The DOI matches its Crossref record; 87 of the 87 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Is happiness a trait?: Tests of the theory that a better society does not make people any happier
Open accessOverview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Structure of Psychological Well-Being.
Mechanic, D., & Bradburn, N. M. (1970) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2093340 · Cited by 4,923
Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society
Inglehart, R. (1990) · doi:10.1515/9780691186740 · Cited by 4,477
Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot? Some Empirical Evidence
EASTERLIN, R. A. (1974) · Nations and Households in Economic Growth · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-205050-3.50008-7 · Cited by 4,474
Kushner (2021) · doi:10.12788/jfp · Cited by 3,799
Culture shift in advanced industrial society
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-1180 · Cited by 3,794
Social Indicators of Well-Being
Andrews, F. M., & Withey, S. B. (1976) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-2253-5 · Cited by 3,653
(1926) · The Science News-Letter · doi:10.2307/3902002 · Cited by 3,602
Personality in Adulthood: A Five-Factor Theory Perspective
McCRAE, R. R., COSTA, P. T., & JR (2003) · Taylor & Francis eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203428412 · Cited by 2,701
The Measurement of Life Satisfaction
Neugarten, B. L., Havighurst, R. J., & Tobin, S. S. (1961) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/16.2.134 · Cited by 2,558
An 'American psychologist': (312492004-035)
O'Connor, E. (2001) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e312492004-035 · Cited by 2,342
Cantril, H. (1965) · Cited by 2,273
Lottery winners and accident victims: Is happiness relative?
Brickman, P., Coates, D., & Janoff‐Bulman, R. (1978) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.36.8.917 · Cited by 2,227
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.54.5.853 · Cited by 1,675
Inglehart, R. (1977) · Cited by 1,525
Personality similarity in twins reared apart and together.
Tellegen, A., Lykken, D. T., Bouchard, T. J., & Wilcox, K. J. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.54.6.1031 · Cited by 1,514
Veenhoven, R. (1991) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/bf00292648 · Cited by 1,358
Self-citationA Temperament Theory of Personality Development
Revelle, W., Buss, A. H., & Plomin, R. (1976) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421420 · Cited by 1,337
Summers, R., & Heston, A. (1988) · Review of Income and Wealth · doi:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1988.tb00558.x · Cited by 1,238
Advances in Personality Assessment: Volume 7
(2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315827612 · Cited by 1,232
Personality, life events, and subjective well-being: Toward a dynamic equilibrium model.
Headey, B., & Wearing, A. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.57.4.731 · Cited by 1,221
Research in Community and Mental Health
(2000) · Research in Community and Mental Health · doi:10.1016/s0192-0812(2000)11 · Cited by 1,165
Advances in personality assessment
Kline, P. (1983) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(83)90068-5 · Cited by 971
Adding Liebe und Arbeit: The Full Five-Factor Model and Well-Being
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1991) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/014616729101700217 · Cited by 969
The measurement of life satisfaction
Bl, N. (1961) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · Cited by 944
Block, J. (1987) · Harvard Dataverse · doi:10.7910/dvn/8wg8xd · Cited by 854
Veenhoven, R. (1984) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-6432-7 · Cited by 676
Self-citationNations and Households in Economic Growth
(1974) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2013-0-10564-8 · Cited by 675
Schulz, R., & Decker, S. (1985) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.48.5.1162 · Cited by 541
Costa, P. T., McCrae, R. R., & Zonderman, A. B. (1987) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1987.tb02248.x · Cited by 341
Veenhoven, R. (1988) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/bf00302332 · Cited by 322
Self-citationConceptions of states and traits: Dimensional attributes with ideals as prototypes.
