Against Leben’s Rawlsian collision algorithm for autonomous vehicles

Theory of games and economic behavior

Garcia, S. R., & Miller, S. J. (2019) · American Mathematical Society eBooks · doi:10.1090/mbk/121/32 · Cited by 16,777 · see citing works

A Theory of Justice: Original Edition

Rawls, J. (1971) · doi:10.4159/9780674042605 · Cited by 9,496 · see citing works

Justice as Fairness

Rawls, J. (1958) · The Philosophical Review · doi:10.2307/2182612 · Cited by 5,583 · see citing works

Theory of Games and Economic Behavior

N., E., von Neumann, J., & Morgenstern, O. (1945) · The Journal of Philosophy · doi:10.2307/2019327 · Cited by 4,042 · see citing works

Justice as Fairness: A Restatement

Metz, T., Rawls, J., & Kelly, E. I. (2002) · The Philosophical Review · doi:10.2307/1556442 · Cited by 3,586 · see citing works

What We Owe to Each Other

Scanlon, T. (2000) · Harvard University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctv134vmrn · Cited by 3,053 · see citing works

The social dilemma of autonomous vehicles

Bonnefon, J.-F., Shariff, A., & Rahwan, I. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaf2654 · Cited by 1,527 · see citing works

Cardinal Utility in Welfare Economics and in the Theory of Risk-taking

Harsanyi, J. C. (1953) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/257416 · Cited by 1,157 · see citing works

Cardinal Utility in Welfare Economics and in the Theory of Risk-Taking

Harsanyi, J. C. (1980) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-010-9327-9_1 · Cited by 703 · see citing works

Equity, Arrow's Conditions, and Rawls' Difference Principle

Hammond, P. J. (1976) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1913445 · Cited by 598 · see citing works

Comparing Harms: Headaches and Human Lives

Norcross, A. (1997) · Philosophy &amp Public Affairs · doi:10.1111/j.1088-4963.1997.tb00079.x · Cited by 323 · see citing works

Ethical Decision Making during Automated Vehicle Crashes

Goodall, N. J. (2014) · Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board · doi:10.3141/2424-07 · Cited by 292 · see citing works

Why Ethics Matters for Autonomous Cars

Lin, P. K. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48847-8_4 · Cited by 276 · see citing works

Welfare inequalities and Rawlsian axiomatics

Sen, A. K. (1976) · Theory and Decision · doi:10.1007/bf00135080 · Cited by 184 · see citing works

Justifiability to Each Person

Parfit, D. (2003) · Ratio · doi:10.1046/j.1467-9329.2003.00229.x · Cited by 156 · see citing works

A Rawlsian algorithm for autonomous vehicles

Leben, D. (2017) · Ethics and Information Technology · doi:10.1007/s10676-017-9419-3 · Cited by 141 · see citing works

Saving Lives, Moral Theory, and the Claims of Individuals

Otsuka, M. (2006) · Philosophy &amp Public Affairs · doi:10.1111/j.1088-4963.2006.00058.x · Cited by 97 · see citing works

Prioritarianism and the Separateness of Persons

Otsuka, M. (2012) · Utilitas · doi:10.1017/s0953820812000064 · Cited by 35 · see citing works

Should the probabilities count?

Rasmussen, K. B. (2011) · Philosophical Studies · doi:10.1007/s11098-011-9698-1 · Cited by 28 · see citing works

Legal Necessity, Pareto Efficiency & Justified Killing in Autonomous Vehicle Collisions

Keeling, G. (2018) · Ethical Theory and Moral Practice · doi:10.1007/s10677-018-9887-5 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

Commentary: Using Virtual Reality to Assess Ethical Decisions in Road Traffic Scenarios: Applicability of Value-of-Life-Based Models and Influences of Time Pressure

Keeling, G. (2017) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00247 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Probabilities in Tragic Choices

Rivera‐López, E. (2008) · Utilitas · doi:10.1017/s0953820808003178 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Ethical issues in focus by the autonomous vehicles industry

Martinho, A. M., Herber, N., Kroesen, M., & Chorus, C. G. (2021) · Transport Reviews · doi:10.1080/01441647.2020.1862355 · Cited by 160 · see citing works

Autonomous Driving Ethics: from Trolley Problem to Ethics of Risk

Geisslinger, M., Poszler, F., Betz, J., Lütge, C., & Lienkamp, M. (2021) · Philosophy & Technology · doi:10.1007/s13347-021-00449-4 · Cited by 134 · see citing works

Why Trolley Problems Matter for the Ethics of Automated Vehicles

Keeling, G. (2019) · Science and Engineering Ethics · doi:10.1007/s11948-019-00096-1 · Cited by 98 · see citing works

The ethics of crashes with self‐driving cars: A roadmap, I

Nyholm, S. (2018) · Philosophy Compass · doi:10.1111/phc3.12507 · Cited by 95 · see citing works

