Sleep deprivation: effect on sleep stages and EEG power density in man
Abstract
Sleep was analysed in 8 young adults subjects during two baseline nights and two recovery nights following 40.5 h sleep deprivation. Sleep stages were scored from the polygraph records according to conventional criteria. In addition, the EEG records of the entire nights were subjected to spectral analysis to compute the frequency distribution of the power density in the 0.25-25 Hz range for 0.5 Hz or 1.0 Hz bins. In the first recovery night, the power density in the delta band was significantly higher than baseline for total sleep time as well as for sleep stages 2, 3 and 4, 4 and REM. These changes were not restricted to the delta band, but extended to higher frequency bands. Minor, but significant, effects of sleep deprivation were seen in the power density distribution of the second recovery night. In the baseline nights, a progressive reduction of power density in the delta/theta range was present for successive non-REM-REM sleep cycles for total sleep time and stages 2, 3 and 4, and 4. The results show that effects of sleep deprivation as well as trends within the sleep periods are readily apparent from spectral analysis, but are inadequately reflected by conventional sleep scoring. When the power density values were integrated over the entire frequency range (0.75-25 Hz) for each non-REM-REM sleep cycle, an exponential decline from cycle 1 to cycle 3 was suggested. The present findings support the hypothesis that the EEG power density in the low frequency range is an indicator of a progressively declining process during sleep whose initial value is determined by the duration of prior waking.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Reductions in the sigma frequency band are observed under conditions of increased sleep pressure.
“Rather, a reduction in spectral power within the sigma frequency range was reported [37], with reductions in this frequency band observed under conditions of increased sleep pressure [84,85].”
From The effect of caffeine on subsequent sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [84]
Delta-band power is the dominant frequency band during sleep, increases due to sleep deprivation, and decreases following extended sleep.
“We suggest this to be the case because, apart from being the dominant frequency band during sleep30, delta-band power reflects the physiological tendency for sleep, by increasing due to sleep deprivation31 and decreasing following extended sleep32.”
From The neurophysiological correlates of religious chanting (2019) · cites this paper as [31]
Sleep deprivation typically reduces spindle activity during subsequent recovery sleep, together with an increase in SWA.
“Sleep deprivation typically reduces spindle activity during subsequent recovery sleep, together with an increase in SWA (114, 300 -302)”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [114]
Cites
Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences
Guitton, H., & Siegel, S. (1958) · Revue économique · doi:10.2307/3498751 · Cited by 35,281 · see citing works
Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences.
Whitfield, J. W., & Siegel, S. (1957) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (General) · doi:10.2307/2342828 · Cited by 8,017 · see citing works
Changes in sleep cycle patterns with age
Feinberg, I. (1974) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(74)90011-9 · Cited by 557 · see citing works
Systematic Trends Across the Night in Human Sleep Cycles
Feinberg, I., & Floyd, T. C. (1979) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1979.tb02991.x · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Responses to auditory stimulation, sleep loss and the EEG stages of sleep
Williams, H. L., Hammack, J. T., Daly, R. L., Dement, W. C., & Lubin, A. (1964) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(64)90109-9 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Sleep-deprivation: Effects on sleep and EEG in the rat
Borb�ly, A. A., & Neuhaus, H. U. (1979) · Journal of Comparative Physiology A · doi:10.1007/bf00663111 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Self-citationPappenheimer, J. R., Koski, G., Fencl, V., Karnovsky, M. L., & Krueger, J. M. (1975) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1975.38.6.1299 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Stage 4 Sleep: Influence of Time Course Variables
Webb, W. B., & Agnew, H. W. (1971) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.174.4016.1354 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Behaviour, Subsequent Sleep, and Dreaming
Berger, R. J., & Oswald, I. (1962) · Journal of Mental Science · doi:10.1192/bjp.108.455.457 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
The Effects of a Chronic Limitation of Sleep Length
