The soft mode in the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model and its gravity dual
Open accessAbstract
A bstract: We give an exposition of the SYK model with several new results. A non-local correction to the Schwarzian effective action is found. The same action is obtained by integrating out the bulk degrees of freedom in a certain variant of dilaton gravity. We also discuss general properties of out-of-time-order correlators.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Recent studies show that SYK does not exhibit a spin glass phase; a saddle-point analysis of the replica trick in the large-N limit indicates that no saddles correlating different replicas dominate the correlators Z^m at any temperature.
“These investigations show that SYK does not exhibit a spin glass phase; that is, a saddle-point analysis of the replica trick in the large-N limit (see e.g.[33,34]) indicates that no saddles correlating different replicas dominate the correlators Z m at any temperature [33,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43].”
From Free energy from replica wormholes (2021) · cites this paper as [34]
The Introduction says that, for q=4 SYK, a transition to a glassy phase is expected at an extremely low temperature, rather than ruling one out at every temperature. The appendix also limits the equivalence of the replica-diagonal mean-field action to T > T_glass; it does not establish that replica-correlating saddles never dominate. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Anti de Sitter space and holography
Witten, E. (1998) · Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics · doi:10.4310/atmp.1998.v2.n2.a2 · Cited by 13,070 · see citing works
Gapless spin-fluid ground state in a random quantum Heisenberg magnet
Sachdev, S., & Ye, J. (1993) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.70.3339 · Cited by 1,910 · see citing works
Jensen, K. (2016) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.117.111601 · Cited by 695 · see citing works
Shenker, S. H., & Stanford, D. (2015) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep05(2015)132 · Cited by 604 · see citing works
Black holes and random matrices
Cotler, J. S., Gur-Ari, G., Hanada, M., Polchinski, J., Saad, P., Shenker, S. H., Stanford, D., Streicher, A., & Tezuka, M. (2017) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep05(2017)118 · Cited by 562 · see citing works
Sachdev–Ye–Kitaev model as Liouville quantum mechanics
Bagrets, D., Altland, A., & Kamenev, A. (2016) · Nuclear Physics B · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2016.08.002 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Two-dimensional quantum gravity in Minkowski space
Banks, T., & O'Loughlin, M. (1991) · Nuclear Physics B · doi:10.1016/0550-3213(91)90547-b · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 41
- O. Parcollet and A. Georges, Non-Fermi-liquid regime of a doped Mott insulator, Phys. Rev. B 59 (1999) 5341 [cond-mat/9806119]. · DOI
- A. Georges, O. Parcollet and S. Sachdev, Quantum fluctuations of a nearly critical Heisenberg spin glass, Phys. Rev. B 63 (2001) 134406 [cond-mat/0009388]. · DOI
- S. Sachdev, Strange metals and the AdS/CFT correspondence, J. Stat. Mech. 1011 (2010) P11022 [arXiv:1010.0682] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
- T. Dray and G. 't Hooft, The Gravitational Shock Wave of a Massless Particle, Nucl. Phys. B 253 (1985) 173 [INSPIRE]. · DOI
- G. 't Hooft, Strings From Gravity, Phys. Scripta T 15 (1987) 143. · DOI
- G. 't Hooft, The black hole interpretation of string theory, Nucl. Phys. B 335 (1990) 138 [INSPIRE]. · DOI
- G. 't Hooft, The Scattering matrix approach for the quantum black hole: An Overview, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 11 (1996) 4623 [gr-qc/9607022] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
- S.H. Shenker and D. Stanford, Black holes and the butterfly effect, JHEP 03 (2014) 067 [arXiv:1306.0622] [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
- A. Kitaev, Hidden correlations in the Hawking radiation and thermal noise, talk at Breakthrough Prize Symposium, San Francisco U.S.A. (2014), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ9qN8j7EZI.
