On particle creation by black holes
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The final state of unitary evaporation (4.3) is very different from the state (3.7) predicted by the semi-classical analysis.
“The final state of the unitary evaporation (4.3) is very different from the state (3.7) predicted by the semi-classical analysis [57].”
From Conformal Cyclic Cosmology, gravitational entropy and quantum information (2023) · cites this paper as [57]
Cites
Particle creation by black holes
Hawking, S. W. (1975) · Communications In Mathematical Physics · doi:10.1007/bf02345020 · Cited by 13,106 · see citing works
The four laws of black hole mechanics
Bardeen, J. M., Carter, B., & Hawking, S. W. (1973) · Communications in Mathematical Physics · doi:10.1007/bf01645742 · Cited by 3,932 · see citing works
Generalized second law of thermodynamics in black-hole physics
Bekenstein, J. D. (1974) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.9.3292 · Cited by 2,166 · see citing works
Riesz, F. (1955) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 1,957 · see citing works
Quantum field theory in curved spacetime
DeWitt, B. S. (1975) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/0370-1573(75)90051-4 · Cited by 1,732 · see citing works
Gravitational Radiation from Colliding Black Holes
Hawking, S. W. (1971) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.26.1344 · Cited by 1,142 · see citing works
Adiabatic regularization of the energy-momentum tensor of a quantized field in homogeneous spaces
Parker, L., & Fulling, S. A. (1974) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.9.341 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
Scalar quantum field theory in a closed universe of constant curvature
Fulling, S. A. (1972) · OakTrust (Texas A&M University Libraries) · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Notes on black-hole evaporation
Unruh, W. G. (1976) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.14.870 · Cited by 4,850 · see citing works
Action integrals and partition functions in quantum gravity
Gibbons, G. W., & Hawking, S. W. (1977) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.15.2752 · Cited by 3,449 · see citing works
Breakdown of predictability in gravitational collapse
Hawking, S. W. (1976) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.14.2460 · Cited by 2,554 · see citing works
Quantum field theory in curved spacetime
DeWitt, B. S. (1975) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/0370-1573(75)90051-4 · Cited by 1,732 · see citing works
Information in black hole radiation
Page, D. N. (1993) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.71.3743 · Cited by 1,172 · see citing works
The Thermodynamics of Black Holes
Wald, R. M. (2001) · Living Reviews in Relativity · doi:10.12942/lrr-2001-6 · Cited by 918 · see citing works
Self-citationA covariant entropy conjecture
Bousso, R. (1999) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1088/1126-6708/1999/07/004 · Cited by 850 · see citing works
Quantum information and relativity theory
Peres, A., & Terno, D. R. (2004) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.76.93 · Cited by 696 · see citing works
Thermo-field dynamics of black holes
Israel, W. (1976) · Physics Letters A · doi:10.1016/0375-9601(76)90178-x · Cited by 662 · see citing works
What happens when an accelerating observer detects a Rindler particle
Unruh, W. G., & Wald, R. M. (1984) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.29.1047 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
Self-citationQuantum field theory methods and inflationary universe models
Brandenberger, R. (1985) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.57.1 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
Squeezed quantum states of relic gravitons and primordial density fluctuations
Грищук, Л. П., & Sidorov, Y. V. (1990) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.42.3413 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
Jerusalem lectures on black holes and quantum information
Harlow, D. (2016) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.88.015002 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
Search for violations of quantum mechanics
Ellis, J. R., Hagelin, J. S., Nanopoulos, D. V., & Srednicki, M. (1984) · Nuclear Physics B · doi:10.1016/0550-3213(84)90053-1 · Cited by 423 · see citing works
Hawking, S. W. (1988) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.37.904 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
Black hole evaporation without information loss
Stephens, C. R., Hooft, G. ’., & WHITING, B. F. (1994) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/11/3/014 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Quantum fields in curved spacetime
Hollands, S., & Wald, R. M. (2015) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2015.02.001 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Self-citationObservation of thermal Hawking radiation and its temperature in an analogue black hole
de Nova, J. R. M., Golubkov, K., Kolobov, V. I., & Steinhauer, J. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1241-0 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Acceleration radiation and the generalized second law of thermodynamics
Unruh, W. G., & Wald, R. M. (1982) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.25.942 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Self-citationThe back reaction effect in particle creation in curved spacetime
Wald, R. M. (1977) · Communications in Mathematical Physics · doi:10.1007/bf01609833 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Self-citationTrace anomaly of a conformally invariant quantum field in curved spacetime