Webb, W. B., & Agnew, A. H. W. (1974) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1974.tb00543.x · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Factors in cerebrospinal fluid from goats that affect sleep and activity in rats*
Fencl, V., Koski, G., & Pappenheimer, J. R. (1971) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1971.sp009541 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Period and amplitude analysis of 0.5–3c/sec activity in NREM sleep of young adults
Feinberg, I., March, J. D., Fein, G., Floyd, T. C., Walker, J. M., & Price, L. J. (1978) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(78)90266-3 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Spectral analysis of the EEG of dominant and non-dominant alpha subjects during waking and sleeping
Johnson, L. C., Lubin, A., Naitoh, P., Nute, C., & Austin, M. T. (1969) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(69)90086-8 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Normal Sleep Patterns in Macaque Monkey
Reite, M. L., Rhodes, J. M., Kavan, E. M., & ADEY, W. R. (1965) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1965.00460260023003 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Changes in frequency and amplitude of delta activity during sleep
Church, M. W., March, J. D., Hibi, S., Benson, K. L., Cavness, C., & Feinberg, I. (1975) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(75)90121-2 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Spectral Analysis of EEG Activity in Different Sleep Stages in Normal Adults
Dumermuth, G., Walz, W., Scollo‐Lavizzari, G., & Kleiner, B. (2008) · European Neurology · doi:10.1159/000114432 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
The Presence of a Sleep-promoting Material in the Brain of Sleep-deprived Rats
Nagasaki, H., Iriki, M., Inoué, S., & Uchizono, K. (1974) · Proceedings of the Japan Academy · doi:10.2183/pjab1945.50.241 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Human sleep-electroencephalogram: A damped oscillatory phenomenon
Sinha, A. K., Smythe, H., Zarcone, V. P., Barchas, J. D., & Dement, W. C. (1972) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/0022-5193(72)90046-x · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Sleep Stage Deprivation and Total Sleep Loss: Effects On Sleep Behavior
Moses, J. M., Johnson, L. C., Naitoh, P., & Lubin, A. (1975) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb01264.x · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Differential Effect of Sleep Deprivation on the Two Slow Wave Sleep Stages in the Gat
Ursin, R. (1971) · Acta Physiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1971.tb05088.x · Cited by 39 · see citing works
The search for an endogenous ?sleep-substance?
Borbély, A. A. (1980) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/0165-6147(80)90048-6 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationChanges in Sleep Pattern After Sleep Deprivation
Nakazawa, Y., Kotorii, M., Ohshima, M., Kotorii, T., & Hasuzawa, H. (1978) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1978.tb02782.x · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Takahashi, Y., Ebihara, S., Nakamura, Y., & Takahashi, K. (1978) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(78)90248-3 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Circadian rhythms ofMacaca mulatta: Sleep, EEG, body and eye movement, and temperature
Crowley, T. J., Kripke, D. F., Franz Halberg, A., Pegram, G. V., & Schildkraut, J. J. (1972) · Primates · doi:10.1007/bf01840877 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Factors in cerebrospinal fluid affecting motor activity in the rat
Sachs, J., Ungar, J., Waser, P. G., & Borbély, A. A. (1976) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(76)90028-8 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
EEG alpha and theta oscillations reflect cognitive and memory performance: a review and analysis
Klimesch, W. (1999) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(98)00056-3 · Cited by 6,889 · see citing works
Rasch, B., & Born, J. (2013) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2012 · Cited by 2,783 · see citing works
Sleep Patterns and Predictors of Disturbed Sleep in a Large Population of College Students
Lund, H. G., Reider, B. D., Whiting, A. B., & Prichard, J. R. (2010) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.06.016 · Cited by 1,907 · see citing works
Sleep Homeostasis and Models of Sleep Regulation
Borb, A. A., & Achermann, P. (1999) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/074873099129000894 · Cited by 1,503 · see citing works
Control of sleep and wakefulness
Brown, R. E., Basheer, R., McKenna, J. T., Strecker, R. E., & McCarley, R. W. (2012) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2011 · Cited by 1,477 · see citing works
Schizophrenia: Caused by a fault in programmed synaptic elimination during adolescence?
