Regulation of nitrate and nitrite reductase synthesis in enterobacteria
Abstract
Enterobacteria use nitrate and nitrite both as electron acceptors and as sources of nitrogen for biosynthesis. Nitrate is reduced through nitrite to ammonium in both cases. The enzymes and structural genes for nitrate/nitrite respiration and assimilation are distinct, and are subject to different patterns of regulation. Respiratory enzyme synthesis is indifferent to the availability of ammonium, and is induced by anaerobiosis via the FNR protein. Respiratory enzyme synthesis is further induced by nitrate or nitrite via the NARL and NARP proteins, which are response regulators of two-component regulatory systems. The cognate sensor proteins NARX and NARQ monitor the availability of nitrate and nitrite, and control the activity of the NARL and NARP DNA-binding proteins accordingly. Additionally, nitrate represses the synthesis of respiratory nitrite reductase, and this control is mediated by the NARL protein. Assimilatory enzyme synthesis is indifferent to the availability of oxygen, and is induced by ammonium limitation via the NTRC protein. Assimilatory enzyme synthesis is further induced by nitrate or nitrite via the NASR protein, which may act as a transcription antiterminator. Even though the respiratory and assimilatory enzyme systems are genetically distinct and subject to different forms of regulation, the structural and regulatory genes are closely linked on the Klebsiella pneumoniae chromosome.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The DNRA nitrate reductase nap shares some regulatory elements with nar such as the oxygen-dependent FNR.
“Comparatively, while the DNRA nitrate reductase, nap, shares some regulatory elements with nar such as the oxygen-dependent FNR[77,256,261–264]”
From Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health (2017) · cites this paper as [261]
Cites
Protein phosphorylation and regulation of adaptive responses in bacteria.
Stock, J. B., Ninfa, A., & Stock, A. M. (1989) · Microbiological reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.53.4.450-490.1989 · Cited by 1,507 · see citing works
Protein phosphorylation and regulation of adaptive responses in bacteria
Stock, J., Ninfa, A. J., & Stock, A. (1989) · Microbiological Reviews · doi:10.1128/mr.53.4.450-490.1989 · Cited by 1,496 · see citing works
COMMUNICATION MODULES IN BACTERIAL SIGNALING PROTEINS
Parkinson, J. S., & Kofoid, E. (1992) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ge.26.120192.000443 · Cited by 1,450 · see citing works
Nitrate respiration in relation to facultative metabolism in enterobacteria
Stewart, V. J. (1988) · Microbiological Reviews · doi:10.1128/mr.52.2.190-232.1988 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
Hoover, T. R., Santero, E., Porter, S. C., & Kustu, S. G. (1990) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(90)90284-l · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Rabin, R. S., & Stewart, V. J. (1993) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.175.11.3259-3268.1993 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Houman, F., Díaz-Torres, M. R., & Wright, A. (1990) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(90)90392-r · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Requirement of Fnr and NarL functions for nitrate reductase expression in Escherichia coli K-12
Stewart, V. J. (1982) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.151.3.1320-1325.1982 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Nitrate regulation of anaerobic respiratory gene expression in <i>Escherichia coli</i>
Stewart, V. (1993) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01704.x · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Structure and function of a periplasmic nitrate reductase in Alcaligenes eutrophus H16
Siddiqui, R. A., Warnecke‐Eberz, U., Hengsberger, A., Schneider, B., Kostka, S., & Friedrich, B. (1993) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.175.18.5867-5876.1993 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Stewart, V. J., & Parales, J. V. (1988) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.170.4.1589-1597.1988 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Omata, T., Andriesse, X., & Hirano, A. (1993) · Molecular and General Genetics MGG · doi:10.1007/bf00277112 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
North, A. K., Klose, K. E., Stedman, K. M., & Kustu, S. G. (1993) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.175.14.4267-4273.1993 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
A seven‐gene operon essential for formate‐dependent nitrite reduction to ammonia by enteric bacteria
Hussain, H. A., Grove, J. I., Griffiths, L., Busby, S. J. W., & Cole, J. A. (1994) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb01004.x · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Regulation of Nitrate Assimilation and Nitrate Respiration in Aerobacter aerogenes
Riet, J. V. '., Stouthamer, A. H., & Planta, R. J. (1968) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.96.5.1455-1464.1968 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Page, L. V., Griffiths, L., & Cole, J. A. (1990) · Archives of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/bf00276530 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Transmembrane signaling by bacterial chemoreceptors: E. coli transducers with locked signal output
Ames, P., & Parkinson, J. S. (1988) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(88)90137-7 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Iuchi, S., & Lin, E. C. C. (1987) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.84.11.3901 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Darwin, A. J., Hussain, H. A., Griffiths, L., Grove, J. I., Sambongi, Y., Busby, S. J. W., & Cole, J. A. (1993) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01255.x · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Structural genes for nitrate-inducible formate dehydrogenase in Escherichia coli K-12.
