Molecular mechanisms of endotoxin activity
Abstract
Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), a constituent of the outer membrane of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria, exerts a wide variety of biological effects in humans. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms underlying these activities and discusses structure-function relationships of the endotoxin molecule, its interaction with humoral and cellular receptors involved in cell activation, and transmembrane and intracellular signal transduction pathways.
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Macrophages produce inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-6 in response to LPS stimulation, which causes serious damage in mice.
“Macrophages produce inflammatory cytokines, TNFα and IL-6 in response to LPS stimulation, which causes serious damage in mice [11].”
From Prolyl Isomerase Pin1 Protects Mice from Endotoxin Shock (2011) · cites this paper as [11]
Cites
Weinstein, S. L., Sanghera, J. S., Lemke, K., DeFranco, A. L., & Pelech, S. L. (1992) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)42133-3 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
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Toll-like Receptor-4 Mediates Lipopolysaccharide-induced Signal Transduction
Chow, J. C., Young, D. W., Golenbock, D. T., Christ, W. J., & Gusovsky, F. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.16.10689 · Cited by 1,924 · see citing works
Tili, E., Michaille, J.-J., Cimino, A., Costinean, S., Dumitru, C. D., Adair, B., Fabbri, M., Alder, H., Liu, C. G., Calin, G. A., et al. (2007) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.179.8.5082 · Cited by 1,304 · see citing works
Human toll-like receptor 2 confers responsiveness to bacterial lipopolysaccharide
Kirschning, C. J., Wesche, H., Merrill Ayres, T., & Rothe, M. (1998) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.188.11.2091 · Cited by 753 · see citing works
Paik, Y.-H., Schwabe, R. F., Bataller, R., Russo, M. P., Jobin, C., & Brenner, D. A. (2003) · Hepatology · doi:10.1053/jhep.2003.50182 · Cited by 651 · see citing works
Hsu, H.-Y., & Wen, M.-H. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m111883200 · Cited by 519 · see citing works
Sanlioglu, S., Williams, C. M., Samavati, L., Butler, N. S., Wang, G., McCray, P. B., Ritchie, T. C., Hunninghake, G. W., Zandi, E., & Engelhardt, J. F. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m102061200 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Deficiency of iNOS contributes to <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>‐induced tissue damage
Alayan, J., Ivanovski, S., Gemmell, E., Ford, P., Hamlet, S., & Farah, C. S. (2006) · Oral Microbiology and Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1399-302x.2006.00304.x · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Prolyl Isomerase Pin1 Protects Mice from Endotoxin Shock
Akiyama, H., Misawa, T., Ono, M., Uchida, C., & Uchida, T. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014656 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Pin1 selectively attenuated LPS-induced IL-6 transcription Macrophages produce inflammatory cytokines, TNFa and IL-6 in response to LPS stimulation, which causes serious damage in mice [11].”
Background
- Authors
- Schletter, J., Heine, H., Ulmer, A. J., & Rietschel, E. T.
- Affiliations
- Research Center Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center (DE)
- ORCID
- Heine, Holger
- Venue
- Archives of Microbiology
- Published
- 1995-12
- Volume
- 164
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 383-389
- ISSN
- 0003-9276 (ISSN-L)
- 0302-8933
- 1432-072X
- OpenAlex
- W1975215292
- Cited by
- 308
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 0.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Archives of Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Escherichia coli research studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Keywords
- endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide, Gram-negative bacteria, structure-function relationship, endotoxin receptor, signal transduction, cell activation, host immune response, bacterial outer membrane
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Carbohydrate Sequence, Endotoxins, Humans, Lipid A, Lipopolysaccharides, Membrane Proteins, Molecular Sequence Data, Shock, Septic, Signal Transduction, Lipopolysaccharide Receptors
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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