The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Gender differences in way-finding strategies: Relationship to spatial ability and spatial anxiety
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence.
White, R. W. (1959) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0040934 · Cited by 5,681
The psychology of sex differences
(1975) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(75)80031-1 · Cited by 5,488
Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence.
White, R. W. (1963) · Perspectives in psychology. · doi:10.1037/14156-005 · Cited by 4,792
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance.
Intons-Peterson, M. J. (1981) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance · doi:10.1037/h0078016 · Cited by 3,183
Mental Rotations, a Group Test of Three-Dimensional Spatial Visualization
Vandenberg, S. G., & Kuse, A. R. (1978) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1978.47.2.599 · Cited by 2,620
The Development of Spatial Representations of Large-Scale Environments
Siegel, A. W., & White, S. H. (1975) · Advances in Child Development and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0065-2407(08)60007-5 · Cited by 1,830
The Psychology of Sex Differences: —Vol. II: Annotated Bibliography
Maccoby, E. E., & Jacklin, C. N. (1974) · Stanford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9781503620797 · Cited by 1,290
Children's Experience of Place
Downs, R. M., & Hart, R. (1980) · Geographical Review · doi:10.2307/214444 · Cited by 856
Cognitive gender differences are disappearing.
Feingold, A. (1988) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.43.2.95 · Cited by 635
The role of experience in spatial test performance: A meta-analysis
Baenninger, M., & Newcombe, N. (1989) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/bf00287729 · Cited by 545
Cited by
Hegarty, M., Montello, D. R., Richardson, A. E., Ishikawa, T., & Lovelace, K. (2006) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2005.09.005 · Cited by 820
The Hunter-Gatherer Theory of Sex Differences in Spatial Abilities: Data from 40 Countries
Silverman, I., Choi, J., & Peters, M. (2007) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-006-9168-6 · Cited by 350
Human spatial navigation: cognitive maps, sexual dimorphism, and neural substrates
Maguire, E. A., Burgess, N., & O’Keefe, J. (1999) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(99)80023-3 · Cited by 332
Design guidelines for landmarks to support navigation in virtual environments
Vinson, N. G. (1999) · Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems the CHI is the limit - CHI '99 · doi:10.1145/302979.303062 · Cited by 294
The development of gender differences in spatial reasoning: A meta-analytic review.
Lauer, J. E., Yhang, E., & Lourenco, S. F. (2019) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000191 · Cited by 239
Metadata
- Authors
- Lawton, C. A.
- Venue
- Sex Roles
- Published
- 1994-06
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 11-12
- Pages
- 765-779
- ISSN
- 0360-0025 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2762
- OpenAlex
- W2036703794
- Cited by
- 801
- References
- 35
- FWCI
- 4.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Gender differences in way-finding strategies: Relationship to spatial ability and spatial anxiety. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1007/bf01544230
- The paper
- Lawton, C. A. (1994). Gender differences in way-finding strategies: Relationship to spatial ability and spatial anxiety. Sex Roles. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01544230
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