Chaplin, W. F., John, O. P., & Goldberg, L. R. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.54.4.541 · Cited by 307
Dobson, C. (1985) · Later Life Transitions · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-4978-2_11 · Cited by 264
Questions on happiness : Classical topics, modern answers, blind spots
Veenhoven, R. (1991) · RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) · Cited by 264
Self-citationVeenhoven, R. (2004) · Social Indicators Research Series · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-2903-5_6 · Cited by 254
Self-citationLongitudinal Analyses of Psychological Well-being in a National Sample: Stability of Mean Levels
Costa, P. T., Zonderman, A. B., McCrae, R. R., Huntley, J. C., Locke, B. Z., & Barbano, H. E. (1987) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/42.1.50 · Cited by 236
Change in Life Satisfaction: A Longitudinal Study of Persons Aged 46-70
Palmore, E., & Kivett, V. (1977) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/32.3.311 · Cited by 223
Industrial Man: The Relation of Status to Experience, Perception, and Value
Inkeles, A. (1960) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/222819 · Cited by 218
Tijdschrift voor sociale gezondheidszorg
Gezondheidszorg, A. N. V. V. S., & jeugdgezondheidszorg, N. V. V. (1983) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 210
A longitudinal study of the effects of employment and unemployment on school‐leavers
FEATHER, N. T., & O'BRIEN, G. E. (1986) · Journal of Occupational Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1986.tb00219.x · Cited by 202
Psychosocial assets of parents of handicapped and nonhandicapped children.
Friedrich, W. N., & Friedrich, W. L. (1981) · PubMed · Cited by 201
The Social Progress of Nations.
Armour, P. K., & Estes, R. J. (1986) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2069354 · Cited by 198
The Contribution of Marriage to the Psychological Well-Being of Males and Females
Glenn, N. D. (1975) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.2307/350523 · Cited by 195
Global Report on Student Well-Being
Michalos, A. C. (1991) · Recent Research in Psychology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3098-4 · Cited by 185
Changes in Depression following Divorce: A Panel Study
Menaghan, E. G., & Lieberman, M. A. (1986) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.2307/352399 · Cited by 176
Lueptow, L. B., Simmons, R. G., & Blyth, D. A. (1988) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.2307/352447 · Cited by 158
Riley, J. W., Buchanan, W., & Cantril, H. (1954) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2087484 · Cited by 154
Maternal Behavior, Child Behavior, and Their Intercorrelations from Infancy Through Adolescence
Schaefer, E. S., & Bayley, N. (1963) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.2307/1165694 · Cited by 147
Personal Adjustment to Aging: Longitudinal Prediction from Neuroticism and Extraversion
Costa, P. T., McCrae, R. R., & Norris, A. H. (1981) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/36.1.78 · Cited by 138
Cross-sectional Age Differences and Longitudinal Change on the Bradburn Affect Balance Scale
Stacey, C., & Gatz, M. (1991) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/46.2.p76 · Cited by 134
Human Needs and Satisfactions: A Global Survey
Gallup, G. H. (1976) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1086/268332 · Cited by 119
Stability and change in subjective well-being over short time periods
Chamberlain, K., & Zika, S. (1992) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/bf00304394 · Cited by 103
The relationship between mood and subjective well-being
Yardley, J. K., & Rice, R. W. (1991) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/bf00292653 · Cited by 97
Yea-saying and mood-of-the-day effects in self-reported quality of life
Moum, T. (1988) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/bf00302458 · Cited by 96
The Dissonant Religious Context and Emotional Disturbance
Rosenberg, M. (1962) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/223261 · Cited by 92
Subjective well-being in later life: Issues concerning measurement and prediction
McNeil, J. K., Stones, M. J., & Kozma, A. (1986) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/bf00302532 · Cited by 81
Individual Differences in Pollyannaism
Matlin, M. W., & Gawron, V. J. (1979) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4304_14 · Cited by 76
The psychological effects of sudden infant death syndrome on surviving family members.
DeFrain, J., & Ernst, L. (1978) · PubMed · Cited by 66
How Nations See Each Other: A Study in Public Opinion, by William Buchanan, Hadley Cantril
Darrow, R. M. (1954) · Political Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2145287 · Cited by 63
Effects of a Geriatric Clinic on Functional Health and Weil-being of Elders
Yeo, G. W., Ingram, L. A., Skurnick, J., & Crapo, L. M. (1987) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/42.3.252 · Cited by 62
The life satisfaction of nonnormal persons.
Cameron, P. U., Titus, D. G., Kostin, J., & Kostin, M. (1973) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0035158 · Cited by 58
Davis, J. A. (1984) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/bf00351443 · Cited by 53
Naroll, R. S. (1983) · Cited by 53
Long- and short-term affective states in happiness: Model, paradigm and experimental evidence
Kozma, A., Stone, S. I., Stones, M. J., Hannah, T. E., & McNeil, K. (1990) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/bf00354836 · Cited by 52
Midlife Loss: Coping Strategies
Kalish, R. A. (1990) · Family Relations · doi:10.2307/584884 · Cited by 50
Cross-national differences in happiness: cultural bias or societal quality?
