Sleep in a sitting position: effect of triazolam on sleep stages and EEG power spectra
Abstract
The effect of triazolam (0.25 mg) and placebo was investigated in healthy, male subjects who slept in a sitting position. After the intake of placebo, sleep efficiency, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and subjective sleep quality were lower than in the preceding sleep episode in bed, while stage 1 and REM sleep latency were higher. Triazolam did not prevent this impairment of sleep. However, in comparison with the placebo condition, the percentage of slow wave sleep was higher in the first third of the night, and in the morning sleep was rated as more quite. EEG power density in nonREM sleep was reduced in the frequency range of 1.25-10.0 Hz and enhanced in the range of sleep spindles (12.25-13.0 Hz). These changes were still present in the last third of the night. In REM sleep, triazolam reduced spectral activity in some frequency bins between 4.25 and 10.0 Hz. The sitting position itself affected the nonREM sleep spectra, since the placebo level in the 2.25-21.0-Hz range exceeded the baseline level. We conclude that a 0.25 mg dose of triazolam does not effectively counteract a posture-induced sleep disturbance, but induces changes in the EEG spectra which are typical for benzodiazepine receptor agonists.
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Sleep onset and maintenance depend on sleep-permissive and wake-promoting conditions such as posture.
“In real life, sleep onset and maintenance also depend on whether some seemingly trivial yet crucial conditions are met, like having attained an appropriate posture.”
From Sleep, vigilance, and thermosensitivity (2012) · cites this paper as [2]
Being in a supine position is a sleep-permissive condition, whereas being upright is a wake-promoting condition.
“Being in a supine position is being in a sleep-permissive condition, whereas being upright is being in a wake-promoting condition [2, 13, 14, 18, 49, 62].”
From Sleep, vigilance, and thermosensitivity (2012) · cites this paper as [2]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Aeschbach, D., Cajochen, C., Tobler, I., Dijk, D.-J., & Borbély, A. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Venue
- Psychopharmacology
- Published
- 1994-03
- Volume
- 114
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 209-214
- ISSN
- 0033-3158 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-2072
- OpenAlex
- W2034365069
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 2.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Open Research (University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- triazolam, benzodiazepine receptor agonists, sleep position, sitting posture, sleep stages, REM sleep, slow-wave sleep, EEG power spectra, sleep spindles, sleep efficiency, subjective sleep quality, sleep latency
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Arousal, Electroencephalography, Humans, Male, Posture, Sleep, Sleep Stages, Triazolam
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