Wald, R. M. (1978) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.17.1477 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Self-citationDimopoulos, S., & Susskind, L. (1978) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.18.4500 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Quantum coherence down the wormhole
Hawking, S. W. (1987) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/0370-2693(87)90028-1 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Unruh, W. G., & Wald, R. M. (2017) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6633/aa778e · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Self-citationHeuristic derivation of the probability distributions of particles emitted by a black hole
Sannan, S. (1988) · General Relativity and Gravitation · doi:10.1007/bf00759183 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Black hole thermodynamics and information loss in two dimensions
Fiola, T. M., Preskill, J., Strominger, A., & Trivedi, S. P. (1994) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.50.3987 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Carlip, S. (2014) · International Journal of Modern Physics D · doi:10.1142/s0218271814300237 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Is Black-Hole Evaporation Predictable?
Page, D. N. (1980) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.44.301 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Corley, S. (1998) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.57.6280 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Black holes in loop quantum gravity
Pérez, A. (2017) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6633/aa7e14 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Black hole radiation in the presence of a short distance cutoff
Ted Jacobson, A. (1993) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.48.728 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Stochastic Gravity: Theory and Applications
Hu, B. L., & Verdaguer, E. (2004) · Living Reviews in Relativity · doi:10.12942/lrr-2004-3 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Quantum gravity and time reversibility
Wald, R. M. (1980) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.21.2742 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Self-citationStochastic Gravity: Theory and Applications
Hu, B. L., & Verdaguer, E. (2008) · Living Reviews in Relativity · doi:10.12942/lrr-2008-3 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Black hole information, unitarity, and nonlocality
Giddings, S. B. (2006) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.74.106005 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Irreversible Thermodynamics of Black Holes
Candelas, P., & Sciama, D. W. (1977) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.38.1372 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Temperature, periodicity and horizons
Fulling, S. A., & Ruijsenaars, S. N. M. (1987) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/0370-1573(87)90136-0 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Internal Geometry of an Evaporating Black Hole
Parentani, R., & Piran, T. (1994) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.73.2805 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Quantum emission from two-dimensional black holes
Giddings, S. B., & Nelson, W. (1992) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.46.2486 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Quantum gravity: an introduction to some recent results
Álvarez, E. A. (1989) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.61.561 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
On quantum field theory in gravitational background
Haag, R., Narnhofer, H., & Stein, U. (1984) · Communications in Mathematical Physics · doi:10.1007/bf01209302 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Entropy Evaporated by a Black Hole
Zurek, W. H. (1982) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.49.1683 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Wald, R. M. (1978) · Annals of Physics · doi:10.1016/0003-4916(78)90040-4 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Self-citationHawking, S. W., Page, D. N., & Pope, C. N. (1980) · Nuclear Physics B · doi:10.1016/0550-3213(80)90151-0 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Black holes, quantum information, and unitary evolution
Giddings, S. B. (2012) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.85.124063 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Islands and Page curves of Reissner-Nordström black holes
Wang, X., Li, R., & Wang, J. (2021) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep04(2021)103 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
What Exactly is the Information ParadoxPreprint
Mathur, S. D. (2013) · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Introduction to Quantum Field Theory with Applications to Quantum Gravity
Buchbinder, I. L., & Shapiro, I. L. (2021) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198838319.001.0001 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Creation of particles by shell-focusing singularities
Hiscock, W. A., Williams, L. G., & Eardley, D. M. (1982) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.26.751 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Classical and quantum scattering theory for linear scalar fields on the Schwarzschild metric I
Dimock, J., & Kay, B. S. (1987) · Annals of Physics · doi:10.1016/0003-4916(87)90214-4 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
What Exactly is the Information Paradox?
