Cited by 62Bacterial Genetics and BiotechnologyWastewater Treatment and Nitrogen RemovalPlant nutrient uptake and metabolism

Regulation of nitrate and nitrite reductase synthesis in enterobacteria

Stewart, Valley·1994·Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Abstract

Enterobacteria use nitrate and nitrite both as electron acceptors and as sources of nitrogen for biosynthesis. Nitrate is reduced through nitrite to ammonium in both cases. The enzymes and structural genes for nitrate/nitrite respiration and assimilation are distinct, and are subject to different patterns of regulation. Respiratory enzyme synthesis is indifferent to the availability of ammonium, and is induced by anaerobiosis via the FNR protein. Respiratory enzyme synthesis is further induced by nitrate or nitrite via the NARL and NARP proteins, which are response regulators of two-component regulatory systems. The cognate sensor proteins NARX and NARQ monitor the availability of nitrate and nitrite, and control the activity of the NARL and NARP DNA-binding proteins accordingly. Additionally, nitrate represses the synthesis of respiratory nitrite reductase, and this control is mediated by the NARL protein. Assimilatory enzyme synthesis is indifferent to the availability of oxygen, and is induced by ammonium limitation via the NTRC protein. Assimilatory enzyme synthesis is further induced by nitrate or nitrite via the NASR protein, which may act as a transcription antiterminator. Even though the respiratory and assimilatory enzyme systems are genetically distinct and subject to different forms of regulation, the structural and regulatory genes are closely linked on the Klebsiella pneumoniae chromosome.

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Crossref · 10.1007/bf00871631

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Authors
Stewart, V.
Affiliations
Cornell University (US)
Corresponding author
Stewart, Valley
Venue
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Published
1994
Volume
66
Issue
1-3
Pages
37-45
ISSN
  • 0003-6072 (ISSN-L)
  • 1572-9699
OpenAlex
W1996257662
Cited by
62
References
48
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
FWCI
0.25
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM36877, R01GM036877)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
Keywords
nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, Enterobacteriaceae, gene expression regulation, nitrate respiration, nitrite respiration, nitrate assimilation, FNR, NarL, NARP, NARX network, NtrC, Nasr, two-component systems, Klebsiella pneumoniae, ammonium limitation, anaerobic conditions
MeSH terms
Anaerobiosis, Enterobacteriaceae, Genes, Bacterial, Nitrate Reductases, Nitrates, Nitrite Reductases, Nitrites, Operon, Oxygen, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial

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