Berg, B. L., & Stewart, V. J. (1990) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/125.4.691 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Harborne, N., Griffiths, L., Busby, S. J. W., & Cole, J. A. (1992) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01460.x · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Tyson, K. L., Bell, A. I., Cole, J. A., & Busby, S. J. W. (1993) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01106.x · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Lin, J. T., Goldman, B. S., & Stewart, V. J. (1993) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.175.8.2370-2378.1993 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Li, S. F., & DeMoss, J. A. (1988) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)68297-3 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Rabin, R. S., & Stewart, V. J. (1992) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.89.18.8419 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Schröder, I., Darie, S., & Gunsalus, R. P. (1993) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53999-5 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Chiang, R. C., Cavicchioli, R., & Gunsalus, R. P. (1992) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01364.x · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Li, J., & Stewart, V. J. (1992) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.174.15.4935-4942.1992 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
The nasFEDCBA operon for nitrate and nitrite assimilation in Klebsiella pneumoniae M5al
Lin, J. T., Goldman, B. S., & Stewart, V. J. (1994) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.176.9.2551-2559.1994 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Kalman, L. V., & Gunsalus, R. P. (1990) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.172.12.7049-7056.1990 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
POPE, N. R., & Cole, J. A. (1982) · Microbiology · doi:10.1099/00221287-128-1-219 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Anaerobically expressed Escherichia coli genes identified by operon fusion techniques
Choe, M., & Reznikoff, W. S. (1991) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.173.19.6139-6146.1991 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Darwin, A. J., Tormay, P., Page, L. V., Griffiths, L., & Cole, J. A. (1993) · Journal of General Microbiology · doi:10.1099/00221287-139-8-1829 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Kalman, L. V., & Gunsalus, R. P. (1988) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.170.2.623-629.1988 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Purification and characterization of the assimilatory nitrate reductase of Azotobacter vinelandii
Gangeswaran, R., Lowe, D., & Eady, R. R. (1993) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj2890335 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Collins, L. A., Egan, S. M., & Stewart, V. J. (1992) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.174.11.3667-3675.1992 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Stewart, V. J., & Berg, B. L. (1988) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.170.10.4437-4444.1988 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Walker, M. S., & DeMoss, J. A. (1993) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)52884-2 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Dong, X. R., Li, S., & DeMoss, J. A. (1992) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)49687-7 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Genetic regulation of nitrate assimilation in Klebsiella pneumoniae M5al
Cali, B. M., Micca, J. L., & Stewart, V. J. (1989) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.171.5.2666-2672.1989 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Rabin, R. S., Collins, L. A., & Stewart, V (1992) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.89.18.8701 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Goldman, B. S., Lin, J. T., & Stewart, V. J. (1994) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.176.16.5077-5085.1994 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Nitrite and Ammonia Assimilation by Anaerobic Continuous Cultures of Escherichia coli
Cole, J. A., Coleman, K. J., Compton, B. E., KAVANAGH, B. M., & Keevil, C. W. (1974) · Journal of General Microbiology · doi:10.1099/00221287-85-1-11 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Egan, S. M., & Stewart, V. J. (1990) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.172.9.5020-5029.1990 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Mutational analysis of nitrate regulatory gene narL in Escherichia coli K-12
