/ssic.2015.7245330 · Cited by 89 · see citing works