Feinberg, I. (1982) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(82)90038-3 · Cited by 1,395 · see citing works
Dijk, D., & Czeisler, C. (1995) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.15-05-03526.1995 · Cited by 1,356 · see citing works
Sleep, circadian rhythms, and delayed phase in adolescence
Crowley, S. J., Acebo, C., & Carskadon, M. A. (2007) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2006.12.002 · Cited by 1,127 · see citing works
Gennaro, L. D., & Ferrara, M. (2003) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1053/smrv.2002.0252 · Cited by 925 · see citing works
Restoration of brain energy metabolism as the function of sleep
Benington, J. H., & Heller, H. C. (1995) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/0301-0082(94)00057-o · Cited by 828 · see citing works
Regulation of adolescent sleep: Implications for behavior
CARSKADON, M. A., ACEBO, C., & JENNI, O. G. (2004) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1308.032 · Cited by 792 · see citing works
Sleep spindles: mechanisms and functions
Fernandez, L. M. J., & Lüthi, A. (2020) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00042.2018 · Cited by 716 · see citing works
Edgar, D. M., Dement, W., & Fuller, C. A. (1993) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.13-03-01065.1993 · Cited by 685 · see citing works
Physiology of the prion protein
Linden, R., Martins, V. R., Prado, M. A. M., Cammarota, M., Izquierdo, I., & Brentani, R. R. (2008) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00007.2007 · Cited by 617 · see citing works
Low-frequency (<1Hz) oscillations in the human sleep electroencephalogram
Achermann, P., & Borbély, A. A. (1997) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(97)00186-3 · Cited by 577 · see citing works
Self-citationAchermann, P., Dijk, D.-J., Brunner, D. P., & Borbély, A. A. (1993) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/0361-9230(93)90016-5 · Cited by 470 · see citing works
Self-citationHomeostatic sleep regulation in adolescents
Jenni, O. G., Achermann, P., & Carskadon, M. A. (2005) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/28.11.1446 · Cited by 469 · see citing works
Sleep-promoting effects of endogenous pyrogen (interleukin-1)
Krueger, J. M., Walter, J., Dinarello, C. A., Wolff, S. M., & CHEDID, L. A. (1984) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1984.246.6.r994 · Cited by 456 · see citing works
Yoshida, Y., Fujiki, N., Nakajima, T., Ripley, B. A., Matsumura, H., Yoneda, H., Mignot, E. J.-M., & Nishino, S. (2001) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01725.x · Cited by 449 · see citing works
Finelli, L. A., Baumann, H., Borbély, A. A., & Achermann, P. (2000) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(00)00409-7 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of unilateral somatosensory stimulation prior to sleep on the sleep EEG in humans
KATTLER, H., DIJK, D., & BORBÉLY, A. A. (1994) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00123.x · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Self-citationDijk, D., Beersma, D. G. M., & Daan, S. (1987) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/074873048700200304 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Mathematical models of sleep regulation
Achermann, P. (2003) · Frontiers in Bioscience · doi:10.2741/1064 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Jewett, M. E., Dijk, D., Kronauer, R. E., & Dinges, D. F. (1999) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/22.2.171 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Functional topography of the human nonREM sleep electroencephalogram
Finelli, L. A., Borbély, A. A., & Achermann, P. (2001) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01597.x · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Self-citationLandolt, H.-P., Dijk, D.-J., Achermann, P., & Borbély, A. A. (1996) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(96)00770-6 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Self-citationCajochen, C., Khalsa, S. B. S., Wyatt, J. K., Czeisler, C. A., & Dijk, D.-J. (1999) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1999.277.3.r640 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Cajochen, C., Brunner, D. P., Kräuchi, K., Graw, P., & Wirz‐Justice, A. (1995) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/18.10.890 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Sleep and circadian rhythms in mood disorders
Armitage, R. (2007) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2007.00968.x · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Effect of sleep deprivation on sleep and EEG power spectra in the rat
Borbély, A. A., Tobler, I., & Hanagasioglu, M. (1984) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(84)90186-4 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Self-citationKäthner, I., Wriessnegger, S. C., Muller-Putz, G. R., Kübler, A., & Halder, S. (2014) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.07.014 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Evolving concepts of sleep cycle generation: From brain centers to neuronal populations
Hobson, J. A., Lydic, R., & Baghdoyan, H. A. (1986) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00046215 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Cajochen, C., Foy, R., & Dijk, D. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Strijkstra, A. M., Beersma, D. G. M., Drayer, B., Halbesma, N., & Daan, S. (2003) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(03)00033-8 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Dijk, D.-J., Hayes, B., & Czeisler, C. A. (1993) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)90579-c · Cited by 317 · see citing works
The effect of caffeine on subsequent sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Gardiner, C., Weakley, J., Burke, L. M., Roach, G. D., Sargent, C., Maniar, N., Townshend, A., & Halson, S. L. (2023) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101764 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Han, K.-S., Kim, L., & Shim, I. (2012) · Experimental Neurobiology · doi:10.5607/en.2012.21.4.141 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
All‐night dynamics of the human sleep EEG
AESCHBACH, D., & BORBÉLY, A. A. (1993) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1993.tb00065.x · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Self-citationSleep and Sleep Regulation in Normal and Prion Protein-Deficient Mice
Tobler, I., Deboer, T., & Fischer, M. (1997) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-05-01869.1997 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Banks, S., Van Dongen, H. P. A., Maislin, G., & Dinges, D. F. (2010) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/33.8.1013 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Sleep homeostasis: a role for adenosine in humans?