Egan, S. M., & Stewart, V. J. (1991) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.173.14.4424-4432.1991 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Drew, R. E., & Lowe, N. J. (1989) · Microbiology · doi:10.1099/00221287-135-4-817 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Thayer, J. R., & Huffaker, R. C. (1982) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.149.1.198-202.1982 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Nucleotide sequence of the aliphatic amidase regulator gene (amiR) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Lowe, N. J., Rice, P. M., & Drew, R. E. (1989) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(89)80249-2 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Stewart, V. J., & Cali, B. M. (1990) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.172.8.4482-4488.1990 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
STITT, M., & KRAPP, A. (1999) · Plant, Cell & Environment · doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00386.x · Cited by 1,044 · see citing works
Pathways of nitrogen utilization by soil microorganisms – A review
Geisseler, D. J., Horwáth, W. R., Joergensen, R. G., & Ludwig, B. (2010) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.08.021 · Cited by 794 · see citing works
Moreno‐Vivián, C., Cabello, P., Martínez‐Luque, M., Blasco, R., & del Castillo, F. J. (1999) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.181.21.6573-6584.1999 · Cited by 593 · see citing works
L OCAL AND L ONG -R ANGE S IGNALING P ATHWAYS R EGULATING P LANT R ESPONSES TO N ITRATE
Forde, B. (2002) · Annual Review of Plant Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.53.100301.135256 · Cited by 496 · see citing works
Nitrate and periplasmic nitrate reductases
Sparacino-Watkins, C., Stolz, J. F., & Basu, P. (2014) · Chem. Soc. Rev. · doi:10.1039/c3cs60249d · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Tiso, M., & Schechter, A. N. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119712 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Cattle Production and Health: Driver or Passenger?
O’Hara, E., Neves, A. L. A., Song, Y., & Guan, L. L. (2020) · Annual Review of Animal Biosciences · doi:10.1146/annurev-animal-021419-083952 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Denitrification and its control
Ferguson, S. J. (1994) · Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · doi:10.1007/bf00871634 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Koch, C. D., Gladwin, M. T., Freeman, B. A., Lundberg, J. O., Weitzberg, E., & Morris, A. (2017) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.015 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Schwartz, E., Henne, A., Cramm, R., Eitinger, T., Friedrich, B., & Gottschalk, G. (2003) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0022-2836(03)00894-5 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Sequence analysis of bacterial redox enzyme maturation proteins (REMPs)
Turner, R. J., Papish, A. L., & Sargent, F. (2004) · Canadian Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1139/w03-117 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Kwiatkowski, A. V., & Shapleigh, J. P. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.40.24382 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Wang, X., Bian, Y., Cheng, K., Zou, H., Sun, S. S. M., & He, J. (2012) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/pr2010764 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Asamoto, C. K., Rempfert, K. R., Luu, V. H., Younkin, A. D., & Kopf, S. (2021) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c07816 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Wood, N. J., Alizadeh, T., Bennett, S., Pearce, J., Ferguson, S. J., Richardson, D. J., & MOIR, J. W. B. (2001) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.183.12.3606-3613.2001 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Wang, X., Tamiev, D., Alagurajan, J., DiSpirito, A., Phillips, G., & Hargrove, M. (2018) · Archives of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s00203-018-1590-3 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Liu, T., Li, X., Zhang, W., Hu, M., & Li, F. (2014) · Journal of Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2014.02.026 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Lee, R. W., Robinson, J. J., & Cavanaugh, C. M. (1999) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.202.3.289 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Nishimura, T., Teramoto, H., Vertès, A. A., Inui, M., & Yukawa, H. (2008) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.01801-07 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Regulation of oxidative phosphorylation: The flexible respiratory network ofParacoccus denitrificans
van Spanning, R. J. M., Boer, A. P. N. D., Reijnders, W. N. M., de Gier, J. L., Delorme, C. O., Stouthamer, A. H., Westerhoff, H. V., Harms, N., & John van der, O. O. S. T. (1995) · Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes · doi:10.1007/bf02110190 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Terminal Respiratory Oxidases: A Targetables Vulnerability of Mycobacterial Bioenergetics?
