The cleavage initiation site establishes the posterior pole of the hydrozoan embryo
Abstract
When the first cleavage of the hydrozoan egg is reversibly suppressed, two cleavage furrows frequently form simultaneously at the time of the second cleavage. If these two cleavage initiation sites are far enough apart, each one specifies a site of gastrulation, and the embryo that forms develops into a two tailed planula larva. When two tailed planulae are induced to metamorphose, they form a polyp with two stalks and hydranths.
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In Hydrozoa, the animal pole, where first unipolar cleavage begins, marks the future planula's posterior end (the polyp oral pole).
“In these studies, it was demonstrated convincingly that the site where the first unipolar cleavage starts (animal pole) defines the posterior end of the future planula larva (or oral pole of the polyps; Tessier, 1931;Freeman, 1981Freeman, , 1990)).”
From Conservation of Hox/ParaHox-Related Genes in the Early Development of a Cnidarian (2001) · cites this paper as Freeman, 1981
In radially symmetric cnidarians and biradially symmetric Ctenophora, the egg's animal pole becomes the larva's posterior pole.
“In the so-called radially symmetric cnidarian and the biradially symmetric Ctenophora, the animal pole of the egg will give rise to the posterior pole of the larva (Tessier, 1931;Mergner, 1971;Freeman, 1981).”
From Conservation of Hox/ParaHox-Related Genes in the Early Development of a Cnidarian (2001) · cites this paper as Freeman, 1981
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- Authors
- Freeman, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Freeman, Gary
- Venue
- Wilhelm Roux's Archives of Developmental Biology
- Published
- 1981
- Volume
- 190
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 123-125
- ISSN
- 0043-5546 (ISSN-L)
- 0340-0794
- 1432-041X
- OpenAlex
- W2081529332
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 0.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Development Genes and Evolution (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Planarian Biology and Electrostimulation
- Keywords
- first cleavage, cleavage furrow, planula larvae, metamorphosis, polyp development, hydranth
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