Landolt, H.-P. (2008) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2008.02.024 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Sleep timing, chronotype and social jetlag: Impact on cognitive abilities and psychiatric disorders
Taillard, J., Sagaspe, P., Philip, P., & Bioulac, S. (2021) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114438 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Genetic variation in EEG activity during sleep in inbred mice
Franken, P., Malafosse, A., & Tafti, M. (1998) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1998.275.4.r1127 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Campbell, I. G., & Feinberg, I. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0812947106 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Sleep as restitution: an introduction
Åkerstedt, T., & Nilsson, P. M. (2003) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.2003.01195.x · Cited by 275 · see citing works
The Emperor Has No Clothes: A Review of the ‘Pornography Addiction’ Model
Ley, D., Prause, N., & Finn, P. (2014) · Current Sexual Health Reports · doi:10.1007/s11930-014-0016-8 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Light Treatment for Sleep Disorders: Consensus Report
Eastman, C. I., Boulos, Z., Terman, M., Campbell, S. S., Dijk, D., & Lewy, A. J. (1995) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/074873049501000208 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Jones, B. E. (2019) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-019-0444-2 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Neurochemical regulation of sleep
Steiger, A. (2007) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.04.007 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Rétey, J., Adam, M., Honegger, E., Khatami, R., Luhmann, U. F. O., Jung, H. H., Berger, W., & Landolt, H. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0505414102 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Vgontzas, A. N., Mastorakos, G., Bixler, E. O., Kales, A., Gold, P. W., & Chrousos, G. P. (1999) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.1999.00763.x · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Spectral Analysis of the Sleep Electroencephalogram During Adolescence
(2004) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/27.4.774 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Effects of Method, Duration, and Sleep Stage on Rebounds from Sleep Deprivation in the Rat
Rechtschaffen, A., Bergmann, B. M., Gilliland, M. A., & Bauer, K. (1999) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/22.1.11 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Somnambulism: clinical aspects and pathophysiological hypotheses
Zadra, A., Desautels, A., Petit, D., & Montplaisir, J. (2013) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(12)70322-8 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
The first-night effect may last more than one night
Bon, O. L., Staner, L., Hoffmann, G., Dramaix, M., Sebastian, I. S., Murphy, J. R., Kentos, M., Pelc, I., & Linkowski, P. (2001) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3956(01)00019-x · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Local Experience-Dependent Changes in the Wake EEG after Prolonged Wakefulness
Hung, C., Sarasso, S., Ferrarelli, F., Riedner, B. A., Ghilardi, M. F., Cirelli, C., & Tononi, G. (2012) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.2302 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Motomura, Y., Kitamura, S., Oba, K., Terasawa, Y., Enomoto, M., Katayose, Y., Hida, A., Moriguchi, Y., Higuchi, S., & Mishima, K. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056578 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Sleep on the Night Shift: 24‐Hour EEG Monitoring of Spontaneous Sleep/Wake Behavior
Torsvall, L., Åkerstedt, T., Gillander, K., & Knutsson, A. (1989) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1989.tb01934.x · Cited by 218 · see citing works
EEG power spectra in sleep-onset insomnia
Freedman, R. R. (1986) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(86)90122-7 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Trait-like individual differences in the human sleep electroencephalogram
Buckelmüller, J., Landolt, H.-P., Stassen, H. H., & Achermann, P. (2006) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.11.005 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
The two‐process model of sleep regulation: Beginnings and outlook †
Borbély, A. A. (2022) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13598 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Self-citationInterictal Spiking Increases with Sleep Depth in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Malow, B. A., Lin, X., Kushwaha, R. K., & Aldrich, M. S. (1998) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01329.x · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Caffeine Attenuates Waking and Sleep Electroencephalographic Markers of Sleep Homeostasis in Humans