Bajeli, S., Baid, N., Kaur, M., Pawar, G. P., Chaudhari, V. D., & Kumar, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.589318 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Behrendt, U., Augustin, J., Spröer, C., Gelbrecht, J., Schumann, P., & Ulrich, A. (2015) · Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · doi:10.1007/s10482-015-0601-5 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Blasco, R., del Castillo, F. J., & Martínez‐Luque, M. (1997) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(97)00968-x · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Wang, J., Shao, Z., Yuan, H., Lü, Y., Jiang, W., Zhao, G., & Wang, J. (2013) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.00182-13 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Bonato, P., Alves, L. R., Osaki, J. H., Rigo, L. U., Pedrosa, F. O., de Souza, E. M., Zhang, N., Schumacher, J., Buck, M., Wassem, R., et al. (2016) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.13897 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Minić, Z., Simon, V., Penverne, B., Gaill, F., & Hervé, G. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m102249200 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Arginine Metabolism in the Deep Sea Tube Worm Riftia pachyptila and Its Bacterial Endosymbiont
Minić, Z., & Hervé, G. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m307835200 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Morphological and Physiological Diversity
Zinder, S. H., & Dworkin, M. S. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-30194-0_9 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Role of protein phosphatases in the regulation of nitrogen nutrition in plants
Sathee, L., Krishna, G., Adavi, S. B., Jha, S. K., & Jain, V. (2021) · Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants · doi:10.1007/s12298-021-01115-x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Yang, Z., Du, C., Chang, Z., Yang, Y., & Hu, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2025.1612223 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
A pH-sensitive switch activates virulence in Salmonella
Shetty, D., & Kenney, L. J. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.85690 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
The Caulobacter NtrB-NtrC two-component system bridges nitrogen assimilation and cell development
North, H., McLaughlin, M., Fiebig, A., & Crosson, S. (2023) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.00181-23 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Morphological and Physiological Diversity
Zinder, S. H., & Dworkin, M. S. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-30741-9_7 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Genomic and Functional Variation of the Chlorophyll d-Producing Cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina
Miller, S. R., Abresch, H. E., Baroch, J. J., Miller, C. K. F., Garber, A. I., Oman, A. R., & Ulrich, N. J. (2022) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms10030569 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
A New Selective Medium for Detection of Klebsiella from Dairy Environments.
Ohtomo, R., & Saito, M. (2003) · Microbes and Environments · doi:10.1264/jsme2.18.138 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Translational multi-omics microbiome research for strategies to improve cattle production and health
Wang, Y., & Guan, L. L. (2022) · Emerging Topics in Life Sciences · doi:10.1042/etls20210257 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Egas, R. A., Kurth, J., Boeren, S., Sousa, D. Z., Welte, C., & Sánchez-Andrea, I. (2024) · mSystems · doi:10.1128/msystems.00967-23 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Influence of the Microbiome Metagenomics and Epigenomics on Gastric Cancer
Mathebela, P., Damane, B. P., Mulaudzi, T. V., Mkhize‐Kwitshana, Z. L., Gaudji, G. R., & Dlamini, Z. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232213750 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Soluble and membrane-bound nitrate reductase from Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteroids
Delgado, M. J., Fernández‐López, M., & Bedmar, E. J. (1998) · Plant Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0981-9428(98)80041-7 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Li, T., Yang, C., & Deng, H. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818619-0.00155-6 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
An, J., Sun, L., Liu, M., Dai, R., Ge, G., Wang, Z., & Jia, Y. (2023) · Plants · doi:10.3390/plants13010084 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Sode, K., Yamamoto, S., & Tomiyama, M. (2001) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-008043947-1/50015-6 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Gut microbiome community profiling of Bornean bats with different feeding guilds