Veenhoven, R., & Ouweneel, P. (1991) · RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) · Cited by 49
Self-citationHornstra, R. K., & Klassen, D. (1977) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0010-440x(77)90054-2 · Cited by 46
Measuring cultural bias in a cross-national study
Ostroot, N. M., & Snyder, W. W. (1985) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/bf00319313 · Cited by 40
Kirchler, E. M. (1985) · Journal of Economic Psychology · doi:10.1016/0167-4870(85)90003-0 · Cited by 38
The constancy of personality ratings over two decades.
Tuddenham, R. D. (1959) · PubMed · Cited by 36
The stability and sensitivity of subjective well-being measures
Horley, J., & Lavery, J. J. (1991) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/bf00300356 · Cited by 30
Landua, D. (1992) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/bf00286560 · Cited by 30
Self-concept stability and change from late adolescence to early adulthood.
Mortimer, J. T., & Lorence, J. (1981) · Cited by 27
Social Stressors as Antecedents of Change
Chiriboga, D. A. (1984) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/39.4.468 · Cited by 26
Review of How harmful is happiness?.
Gullickson, T. (1995) · Contemporary Psychology · doi:10.1037/003625 · Cited by 26
Continuity and Change in Women's Characteristics over Four Decades
Mussen, P. H., Eichorn, D. H., Honzik, M. P., Bieber, S. L., & Meredith, W. M. (1980) · International Journal of Behavioral Development · doi:10.1177/016502548000300309 · Cited by 25
Veenhoven, R. (1989) · RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) · Cited by 24
Self-citationInkeles, A. (1991) · The Tocqueville Review · doi:10.3138/ttr.12.83 · Cited by 22
Which Comes First: Poor Psychological Well-Being or Decreased Friendship Activity?
Adams, R. G. (1988) · Activities Adaptation & Aging · doi:10.1300/j016v12n01_03 · Cited by 22
Does happiness induce a rosy outlook
Headey, B., & Veenhoven, R. (1989) · RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) · Cited by 22
Self-citationHappiness and activities in later life: A propensity formulation.
Stones, M. J., & Kozma, A. (1989) · Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne · doi:10.1037/h0079827 · Cited by 20
Correlates of Morale among the Newly Widowed
Bahr, H. M., & Harvey, C. D. H. (1980) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224545.1980.9924249 · Cited by 20
The correlation coefficient and models of subjective well-being
Stones, M. J., Kozma, A., Hannah, T. E., et al. (1991) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/bf00383732 · Cited by 16
The face schema in 3- and 4-month-old infants: The role of dynamic properties of the face
Kaufmann, R., & Kaufmann, F. (1980) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/s0163-6383(80)80041-5 · Cited by 15
Consistency in Adult Functioning: The Influence of Social Stress
Chiriboga, D. A. (1982) · Ageing and Society · doi:10.1017/s0144686x00009168 · Cited by 15
DOES HAPPINESS LEAD INTO IDLENESS
Verkley, H., Stolk, J., & Veenhoven, R. (1989) · Cited by 12
Self-citationIs cheerfulness-depression a general temperamental trait?
Young, P. T. (1937) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0055783 · Cited by 10
Similarity of monozygotic and dizygotic twins in level and lability of subclinically depressed mood
Wierzbicki, M. J. (1986) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · Cited by 9
Cited by
Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress.
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276 · Cited by 12,910
A Measure of Subjective Happiness: Preliminary Reliability and Construct Validation
Lyubomirsky, S., & Lepper, H. S. (1999) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1023/a:1006824100041 · Cited by 4,071
Measuring happiness with a single-item scale
Abdel-Khalek, A. M. (2006) · Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal · doi:10.2224/sbp.2006.34.2.139 · Cited by 808
Toward a Unifying Theoretical and Practical Perspective on Well-Being and Psychosocial Adjustment.
Lent, R. W. (2004) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.51.4.482 · Cited by 787
Developments in satisfaction-research
Veenhoven, R. (1996) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/bf00300268 · Cited by 745
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Veenhoven, R.
- Venue
- Social Indicators Research
- Published
- 1994-06
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 101-160
- ISSN
- 0303-8300 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-0921
- OpenAlex
- W2104929653
- Cited by
- 398
- References
- 87
- FWCI
- 10.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.