Plasma islet amyloid polypeptide (Amylin) levels and their responses to oral glucose in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients
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Fasting plasma islet amyloid polypeptide concentrations and their responses to an oral glucose load were determined in non-diabetic control subjects and patients with abnormal glucose tolerance in relation to the responses of insulin or C-peptide. Plasma islet amyloid polypeptide was measured by radioimmunoassay. In the non-diabetic control subjects, fasting plasma islet amyloid polypeptide was 6.4 +/- 0.5 fmol/ml (mean +/- SEM) and was about 1/7 less in molar basis than in insulin. The fasting islet amyloid polypeptide level rose in obese patients and fell in patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. In non-obese patients with impaired glucose tolerance and Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients without insulin therapy, the level was equal to that of the control subjects, but a low concentration of islet amyloid polypeptide relative to insulin or C-peptide was observed in the non-obese Type 2 diabetic group. The patterns of plasma islet amyloid polypeptide responses after oral glucose were similar to those of insulin or C-peptide. However, compared to non-obese patients, a hyper-response of islet amyloid polypeptide relative to C-peptide was noted in obese patients who had a hyper-response of insulin relative to C-peptide. This study suggests that basal hypo-secretion of islet amyloid polypeptide relative to insulin exists in non-obese Type 2 diabetes and that circulating islet amyloid polypeptide may act physiologically with insulin to modulate the glucose metabolism.
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Circulating amylin levels are higher in humans and animal models of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
“Higher levels of circulating amylin were found in humans and animal models of obesity and type 2 diabetes (24, 88, 151, 184).”
From The Activity of Peptides of the Calcitonin Family in Bone (2019) · cites this paper as [184]
The Fasting plasma IAPP concentration results report significantly higher levels in obese human patients with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes than in non-obese controls. They report no significant increase in non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes, and this human study provides no evidence about animal models. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn established Type 2 diabetes, there is inefficient proinsulin processing to insulin and a reduction in the release of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP)/amylin.
“inefficient proinsulin processing to insulin [77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83] and a reduction in the release of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), known also as amylin [84, 85, 86, 87], have been observed in established Type 2 diabetes.”
From The relative contributions of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (2003) · cites this paper as [84]
The same parallelism between insulin and IAPP is present in humans in response to glucose and arginine over a broad range of glucose concentrations, with IAPP release being reduced in Type 2 diabetes.
“This same parallelism is present in humans in response to both glucose [106, 118] and arginine over a broad range of glucose concentrations [119] with IAPP release being reduced in Type 2 diabetes [84, 85, 86, 87].”
From The relative contributions of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (2003) · cites this paper as [84]
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- Authors
- Sanke, T., Hanabusa, T., Nakano, Y., Oki, C., Okai, K., Nishimura, S., Kondo, M., & Nanjo, K.
- Affiliations
- Wakayama Medical University (JP)
- ORCID
- Nakano, Y.
- Venue
- Diabetologia
- Published
- 1991-02
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 129-132
- ISSN
- 0012-186X (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0428
- OpenAlex
- W2068477603
- Semantic Scholar
- d88567b1f457dd9ca8c23445347e0af33bd8c73f
- Cited by
- 149
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 16.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Diabetologia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
- Keywords
- amylin, type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, oral glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, C-peptide, obesity, glucose metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Amyloid, Blood Glucose, C-Peptide, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Fasting, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Insulin, Middle Aged, Reference Values, Biomarkers, Islet Amyloid Polypeptide
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