Morni, M. A., William-Dee, J., Jinggong, E. R., Sabarudin, N. A.-S., Azhar, N. A. A., Iman, M. H. I., Larsen, P. A., Seelan, J. S. S., Bilung, L. M., & Khan, F. A. A. (2025) · Animal Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s42523-025-00389-w · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Lima, T., Costa, V., Nunes, C., Silva, G., & Domingues, S. (2025) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app15137084 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Chutivisut, P., Rison, K., Mhuantong, W., & Faiyue, B. (2024) · Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.cscee.2024.100980 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A metagenomic study of the bacteria in snow algae microbiomes
Yakimovich, K. M., & Quarmby, L. M. (2022) · Canadian Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1139/cjm-2021-0313 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Disrupting NtrC function reveals unexpected robustness in a central cell cycle regulatory network
North, H. B., Hydorn, M. A., Dworkin, J. E., Fiebig, A., & Crosson, S. (2025) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.01962-25 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Lin, Z., Sun, X.-X., Wang, Z., Huang, D.-Y., Kong, T., Huang, W., Li, B., Tan, Z., Huang, F., Lan, X.-L., et al. (2026) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.142200 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The Effect of Glycerol on Microbial Community in Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant
Negara, M. A. P., Jayawardhana, B., & Euverink, G. J. W. (2024) · Water · doi:10.3390/w16172517 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Pehlivan, Ö., Koman, E., Ergün, D., Tartar, G., & Karataş, A. Y. (2026) · Progress in molecular and subcellular biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-11438-9_2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Sung, T.-Y., Patel, A. K., Lin, S.-R., Huang, C.-T., & Huang, Y.-T. (2025) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132299 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Sode, K., Watanabe, M., Makimoto, H., & Tomiyama, M. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-585-35132-2_9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Pelosi, L. A., Ohemeng, K. A., & Barrett, J. F. (2004) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-0998-9_11 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Enzyme specific isotope effects of the Nap and Nar nitrate reductasesPreprint
Asamoto, C. K., Rempfert, K., Luu, V. H., Younkin, A., & Kopf, S. (2020) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.11.17.386888 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Harrington, J. C. (2008) · The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Network (American Medical Association) · doi:10.13028/q1cv-fp30
Genetic and Environmental Mediators of Salmonella Infection
Huang, Y. (2007) · NCSU Libraries Repository (North Carolina State University Libraries)
Node, K., Watanabe, M., Makimoto, H., Tomiyama, M., & City, T. (1998)
MECHANISMS OF COLONIZATION RESISTANCE TO SHIGELLA FLEXNERI
Kottwitz, H. (2018) · DalSpace (Dalhousie University)
Chemoautotrophic Bacteria — Marine Invertebrate Symbioses
Lee, R. W. (1999) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-4838-2_40
Importance and risks of enterobacteria for healthy development of newborn gut microbiota
Vinkler, J., Modráčková, N., Korček, P., Straňák, Z., & Bunešová, V. (2025) · Pediatrie pro praxi · doi:10.36290/ped.2025.006
Electron Transport and Coupled Phosphorylation
Barton, L. L. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-91320-4_9
- Authors
- Stewart, V.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Stewart, Valley
- ORCID
- Stewart, Valley
- Venue
- Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
- Published
- 1994
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 1-3
- Pages
- 37-45
- ISSN
- 0003-6072 (ISSN-L)
- 1572-9699
- OpenAlex
- W1996257662
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM36877, R01GM036877)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
- Keywords
- nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, Enterobacteriaceae, gene expression regulation, nitrate respiration, nitrite respiration, nitrate assimilation, FNR, NarL, NARP, NARX network, NtrC, Nasr, two-component systems, Klebsiella pneumoniae, ammonium limitation, anaerobic conditions
- MeSH terms
- Anaerobiosis, Enterobacteriaceae, Genes, Bacterial, Nitrate Reductases, Nitrates, Nitrite Reductases, Nitrites, Operon, Oxygen, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review