Landolt, H., Rétey, J., Tönz, K., Gottselig, J. M., Khatami, R., Buckelmüller, I., & Achermann, P. (2004) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300526 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Caffeine intake (200 mg) in the morning affects human sleep and EEG power spectra at night
Landolt, H.-P., Werth, E., Borbély, A. A., & Dijk, D.-J. (1995) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)00040-w · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Self-citationDevelopment of the nocturnal sleep electroencephalogram in human infants
Jenni, O. G., Borbély, A. A., & Achermann, P. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00503.2003 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Self-citationMattiasson, A., Abrams, P., Kerrebroeck, P. V., Walter, S., & Weiss, J. P. (2002) · British Journal of Urology · doi:10.1046/j.1464-410x.2002.02791.x · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Involvement of Ca2+-Dependent Hyperpolarization in Sleep Duration in Mammals
Tatsuki, F., Sunagawa, G. A., Shi, S., Susaki, E. A., Yukinaga, H., Perrin, D., Sumiyama, K., Ukai‐Tadenuma, M., Fujishima, H., Ohno, R.-I., et al. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.02.032 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Total sleep deprivation, chronic sleep restriction and sleep disruption
Reynolds, A. C., & Banks, S. (2010) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53702-7.00006-3 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Sex Differences in the Sleep EEG of Young Adults: Visual Scoring and Spectral Analysis
Dijk, D., Beersma, D. G. M., & Bloem, G. M. (1989) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/12.6.500 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Age‐related modifications of NREM sleep EEG: from childhood to middle age
Gaudreau, H., Carrier, J., & Montplaisir, J. Y. (2001) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.2001.00252.x · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Espa, F., Ondze, B., Deglise, P., Billiard, M., & Besset, A. (2000) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(00)00249-2 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Age-dependent changes in sleep EEG topography
Landolt, H.-P., & Borbély, A. A. (2001) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(00)00542-3 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Self-citationHomeostatic sleep regulation in habitual short sleepers and long sleepers
Aeschbach, D., Cajochen, C., Landolt, H., & Borbély, A. A. (1996) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1996.270.1.r41 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Self-citationCaffeine Reduces Low-Frequency Delta Activity in the Human Sleep EEG
Landolt, H. (1995) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/0893-133x(94)00079-f · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Self-citationCoherence analysis of the human sleep electroencephalogram
Achermann, P., & Borbély, A. A. (1998) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(97)00692-1 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Self-citationVgontzas, A. N., Pejovic, S., Zoumakis, E., Lin, H. M., Bixler, E. O., Basta, M., Fang, J., Sarrigiannidis, A., & Chrousos, G. P. (2006) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00651.2005 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Separation of circadian and wake duration-dependent modulation of EEG activation during wakefulness
Cajochen, C., Wyatt, J. K., Czeisler, C. A., & Dijk, D. (2002) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00209-9 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
All night spectral analysis of EEG sleep in young adult and middle-aged male subjects
Dijk, D., Beersma, D. G. M., & Vandenhoofdakker, R. (1989) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(89)90004-3 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Marshall, L., Kirov, R., Brade, J., Mölle, M., & Born, J. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016905 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Sleep function(s) and cerebral metabolism
Maquet, P. (1995) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(95)00017-n · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Cerebral correlates of delta waves during non-REM sleep revisited
Dang‐Vu, T. T., Desseilles, M., Laureys, S., Degueldre, C., Perrin, F., Phillips, C. L. M., Maquet, P., & Peigneux, P. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.05.028 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Individual 'Fingerprints' in Human Sleep EEG Topography
Finelli, L. (2001) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(01)00320-7 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
The effect of 3-h and 6-h sleep deprivation on sleep and EEG spectra of the rat
Tobler, I., & Borbély, A. A. (1990) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(90)90161-7 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Self-citationBrunner, D. P., Dijk, D., Tobler, I., & Borbély, A. A. (1990) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(90)90136-8 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Self-citationSimulation of daytime vigilance by the additive interaction of a homeostatic and a circadian process