- Y. Sekino and L. Susskind, Fast Scramblers, JHEP 10 (2008) 065 [arXiv:0808.2096] [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
- J. Maldacena, S.H. Shenker and D. Stanford, A bound on chaos, JHEP 08 (2016) 106 [arXiv:1503.01409] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
- A.J. Bray and M.A. Moore, Replica theory of quantum spin glasses, J. Phys. C 13 (1980) L655. · DOI
- J. Polchinski and V. Rosenhaus, The spectrum in the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev Model, JHEP 04 (2016) 001 [arXiv:1601.06768] [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
- J. Maldacena and D. Stanford, Remarks on the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model, Phys. Rev. D 94 (2016) 106002 [arXiv:1604.07818] [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
- J. Maldacena, D. Stanford and Z. Yang, Conformal symmetry and its breaking in two dimensional Nearly Anti-de-Sitter space, PTEP 2016 (2016) 12C104 [arXiv:1606.01857] [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
- J. Engelsöy, T.G. Mertens and H. Verlinde, An investigation of AdS 2 backreaction and holography, JHEP 07 (2016) 139 [arXiv:1606.03438] [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
- A. Jevicki, K. Suzuki and J. Yoon, Bi-Local Holography in the SYK Model, JHEP 07 (2016) 007 [arXiv:1603.06246] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
- A. Jevicki and K. Suzuki, Bi-Local Holography in the SYK Model: Perturbations, JHEP 11 (2016) 046 [arXiv:1608.07567] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
- D. Bagrets, A. Altland and A. Kamenev, Power-law out of time order correlation functions in the SYK model, Nucl. Phys. B 921 (2017) 727 [arXiv:1702.08902] [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
- D. Stanford and E. Witten, Fermionic Localization of the Schwarzian Theory, JHEP 10 (2017) 008 [arXiv:1703.04612] [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
- S. Sachdev, Bekenstein-Hawking Entropy and Strange Metals, Phys. Rev. X 5 (2015) 041025 [arXiv:1506.05111] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
- W. Fu, D. Gaiotto, J. Maldacena and S. Sachdev, Supersymmetric Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev models, Phys. Rev. D 95 (2017) 026009 [arXiv:1610.08917] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
- D.J. Gross and V. Rosenhaus, A Generalization of Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev, JHEP 02 (2017) 093 [arXiv:1610.01569] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
- E. Witten, An SYK-like model without disorder, arXiv:1610.09758 [INSPIRE]. · arXiv
- I.R. Klebanov and G. Tarnopolsky, Uncolored random tensors, melon diagrams and the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev models, Phys. Rev. D 95 (2017) 046004 [arXiv:1611.08915] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
- Y. Gu, X.-L. Qi and D. Stanford, Local criticality, diffusion and chaos in generalized Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev models, JHEP 05 (2017) 125 [arXiv:1609.07832] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
- C. Peng, M. Spradlin and A. Volovich, A Supersymmetric SYK-like Tensor Model, JHEP 05 (2017) 062 [arXiv:1612.03851] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
- D. Louis-Martinez and G. Kunstatter, Birkhoff 's theorem in two-dimensional dilaton gravity, Phys. Rev. D 49 (1994) 5227. · DOI
- D.J. Gross and V. Rosenhaus, The Bulk Dual of SYK: Cubic Couplings, JHEP 05 (2017) 092 [arXiv:1702.08016] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
- A. Kitaev, Notes on SL(2, R) representations, arXiv:1711.08169 [INSPIRE]. · arXiv
- J. Repka, Tensor products of unitary representations of SL 2 (R), Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 82 (1976) 930. · DOI
- J. Repka, Tensor products of unitary representations of SL 2 (R), Am. J. Math. 100 (1978) 747. · DOI
- D.A. Roberts, D. Stanford and L. Susskind, Localized shocks, JHEP 03 (2015) 051 [arXiv:1409.8180] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
- Y. Kiem, H.L. Verlinde and E.P. Verlinde, Black hole horizons and complementarity, Phys. Rev. D 52 (1995) 7053 [hep-th/9502074] [INSPIRE]. JHEP05(2018)183 · DOI
- J. Polchinski, Chaos in the black hole S-matrix, arXiv:1505.08108 [INSPIRE]. · arXiv
- R.P. Feynman and F.L. Vernon, Jr., The Theory of a general quantum system interacting with a linear dissipative system, Annals Phys. 24 (1963) 118 [INSPIRE]. · DOI
- S.H. Shenker and D. Stanford, Multiple Shocks, JHEP 12 (2014) 046 [arXiv:1312.3296] [INSPIRE]. · DOI
