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Cited by 299Employment and Welfare StudiesMental Health Treatment and AccessWorkplace Health and Well-being

Depression and unemployment: Panel findings from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area study

Dooley, David, Catalano, Ralph, Wilson, Georjeanna·1994·American Journal of Community Psychology
DOI 10.1007/bf02521557
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Abstract

Studies that have found an association between unemployment and psychological depression often fail to establish the direction of causal influence. Analyses of Epidemiologic Catchment Area panel data revealed that of employed respondents not diagnosed with major depression at first interview, those who became unemployed had over twice the risk of increased depressive symptoms and of becoming clinically depressed as those who continued employed. Although the increase in symptoms was statistically significant, the effect on clinical depression was not, possibly because of the low power of the test. The reverse causal path from clinical depression at Time 1 to becoming unemployed by Time 2 was not supported. The unemployment rate in the respondent's community at time of interview was not related directly to psychological depression but appeared associated indirectly with depression via its impact on the risk of becoming unemployed. Implications for policy and further research were discussed.

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  • Under- and unemployment are associated with negative health effects including increased anxiety and depressive symptoms, higher rates of mental health hospitalization, pain, alcohol abuse, and suicide.

    “The negative health effects of under- and unemployment, or insufficient employment, are well known,2 including increased anxiety and depressive symptoms, and higher rates of mental health hospitalization, pain, alcohol abuse, and suicide.3–6”

    From Feasibility and Acceptability of a Community-Based Modified Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program for the Under- and Unemployed (2020) · cites this paper as [4]

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Authors
Dooley, D., Catalano, R., & Wilson, G.
Affiliations
  • University of California, Irvine (US)
  • University of California, Berkeley (US)
Corresponding author
Dooley, David
ORCID
Catalano, Ralph
Venue
American Journal of Community Psychology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1994-12
Volume
22
Issue
6
Pages
745-765
ISSN
  • 0091-0562 (ISSN-L)
  • 1573-2770
DOI
10.1007/bf02521557
OpenAlex
W2034208120
Cited by
298
References
51
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 18
FWCI
6.47
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • American Journal of Community Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01aa008379-02)
  • National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (5 RO1 AA08379-02)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Employment and Welfare Studies
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Workplace Health and Well-being
Keywords
depression, unemployment, major depressive disorder, depressive symptoms, causal direction, community unemployment, employment status
MeSH terms
Adult, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Catchment Area, Health, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Personality Assessment, Psychometrics, Unemployment, United States, Urban Population, Incidence

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