Mathur, S. D. (2008) · Lecture notes in physics · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-88460-6_1 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Thermodynamics, stability and Hawking–Page transition of Kerr black holes from Rényi statistics
Czinner, V. G., & Iguchi, H. (2017) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5453-x · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Einstein A and B coefficients for a black hole
Bekenstein, J. D., & Meisels, A. (1977) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.15.2775 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Islands in charged linear dilaton black holes
Ahn, B., Bak, S.-E., Jeong, H.-S., Keun-young Kim, A., & Sun, Y.-W. (2022) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.105.046012 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Stochastic gravity: a primer with applications
Hu, B. L., & Verdaguer, E. (2003) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/20/6/201 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Short distance and initial state effects in inflation: Stress tensor and decoherence
Anderson, P. R., Molina-Parı́s, C., & Mottola, E. (2005) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.72.043515 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Stimulated-emission effects in particle creation near black holes
Wald, R. M. (1976) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.13.3176 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationComment on "Entropy Evaporated by a Black Hole"
Page, D. N. (1983) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.50.1013 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Black Hole ThermodynamicsPreprint
Carlip, S. (2014) · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Interacting quantum fields around a black hole
Hawking, S. W. (1981) · Communications in Mathematical Physics · doi:10.1007/bf01208279 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Entanglement entropy of the black hole horizon
Terashima, H. (2000) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.61.104016 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Lee, T. D. (1986) · Nuclear Physics B · doi:10.1016/0550-3213(86)90493-1 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Near-thermal radiation in detectors, mirrors, and black holes: A stochastic approach
Raval, A., Hu, B. L., & Koks, D. (1997) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.55.4795 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
The mechanism of blackbody radiation from an incipient black hole
Gerlach, U. H. (1976) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.14.1479 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Semi-infinite throat as the end-state geometry of two-dimensional black hole evaporation
Bose, S., Parker, L., & Peleg, Y. (1995) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.52.3512 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Role of string excitation in the last stages of black-hole evaporation
Bowick, M. J., Smolin, L., & Wijewardhana, L. C. R. (1986) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.56.424 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Existence of the S-matrix in quantum field theory in curved space-time
Wald, R. M. (1979) · Annals of Physics · doi:10.1016/0003-4916(79)90135-0 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationQuantum Fields in Curved Spacetime
Hollands, S., & Wald, R. M. (2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139583961.015 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationThe energy-momentum tensor near a black hole
Fawcett, M. S. (1983) · Communications in Mathematical Physics · doi:10.1007/bf01219528 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
The Unruh effect for philosophers
Earman, J. (2011) · Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics · doi:10.1016/j.shpsb.2011.04.001 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
QUANTUM EVOLUTION IN SPACE–TIME FOAM
Garay, L. J. (1999) · International Journal of Modern Physics A · doi:10.1142/s0217751x99001913 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Gomberoff, A., & Marolf, D. M. (2005) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/b106494 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Quantum Mechanics of Black HolesPreprint
Giddings, S. B. (1994) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/9412138 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Dark dimension, the swampland, and the dark matter fraction composed of primordial black holes
Anchordoqui, L. A., Ignatios Antoniadis, A., & Lüst, D. (2022) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.106.086001 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
How fast does information leak out from a black hole?
Bekenstein, J. D. (1993) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.70.3680 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Carlitz, R. D., & Willey, R. S. (1987) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.36.2336 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Is quantum gravity unpredictable?