Applying ethical theories to the decision-making of self-driving vehicles: A systematic review and integration of the literature

Poszler, F., Geisslinger, M., Betz, J., & Lütge, C. (2023) · Technology in Society · doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2023.102350 · Cited by 38 · see citing works

Safety requirements vs. crashing ethically: what matters most for policies on autonomous vehicles

Lundgren, B. (2020) · AI & Society · doi:10.1007/s00146-020-00964-6 · Cited by 35 · see citing works

Reconstructing AI Ethics Principles: Rawlsian Ethics of Artificial Intelligence

Westerstrand, S. (2024) · Science and Engineering Ethics · doi:10.1007/s11948-024-00507-y · Cited by 36 · see citing works

Four Perspectives on What Matters for the Ethics of Automated Vehicles

Keeling, G., Evans, K., Thornton, S. M., Mecacci, G., & de Sio, F. S. (2019) · Lecture notes in mobility · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-22933-7_6 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Rawls’s Original Position and Algorithmic Fairness

Franke, U. (2021) · Philosophy & Technology · doi:10.1007/s13347-021-00488-x · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Fairness in AI systems development: EU AI Act compliance and beyond

Westerstrand, S. (2025) · Information and Software Technology · doi:10.1016/j.infsof.2025.107864 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Ethical Decision-Making in Older Drivers During Critical Driving Situations: An Online Experiment

Singh, A., Yahoodik, S., Murzello, Y., Petkac, S., Yamani, Y., & Samuel, S. (2024) · Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles · doi:10.26599/jicv.2023.9210031 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Exploring moral algorithm preferences in autonomous vehicle dilemmas: an empirical study

Sui, T. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1229245 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Moral decision making: Explainable insights into the role of working memory in autonomous driving

Singh, A., Murzello, Y., Lee, H., Abdalla, S., & Samuel, S. (2024) · Machine Learning with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.mlwa.2024.100599 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

The Ethics of Automated Vehicles

Keeling, G. (2020) · Bristol Research (University of Bristol) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.28316.10889 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Classification of Moral Decision Making in Autonomous Driving: Efficacy of Boosting Procedures

Singh, A., Murzello, Y., Pokhrel, S., & Samuel, S. (2024) · Information · doi:10.3390/info15090562 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Ethics in the Driver's Seat: Unravelling the Ethical Dilemmas of AI in Autonomous Driving

Wani, A., Kumari, D., & Singh, J. (2024) · SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series · doi:10.4271/2024-01-2023 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

‘Toward a Global Social Contract for Trade’ - a Rawlsian approach to Blockchain Systems Design and Responsible Trade Facilitation in the New Bretton Woods era

Lim, A., & Pan, E. (2021) · Journal of Responsible Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jrt.2021.100011 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Unavoidable Collisions. The Automation of Moral Judgment

Fossa, F. (2023) · Studies in applied philosophy, epistemology and rational ethics · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-22982-4_4 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Rawlsian Algorithmic Fairness and a Missing Aggregation Property of the Difference Principle

Franke, U. (2024) · Philosophy & Technology · doi:10.1007/s13347-024-00779-z · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Moral Dilemmas in the A.I. Era: A New Approach

Sommaggio, P., & Marchiori, S. (2020) · Institutional Research Information System (Università degli Studi di Trento) · doi:10.14658/pupj-jelt-2020-1-5 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Towards just democracies in the age of pervasive digital systems—a Rawlsian approach

Westerstrand, S. (2025) · AI & Society · doi:10.1007/s00146-025-02503-7 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Fairness in AI Systems Development: Beyond EU AI Act Compliance

Westerstrand, S. (2025) · Lecture notes in business information processing · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-85849-9_9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Unfallalgorithmen

Schäffner, V. (2024) · Verlag Karl Alber eBooks · doi:10.5771/9783495992043

The Implementation of Ethical Decision Procedures in Autonomous Systems : the Case of the Autonomous Vehicle

Evans, K. (2021) · doi:10.70675/77343456z9d12z4417z8715z2fce53011344 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

A Rawlsian algorithm for autonomous vehicles

Leben, D. (2017) · Ethics and Information Technology · doi:10.1007/s10676-017-9419-3 · Cited by 141 · see citing works

The risk ethics of autonomous vehicles

Krügel, S., Uhl, M., & München, T. U. (2024)

The risk ethics of autonomous vehicles: a continuous trolley problem in regular road trafficPreprint

Krügel, S., & Uhl, M. (2022) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2206.03258

Wenn Ethik zum Programm wird: Eine risikoethische Analyse moralischer Dilemmata des autonomen Fahrens

Schäffner, V. (2020) · Zeitschrift für Ethik und Moralphilosophie · doi:10.1007/s42048-020-00061-9 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

A Car that Kills: Predicting the Fairness of Moral Dilemmas in Autonomous Vehicles

Pijkeren, T. (2017)