- R. Jackiw, Lower dimensional gravity, Nucl. Phys. B 252 (1985) 343. · DOI · Paper page
- C. Teitelboim, Gravitation and Hamiltonian structure in two space-time dimensions, Phys. Lett. B 126 (1983) 41. · DOI · Paper page
- A. Almheiri and J. Polchinski, Models of AdS 2 backreaction and holography, JHEP 11 (2015) 014 [arXiv:1402.6334] [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
- S.S. Gubser, I.R. Klebanov and A.M. Polyakov, Gauge theory correlators from noncritical string theory, Phys. Lett. B 428 (1998) 105 [hep-th/9802109] [INSPIRE]. · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Replica wormholes and the black hole interior
Penington, G., Shenker, S. H., Stanford, D., & Yang, Z. (2019) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1911.11977 · Cited by 809
Replica wormholes and the black hole interior
Penington, G., Shenker, S. H., Stanford, D., & Yang, Z. (2022) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep03(2022)205 · Cited by 807 · see citing works
The factorization problem in Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity
Harlow, D., & Jafferis, D. (2020) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep02(2020)177 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
On the dynamics of near-extremal black holes
Nayak, P., Shukla, A., Soni, R. M., Trivedi, S. P., & Vishal, V. (2018) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep09(2018)048 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
The statistical mechanics of near-extremal black holes
Iliesiu, L. V., & Turiaci, G. J. (2021) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep05(2021)145 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
A universal Schwarzian sector in two-dimensional conformal field theories
Ghosh, A., Maxfield, H., & Turiaci, G. J. (2020) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep05(2020)104 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Free energy from replica wormholes
Engelhardt, N., Fischetti, S., & Maloney, A. (2021) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.103.046021 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
2D dilaton-gravity, deformations of the minimal string, and matrix models
Turiaci, G. J., Usatyuk, M., & Weng, W. W. (2021) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/1361-6382/ac25df · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Does the SYK model have a spin glass phase?
Gur-Ari, G., Mahajan, R., & Vaezi, A. (2018) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep11(2018)070 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Jackiw-Teitelboim model coupled to conformal matter in the semi-classical limit
Moitra, U., Sake, S. K., Trivedi, S. P., & Vishal, V. (2020) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep04(2020)199 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Replica symmetry breaking in random matrix model: A toy model of wormhole networks
Okuyama, K. (2020) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135280 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Joshi, L. K., Mukhopadhyay, A., & Soloviev, A. (2020) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.101.066001 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kitaev, A., & Suh, S. J.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Suh, S. Josephine
- ORCID
- Suh, S. Josephine
- Venue
- Journal of High Energy Physics
- Published
- 2018-05
- Volume
- 2018
- Issue
- 5
- ISSN
- 1029-8479 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2769687921
- Cited by
- 633
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 34 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 81 · 2022: 86 · 2021: 102 · 2020: 94 · 2019: 81 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 43.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of High Energy Physics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (1607611)
- Simons Foundation (PHY-1607611, 376205, 376206)
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
- Aspen Center for Physics (PHY1607611, 1607611)
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (376206)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum many-body systems
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
- Keywords
- Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model, soft mode, dilaton gravity, AdS/CFT correspondence, out-of-time-order correlators, holographic dual, quantum chaos
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review