Gross, D. J. (1984) · Nuclear Physics B · doi:10.1016/0550-3213(84)90540-6 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Noise kernel in stochastic gravity and stress energy bitensor of quantum fields in curved spacetimes
Phillips, N. G., & Hu, B. L. (2001) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.63.104001 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Phillips, N. G., & Hu, B. L. (2000) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.62.084017 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Unitarity of entanglement and islands in two-sided Janus black holes
Dongsu Bak, A., Kim, C., Yi, S.-H., & Yoon, J. (2021) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep01(2021)155 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Non-trivial topologies in quantum gravity
Hawking, S. W. (1984) · Nuclear Physics B · doi:10.1016/0550-3213(84)90185-8 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Black Holes: Thermodynamics, Information, and Firewalls
Mann, R. B. (2015) · SpringerBriefs in physics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-14496-2 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
On the corpuscular theory of gravity
Giusti, A. (2019) · International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics · doi:10.1142/s0219887819300010 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Renormalization of general relativity on a background of spacetime foam
Crane, L., & Smolin, L. (1986) · Nuclear Physics B · doi:10.1016/0550-3213(86)90139-2 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Hawking temperature of Kerr–Newman–AdS black hole from tunneling
Ze, Z. (2008) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2008.07.074 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Evaporating black-to-white hole
Martin-Dussaud, P., & Carlo Rovelli, C. (2019) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/1361-6382/ab5097 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Semiclassical and Stochastic Gravity
Hu, B. L., & Verdaguer, E. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9780511667497 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Thermal propagators and accelerated frames of reference
Troost, W., & van Dam, H. (1979) · Nuclear Physics B · doi:10.1016/0550-3213(79)90091-9 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
On the nature of quantum fluctuations and their relation to gravitation and the principle of inertia
Smolin, L. (1986) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/3/3/009 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Fulling-Davies-Unruh effect in classical field theory
Higuchi, A., & Matsas, G. E. A. (1993) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.48.689 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Stress-energy tensor near a charged, rotating, evaporating black hole
Hiscock, W. A. (1977) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.15.3054 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Semiclassical zero-temperature corrections to Schwarzschild spacetime and holography
Fabbri, A., Farese, S., Navarro-Salas, J., Olmo, G. J., & Sanchis-Alepuz, H. (2006) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.73.104023 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Modave Lectures on Fuzzballs and Emission from the D1-D5 SystemPreprint
Chowdhury, B. D., & Amitabh Virmani, C. (2010) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1001.1444 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Probability distribution for radiation from a black hole in the presence of incoming radiation
Panangaden, P., & Wald, R. M. (1977) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.16.929 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationFrom vacuum fluctuations to radiation. II. Black holes
Massar, S., & Parentani, R. (1996) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.54.7444 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
The Production of Elementary Particles by Strong Gravitational Fields
Parker, L. (1977) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-2343-3_2 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Entropy and black-hole thermodynamics
Wald, R. M. (1979) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.20.1271 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationGeneralized black hole entropy is von Neumann entropy
Kudler-Flam, J., Leutheusser, S., & Satishchandran, G. (2025) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.111.025013 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Particle creation by loop black holes
Alesci, E., & Modesto, L. (2014) · General Relativity and Gravitation · doi:10.1007/s10714-013-1656-0 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Black Hole Thermodynamics and Statistical MechanicsPreprint
Carlip, S. (2012) · Cited by 47 · see citing works
- Authors
- Wald, R. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wald, Robert M.
- ORCID
- Wald, Robert M.
- Venue
- Communications in Mathematical Physics
- Published
- 1975-02
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 9-34
- ISSN
- 0010-3616 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0916
- OpenAlex
- W1964127700
- Cited by
- 480
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 13.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Communications in Mathematical Physics (publishedVersion)
- Project Euclid (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Keywords
- Hawking radiation, quantum field theory in curved spacetime, quantum scattering theory, S-matrix unitarity, Schwarzschild black hole, gravitational collapse, event horizon, density matrix, blackbody emission, steady-state emission
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review