Prediction of implantation by the sonographic appearance of the endometrium during controlled ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization (IVF)
Abstract
The texture and the thickness of the endometrium as assessed by transvaginal sonography were prospectively evaluated in 123 patients undergoing IVF treatment. Three different types of endometrial patterns could be distinguished: (A) an entirely homogenous, hyperechogenic endometrium; (B) an intermediate type characterized by the same reflectivity of ultrasound as the myometrium, with a nonprominent or absent central echogenic line; and (C) a multilayered endometrium consisting of prominent outer and midline hyperechogenic lines and inner hypoechogenic regions. On the day before oocyte retrieval, endometrial thickness was significantly greater in the group of patients who achieved pregnancy than in the group who did not (8.7 +/- 0.4 vs 7.5 +/- 0.2 mm, respectively; P less than 0.01) and significantly more patients had multilayered, pattern C, endometrium (75% in pregnant women vs 42.4% in nonpregnant women; P less than 0.01). No pregnancy occurred when the endometrial thickness was less than 6 mm. When type C endometrium greater than or equal to 6 mm thick was seen, the pregnancy rate per embryo transfer was 39%. When type A or B endometrial pattern was seen, the negative predictive value for the occurrence of pregnancy was 90.5%. Our results suggest that transvaginal sonographic evaluation of endometrial texture and thickness may be an indicator of the likelihood of achieving pregnancy.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Non-trilaminar pattern endometrium at midcycle in clomiphene cycles has a strong negative predictive value (90%) with respect to ongoing pregnancy.
“Similarly, non-trilaminar pattern endometrium at midcycle in clomiphene cycles has been shown to have a strong negative predictive value (90%) with respect to ongoing pregnancy (16).”
From A randomized double-blind comparison of the effects of clomiphene citrate and the aromatase inhibitor letrozole on ovulatory function in normal women (2002) · cites this paper as [16]
Cites
Gonen, Y., Casper, R. F., Jacobson, W., et al. (1989) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)60916-0 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Self-citationSonographic depiction of the endometrium during normal cycles
Fleischer, A. C., Kalemeris, G. C., & Entman, S. S. (1986) · Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology · doi:10.1016/0301-5629(86)90336-4 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Smith, B., Porter, R., Ahuja, K. K., et al. (1984) · Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics · doi:10.1007/bf01131622 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Ultrasound study of the endometrium during in vitro fertilization cycles
Glissant, A., de Mouzon, J., & Frydman, R. R. F. (1985) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)49038-2 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Fleischer, A. C., Herbert, C. M., SACKS, G. A., Wentz, A. C., Entman, S. S., & James, A. E. (1986) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)49583-x · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Welker, B., Gembruch, U., Diedrich, K., et al. (1989) · Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine · doi:10.7863/jum.1989.8.10.549 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Cyclic endometrial changes: US assessment with histologic correlation.
Forrest, T. S., Elyaderani, M. K., Muilenburg, M. I., Bewtra, C., Kable, W. T., & Sullivan, P. (1988) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.167.1.3279455 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Sonographic depiction of endometrial changes occurring with ovulation induction.
Fleischer, A. C., Pittaway, D. E., Beard, L. A., Thieme, G. A., Bundy, A. L., James, A. E., & Wentz, A. C. (1984) · Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine · doi:10.7863/jum.1984.3.8.341 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Endometrial echo and its significance in female infertility.
Brandt, T. D., Levy, E. B., Grant, T., et al. (1985) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.157.1.3929327 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Gonen, Y., & Casper, R. F. (1989) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)60734-3 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationFactors affecting human in vitro fertilization: a multifactorial study
de Mouzon, J., Lefèvre, B., Frydman, R. R. F., et al. (1985) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)48617-6 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Casper, R. F., Armstrong, D. T., Brown, S. E., et al. (1987) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)50017-x · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Palomba, S., Falbo, A., Zullo, F., & Orio, F. (2009) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2008-0030 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Fisher, S. A., Reid, R. L., Van Vugt, D. A., & Casper, R. F. (2002) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(02)03241-7 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Self-citationDickey, R. P., Olar, T. T., Taylor, S. N., Curole, D. N., & Matulich, E. M. (1993) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)55855-5 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Uterine effects of metformin administration in anovulatory women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Palomba, S., Russo, T., Orio, F., Falbo, A., Manguso, F., Cascella, T., Tolino, A., Carmina, E., Colao, A., & Zullo, F. (2006) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dei351 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
- Authors
- Gonen, Y., & Casper, R. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- ORCID
- Casper, Robert F.
- Venue
- Journal of In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer
- Published
- 1990-06
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 146-152
- ISSN
- 0740-7769 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-7330
- OpenAlex
- W2049892039
- Cited by
- 307
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 6.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Health and Technologies
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
- Keywords
- endometrial thickness, transvaginal ultrasound, implantation prediction, controlled ovarian stimulation, in vitro fertilization, pregnancy rate, embryo transfer, negative predictive value
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Clomiphene, Endometrium, Estradiol, Female, Fertilization in Vitro, Humans, Luteinizing Hormone, Ovulation Induction, Embryo Implantation, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Ultrasonography
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
