The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Political Democracy: Conceptual and Measurement Traps
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
An Economic Theory of Democracy.
Banfield, E. C., & Downs, A. (1958) · Midwest Journal of Political Science · doi:10.2307/2109186 · Cited by 18,594
Structural Equations with Latent Variables.
Clogg, C. C., & Bollen, K. A. (1991) · Contemporary Sociology · doi:10.2307/2072165 · Cited by 17,442
Self-citationStructural Equations with Latent Variables
Bollen, K. A. (1989) · Wiley series in probability and statistics · doi:10.1002/9781118619179 · Cited by 17,277
Self-citationCapitalism, Socialism and Democracy
Fukuyama, F., & Schumpeter, J. A. (1997) · Foreign Affairs · doi:10.2307/20048211 · Cited by 15,264
Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition.
Ericson, J. E., & Dahl, R. A. (1972) · American Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2711442 · Cited by 7,203
Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy
Lipset, S. M. (1959) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/1951731 · Cited by 7,050
An Economic Theory of Democracy
Marvick, D., & Downs, A. (1960) · The Western Political Quarterly · doi:10.2307/444355 · Cited by 4,109
Mills, C. W. (1956) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,631
Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy.
Robinson, J., & Schumpeter, J. A. (1951) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/2226618 · Cited by 3,565
On the Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy
Moore, B. (1984) · Critique and Anti-Critique · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-86027-2_4 · Cited by 2,694
Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy.
Ginzberg, E., & Schumpeter, J. A. (1947) · Industrial and Labor Relations Review · doi:10.2307/2518575 · Cited by 2,483
Muthén, B. (1984) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02294210 · Cited by 1,544
World Handbook of Political and Social Indicators
(1965) · International Affairs · doi:10.1093/ia/41.2.316a · Cited by 1,048
Issues in the Comparative Measurement of Political Democracy
Bollen, K. A. (1980) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2095172 · Cited by 777
Self-citationPolitical Democracy and the Size Distribution of Income
Bollen, K. A., & Jackman, R. W. (1985) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2095432 · Cited by 535
Self-citationThe Politics of the Developing Areas
Benda, H. J., Almond, G. A., & Coleman, J. S. (1961) · The American Historical Review · doi:10.2307/1844036 · Cited by 528
Democracy, Economic Development, and Income Inequality
Muller, E. N. (1988) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2095732 · Cited by 516
World Handbook of Political and Social Indicators, 1961-1963: Archival Version
Russett, B. M., Deutsch, K., Alker, H., & Lasswell, H. (1984) · ICPSR Data Holdings · doi:10.3886/icpsr05022 · Cited by 511
Becker, H., Mosca, G., & Kahn, H. D. (1940) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2083948 · Cited by 457
National Political Development: Measurement and Analysis
Cutright, P. (1969) · Comparative Government · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-15318-3_5 · Cited by 376
(1985) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/1956375 · Cited by 364
National Political Development: Measurement and Analysis
Cutright, P. (1963) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2090612 · Cited by 344
Pearson's R and Coarsely Categorized Measures
Bollen, K. A., & Barb, K. H. (1981) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2094981 · Cited by 337
Self-citationPolitical Democracy and the Timing of Development
Bollen, K. A. (1979) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2094588 · Cited by 327
Self-citationCohen, M. R., Mosca, G., Kahn, H., & Livingston, A. E. (1959) · Cited by 269
Democracy, Stability, and Dichotomies
Bollen, K. A., & Jackman, R. W. (1989) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2095882 · Cited by 219
Self-citationHewitt, C. (1977) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2094750 · Cited by 216
Cross Polity Survey, 1963: Version 1
Banks, A. S., & Textor, R. B. (1984) · ICPSR Data Holdings · doi:10.3886/icpsr05004.v1 · Cited by 190
The Dimension(s) of Democracy: Further Issues in the Measurement and Effects of Political Democracy
Bollen, K. A., & Grandjean, B. D. (1981) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2094946 · Cited by 163
Self-citationFreedom in the World: Political Rights and Civil Liberties, 1981
Thompson, K. W., & Gastil, R. D. (1982) · Human Rights Quarterly · doi:10.2307/762216 · Cited by 160
Bollen, K. A. (1986) · Human Rights Quarterly · doi:10.2307/762193 · Cited by 118
Self-citationInequality: A Cross-National Analysis
Cutright, P. (1967) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2091024 · Cited by 117
Political Democracy and Social Equality: A Comparative Analysis
Jackman, R. W. (1974) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2094274 · Cited by 111
Modernization and political representation: 1927–1966
Cutright, P., & Wiley, J. A. (1969) · Studies in Comparative International Development · doi:10.1007/bf02800607 · Cited by 70
Cited by
Temple, J. (1999) · Journal of Economic Literature · doi:10.1257/jel.37.1.112 · Cited by 2,095
Determinants of Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Empirical Study
Cooper, R. N., & Barro, R. J. (1997) · Foreign Affairs · doi:10.2307/20048292 · Cited by 2,001
Barro, R. J. (1999) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/250107 · Cited by 1,746
The institutional environment for economic growth
Henisz, W. J. (2000) · Economics & Politics · doi:10.1111/1468-0343.00066 · Cited by 1,651
Tracking Democracy's Third Wave with the Polity III Data
Jaggers, K., & Gurr, T. R. (1995) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343395032004007 · Cited by 1,317
Metadata
- Authors
- Bollen, K. A.
- Venue
- Studies In Comparative International Development
- Published
- 1990-03
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 7-24
- ISSN
- 0039-3606 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-6167
- OpenAlex
- W2084123675
- Cited by
- 441
- References
- 34
- FWCI
- 60.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
