Prevalence, Incidence, and Rates of Contract Cheating
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Complex cases of fraud, such as contract cheating, continue to create unequal opportunities and outcomes.
“complex cases of fraud, such as contract cheating, continue to create unequal opportunities and outcomes (Curtis & Clare, 2024; Daly & Ryan, 2024)”
From Simple techniques to bypass GenAI text detectors: implications for inclusive education (2024) · cites this paper as Curtis & Clare, 2024
Cites
The “false consensus effect”: An egocentric bias in social perception and attribution processes
Ross, L., Greene, D., & House, P. (1977) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(77)90049-x · Cited by 3,139 · see citing works
Sensitive questions in surveys.
Tourangeau, R., & Yan, T. (2007) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.5.859 · Cited by 3,057 · see citing works
Determinants of social desirability bias in sensitive surveys: a literature review
Krumpal, I. (2013) · Quality & Quantity · doi:10.1007/s11135-011-9640-9 · Cited by 2,860 · see citing works
The bogus pipeline: A new paradigm for measuring affect and attitude.
JONES, E. E., & Sigall, H. (1971) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0031617 · Cited by 586 · see citing works
A Bayesian Truth Serum for Subjective Data
Prelec, D. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1102081 · Cited by 530 · see citing works
Contract cheating: a survey of australian university students
Bretag, T., Harper, R., Burton, M., Ellis, C., Newton, P., Rozenberg, P., Saddiqui, S., & van Haeringen, K. (2019) · Studies in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/03075079.2018.1462788 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
On Exploring the "Dark Figure" of Crime
Biderman, A. D., & Reiss, A. J. J. (1967) · The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science · doi:10.1177/000271626737400102 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
The Impact of Anonymity on Responses to Sensitive Questions1
Ong, A. D., & Weiss, D. (2000) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2000.tb02462.x · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Contract cheating by STEM students through a file sharing website: a Covid-19 pandemic perspective
Lancaster, T., & Cotarlan, C. (2021) · International Journal for Educational Integrity · doi:10.1007/s40979-021-00070-0 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Newton, P. M. (2018) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2018.00067 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
McCabe, D. (2017) · doi:10.1353/book.18818 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Academic Misconduct within Higher Education in Canada
Hughes, J., & McCabe, D. L. (2006) · Canadian Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.47678/cjhe.v36i2.183537 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
How Prevalent is Contract Cheating and to What Extent are Students Repeat Offenders?
Curtis, G. J., & Clare, J. (2017) · Journal of Academic Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10805-017-9278-x · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Self-citationContract cheating: a survey of Australian university staff
Harper, R., Bretag, T., Ellis, C., Newton, P. M., Rozenberg, P., Saddiqui, S., & van Haeringen, K. (2018) · Studies in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/03075079.2018.1462789 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Professed attitudes and actual behavior.
Corey, S. M. (1937) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0056871 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Does culture influence understanding and perceived seriousness of plagiarism?
Maxwell, A., Curtis, G. J., & Vardanega, L. (2008) · International Journal for Educational Integrity · doi:10.21913/ijei.v4i2.412 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Self-citationContract cheating & the market in essays
Rigby, D., Burton, M. P., Balcombe, K., Bateman, I. J., & Mulatu, A. (2014) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2014.12.019 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Curtis, G. J., McNeill, M. A., Slade, C., Tremayne, K. S., Harper, R., Rundle, K., & Greenaway, R. (2021) · Studies in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/03075079.2021.1972093 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Self-citationClare, J., Walker, S., & Hobson, J. (2017) · International Journal for Educational Integrity · doi:10.1007/s40979-017-0015-4 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationQuantifying evidence in forensic authorship analysis
Grant, T. (2007) · International Journal of Speech Language and the Law · doi:10.1558/ijsll.v14i1.1 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Assignment outsourcing: moving beyond contract cheating
Awdry, R. (2020) · Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/02602938.2020.1765311 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
A Strong Validation of the Crosswise Model Using Experimentally-Induced Cheating Behavior.
Hoffmann, A., Diedenhofen, B., Verschuere, B., & Musch, J. (2015) · Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1027/1618-3169/a000304 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Cheating Academic Integrity: Lessons from 30 Years of Research
Furr, L. A. (2022) · The Department Chair · doi:10.1002/dch.30502 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Plagiarism among Local and Asian Students in Australia
Maxwell, A., Curtis, G. J., & Vardanega, L. (2006) · Murdoch University Research Portal · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationDissecting the Prevalence and Incidence of Offending During the Crime Drop of the 1990s
Berg, M. T., Baumer, E. P., Rosenfeld, R., & Loeber, R. (2016) · Journal of Quantitative Criminology · doi:10.1007/s10940-016-9289-6 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Attitude change and the public–private attitude distinction
MacDonald, G., & Nail, P. R. (2005) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466604x23437 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Applying Situational Crime Prevention Techniques to Contract Cheating
Clare, J. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-12680-2_11 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationLimitations of Contract Cheating Research
Krásničan, V., Foltýnek, T., & Dlabolová, D. H. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-12680-2_3 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Spanish contract cheating website marketing through search engine advertisements
Forgas, R. C., Sureda-Negre, J., & Morey-López, M. (2020) · Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/02602938.2020.1841091 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Wlömert, N., Pellenwessel, D., Fox, J., & Clément, M. (2018) · Journal of Survey Statistics and Methodology · doi:10.1093/jssam/smy013 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Bernasco, W., Lammers, M., Menting, B., & Ruiter, S. (2020) · European Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1177/1477370820941422 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Clare, J., & Rundle, K. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-12680-2_2 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Simple techniques to bypass GenAI text detectors: implications for inclusive education
Perkins, M., Roe, J., Vu, B. H., Postma, D., Hickerson, D., McGaughran, J., & Khuat, H. Q. (2024) · International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education · doi:10.1186/s41239-024-00487-w · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Second Handbook of Academic Integrity
Eaton, S. E. (2024) · Springer international handbooks of education · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-54144-5 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Curtis, G. J. (2025) · Higher Education Research & Development · doi:10.1080/07294360.2025.2476516 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationGuruge, D. B., Kadel, R., Shailendra, S., & Sharma, A. (2025) · Societies · doi:10.3390/soc15010011 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Groves, A., & Nagy, V. M. (2025) · Higher Education Policy · doi:10.1057/s41307-025-00402-6
Tang, G., Eaton, S. E., & Cai, W. (2026) · British Educational Research Journal · doi:10.1002/berj.70130
- Authors
- Curtis, G. J., & Clare, J.
- Affiliations
- The University of Western Australia (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Curtis, Guy J.
- Venue
- Springer International Handbooks of Education
- Publisher
- Springer Nature Switzerland
- Published
- 2024
- Pages
- 681-696
- ISSN
- 2197-1951 (ISSN-L)
- 2197-196X
- OpenAlex
- W4391981611
- Cited by
- 6
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2
- FWCI
- 8.50
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Springer international handbooks of education (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Academic integrity and plagiarism
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Corruption and Economic Development
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Benford’s Law and Fraud Detection
- Keywords
- contract cheating, academic integrity, prevalence, incidence, higher education, academic dishonesty, data sources, research methodology critique
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