Achermann, P., & Borbély, A. A. (1994) · Biological Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/bf00197314 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Self-citationSleep Initiation and Initial Sleep Intensity: Interactions of Homeostatic and Circadian Mechanisms
Borbély, A. A., Achermann, P., Trachsel, L., & Tobler, I. (1989) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/074873048900400205 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Self-citationCognitive neuroscience of sleep
Poe, G. R., Walsh, C. M., & Bjorness, T. E. (2010) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53702-7.00001-4 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
All-night spectral analysis of the sleep EEG in untreated depressives and normal controls
Borbély, A. A., Tobler, I., Loepfe, M., Kupfer, D. J., Ulrich, R. F., Grochocinski, V. J., Doman, J. M., & Matthews, G. A. (1984) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(84)90135-5 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Self-citationJurysta, F., van de Borne, P., Migeotte, P., Dumont, M., Lanquart, J. ‐., Degaute, J. P., & Linkowski, P. (2003) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(03)00215-3 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Sleep EEG, depression and gender
Armitage, R., & Hoffmann, R. F. (2001) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1053/smrv.2000.0144 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Dynamics of slow-wave activity during the NREM sleep of sleepwalkers and control subjects
Gaudreau, H., Joncas, S., Zadra, A., & Montplaisir, J. (2000) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/23.6.1d · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Effects of sleep deprivation on neural functioning: an integrative review
Boonstra, T. W., Stins, J. F., Daffertshofer, A., & Beek, P. J. (2007) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-007-6457-8 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Drewes, A. M., Svendsen, L., Taagholt, S. J., Bjerregård, K., Nielsen, K. D., & Hansen, B. (1998) · Lara D. Veeken · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/37.1.71 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Age and gender variations of sleep in subjects without sleep disorders
Luca, G., Haba‐Rubio, J., Andries, D., Tobback, N., Vollenweider, P., Waeber, G., Marques-Vidal, P. M., Preisig, M., Heinzer, R. C., & Tafti, M. (2015) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.3109/07853890.2015.1074271 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Dynamics of frontal EEG activity, sleepiness and body temperature under high and low sleep pressure
Cajochen, C., Knoblauch, V., Kräuchi, K., Renz, C., & Wirz‐Justice, A. (2001) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200107200-00046 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Effect of valerian on human sleep
Balderer, G., & Borb�ly, A. A. (1985) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00432503 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Self-citationPerlis, M. L., Kehr, E. L., Smith, M. T., Andrews, P. J., Orff, H. J., & Giles, D. E. (2001) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.2001.00247.x · Cited by 161 · see citing works
The value of sleep deprivation as a diagnostic tool in adult sleepwalkers
Joncas, S., Zadra, A., Paquet, J., & Montplaisir, J. (2002) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.58.6.936 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Sleep, its regulation and possible mechanisms of sleep disturbances
Porkka‐Heiskanen, T., Zitting, K. ‐., & Wigren, H. ‐. (2013) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/apha.12134 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Molecular Mechanisms of Sleep Homeostasis in Flies and MammalsPreprint
Allada, R., Cirelli, C., & Sehgal, A. (2017) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a027730 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
- Authors
- Borbély, A. A., Baumann, F., Brandeis, D., Strauch, I., & Lehmann, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Zurich (CH)
- ORCID
- Borbély, Alexander A
- Venue
- Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1981-05
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 483-493
- ISSN
- 0013-4694 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2082699503
- Cited by
- 1,013
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 37
- FWCI
- 5.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- sleep deprivation, sleep stages, EEG spectral power, delta band, spectral analysis, recovery sleep, sleep stage classification, young adults, total sleep time, REM sleep
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Male, Reaction Time, Sleep Deprivation, Sleep Stages
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
