Measuring happiness with a single-item scale
Open accessAbstract
This study examined the accuracy of measuring happiness by a single item (Do you feel happy in general?) answered on an 11-point scale (0–10). Its temporal stability was 0.86. The correlations between the single item and both the Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI; Argyle, Martin, & Lu, 1995; Hills & Argyle, 1998) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985; Pavot & Diener, 1993) were highly significant and positive, denoting good concurrent validity. Moreover, the single item had a good convergent validity because it was highly and positively correlated with optimism, hope, self-esteem, positive affect, extraversion, and self-ratings of both physical and mental health. Furthermore, the divergent validity of the single item has been adequately demonstrated through its significant and negative correlations with anxiety, pessimism, negative affect, and insomnia. It was concluded that measuring happiness by a single item is reliable, valid, and viable in community surveys as well as in cross-cultural comparisons.
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The happiness item has good to excellent reliability and validity, with a test-retest reliability of 0.87.
“The reliability and validity of the happiness item are good to excellent, with a test–retest reliability of 0.87 (62).”
From Timing of imagery rescripting during schema therapy for borderline personality disorder: the LUCY trial (2023) · cites this paper as [62]
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Spithoven, A. W. M., Lodder, G. M. A., Goossens, L., Bijttebier, P., Bastin, M., Verhagen, M., & Scholte, R. H. J. (2017) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-016-0478-2 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Work happiness among teachers: A day reconstruction study on the role of self-concordance
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Work, Family, and Gendered Happiness Among Married People in Urban China
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Religiosity, subjective well-being, and depression in Saudi children and adolescents
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Are Hopeful Employees More Creative? An Empirical Study
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Self-citationImpact of workplace incivility against new nurses on job burn-out: a cross-sectional study in China
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Longitudinal Evidence on Social Trust and Happiness in China: Causal Effects and Mechanisms
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Valuing Time Over Money Is Associated With Greater Happiness
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Abdel-Khalek, A. M.
- Venue
- Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal
- Publisher
- Scientific Journal Publishers Ltd
- Published
- 2006-01-01
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 139-150
- ISSN
- 0301-2212 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1993979851
- Cited by
- 808
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 52 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 84 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 11.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
- Keywords
- happiness measurement, single-item scale, subjective well-being, temporal stability, concurrent validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, Oxford Happiness Inventory, Satisfaction with Life Scale, optimism, hope, self-esteem, positive affect, extraversion, physical and mental health, anxiety, pessimism, negative affect, insomnia, cross-cultural comparison
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