The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Negativity in political perception
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk
Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1914185 · Cited by 48,524
A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance
Festinger, L. (1957) · doi:10.1515/9781503620766 · Cited by 24,241 · cited 1×
“The psychological theory that most directly addresses postdecisional rationalization is Festinger's (1957) cognitive dissonance theory.”
Dimensions of Candidate Evaluation
Weisberg, H. F., & Rusk, J. G. (1970) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/1958364 · Cited by 255
Cited by
Good News and Bad News: Asymmetric Responses to Economic Information
Soroka, S. N. (2006) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2508.2006.00413.x · Cited by 850
The Responsive Voter: Campaign Information and the Dynamics of Candidate Evaluation
Lodge, M., Steenbergen, M. R., & Brau, S. (1995) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/2082427 · Cited by 685
Two Explanations for Negativity Effects in Political Behavior
Lau, R. R. (1985) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.2307/2111215 · Cited by 592
Self-citationBeyond Negativity: The Effects of Incivility on the Electorate
Brooks, D. J., & Geer, J. G. (2007) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00233.x · Cited by 462
News, Politics, and Negativity
Soroka, S., & McAdams, S. (2015) · Political Communication · doi:10.1080/10584609.2014.881942 · Cited by 420
Kahn, K. F., & Kenney, P. J. (1999) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/2586118 · Cited by 384
The Psychology of Group Conflict and the Dynamics of Oppression: A Social Dominance Perspective
Sidanius, J. (1993) · Explorations in Political Psychology · doi:10.1215/9780822396697-009 · Cited by 365
The Russian "Firehose of Falsehood" Propaganda Model: Why It Might Work and Options to Counter It
Paul, C., & Matthews, M. (2016) · doi:10.7249/pe198 · Cited by 344
Symbolic Politics: A Socio-Psychological Theory
Sears, D. O. (1993) · Explorations in Political Psychology · doi:10.1215/9780822396697-007 · Cited by 332
Druckman, J. N., & Lupia, A. (2000) · Annual Review of Political Science · doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.3.1.1 · Cited by 292
The dominance of fear over hope in the life of individuals and collectives
Jarymowicz, M., & Bar‐Tal, D. (2006) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.302 · Cited by 279
Anxiety, Immigration, and the Search for Information
Gadarian, S. K., & Albertson, B. (2014) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.12034 · Cited by 231
Weeks, B. E., & Garrett, R. K. (2014) · International Journal of Public Opinion Research · doi:10.1093/ijpor/edu005 · Cited by 191
Employment, Wages, and Voter Turnout
Charles, K. K., & Stephens, M. (2013) · American Economic Journal: Applied Economics · doi:10.1257/app.5.4.111 · Cited by 93
Inside the Mental Voting Booth: An Impression-Driven Process Model of Candidate Evaluation
Lodge, M., & Stroh, P. (1993) · Explorations in Political Psychology · doi:10.1215/9780822396697-011 · Cited by 66
“Fake news” and the defection of 2012 Obama voters in the 2016 presidential election
Gunther, R., Beck, P. A., & Nisbet, E. C. (2019) · Electoral Studies · doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2019.03.006 · Cited by 61
Social Media and the Changing Information Environment
Kraft, P. W., Krupnikov, Y., Milita, K., Ryan, J. B., & Soroka, S. (2020) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1093/poq/nfaa015 · Cited by 46
Metadata
- Authors
- Lau, R. R.
- Venue
- Political Behavior
- Published
- 1982
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 353-377
- ISSN
- 0190-9320 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-6687
- OpenAlex
- W2058574032
- Cited by
- 407
- References
- 3
- FWCI
- 11.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
