Transplanckian axions!?
Open accessAbstract
We discuss quantum gravitational effects in Einstein theory coupled to periodic axion scalars to analyze the viability of several proposals to achieve superplanckian axion periods (aka decay constants) and their possible application to large field inflation models. The effects we study correspond to the nucleation of euclidean gravitational instantons charged under the axion, and our results are essentially compatible with (but independent of) the Weak Gravity Conjecture, as follows: single axion theories with superplanckian periods contain gravitational instantons inducing sizable higher harmonics in the axion potential, which spoil superplanckian inflaton field range. A similar result holds for multi-axion models with lattice alignment (like the Kim-Nilles-Peloso model). Finally, theories with N axions can still achieve a moderately superplanckian periodicity (by a $$ \sqrt{N} $$ factor) with no higher harmonics in the axion potential. The Weak Gravity Conjecture fails to hold in this case due to the absence of some instantons, which are forbidden by a discrete Z N gauge symmetry. Finally we discuss the realization of these instantons as euclidean D-branes in string compactifications.
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For effective axions with f > M_P, wormholes could in principle have a sizeable impact in the inflaton potential.
“For (effective) axions with f > M P , this is relevant in the context of large-field inflation, where wormholes could in principle have a sizeable impact in the inflaton potential (Montero et al., 2015;Hebecker et al., 2017).”
From Euclidean Wormholes, Baby Universes, and Their Impact on Particle Physics and Cosmology (2018) · cites this paper as Montero et al., 2015
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The Weak Gravity Conjecture in three dimensions
Montero, M., Shiu, G., & Soler, P. (2016) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep10(2016)159 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Self-citationA stringy test of the Scalar Weak Gravity Conjecture
Lee, S.-J., Wolfgang Lerche, A., & Weigand, T. (2018) · Nuclear Physics B · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2018.11.001 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
A Tower Weak Gravity Conjecture from Infrared Consistency
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The Weak Gravity Conjecture and emergence from an ultraviolet cutoff
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Backreacted axion field ranges in string theory
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The ALP miracle: unified inflaton and dark matter
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Planckian axions and the Weak Gravity Conjecture
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Winding out of the Swamp: Evading the weak gravity conjecture with F -term winding inflation?
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Euclidean Wormholes, Baby Universes, and Their Impact on Particle Physics and Cosmology
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“The potentially strong constraints on large-field inflation arising from the weak gravity conjecture are being intensely studied, and are one of the main reasons for the current interest in wormhole physics [76,93,95].”
BackgroundInfluentialWeak gravity strongly constrains large-field axion inflation
Heidenreich, B., Matthew Reece, B., & Rudelius, T. (2015) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep12(2015)108 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Merging the weak gravity and distance conjectures using BPS extremal black holes
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Self-citationThe swampland conjecture and F-term axion monodromy inflation
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Self-citationEmergent strings, duality and weak coupling limits for two-form fields
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Swampland Conjectures for strings and membranes
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Self-citationThe refined Swampland Distance Conjecture in Calabi-Yau moduli spaces
Blumenhagen, R., Klaewer, D., Schlechter, L., & Wolf, F. (2018) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep06(2018)052 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Repulsive forces and the weak gravity conjecture
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Modular fluxes, elliptic genera, and weak gravity conjectures in four dimensions
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The Refined Swampland Distance Conjecture in Calabi-Yau Moduli Spaces
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Relaxion monodromy and the Weak Gravity Conjecture
Ibáñez, L. E., Montero, M., Uranga, Á. M., & Valenzuela, I. (2016) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep04(2016)020 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-citationOn axionic field ranges, loopholes and the weak gravity conjecture
Brown, J., Cottrell, W., Shiu, G., & Soler, P. (2016) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep04(2016)017 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Daido, R., Takahashi, F., & Yin, W. (2018) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep02(2018)104 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
A flux-scaling scenario for high-scale moduli stabilization in string theory
Blumenhagen, R., Font, A., Fuchs, M., Herschmann, D., Plauschinn, E., Sekiguchi, Y., & Wolf, F. (2015) · Nuclear Physics B · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2015.06.003 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Instantons and infinite distances
Marchesano, F., & Wiesner, M. (2019) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep08(2019)088 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Large-field inflation with multiple axions and the weak gravity conjecture
Junghans, D. (2016) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep02(2016)128 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Experimental targets for photon couplings of the QCD axion
Agrawal, P., Fan, J., Reece, M., & Wang, L.-T. (2018) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep02(2018)006 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Swampland distance conjecture, inflation and α-attractors
Scalisi, M., & Valenzuela, I. (2019) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep08(2019)160 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-citationA holographic derivation of the weak gravity conjecture
Montero, M. (2019) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep03(2019)157 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationWeak gravity conjecture in the AdS/CFT correspondence
Nakayama, Y., & Yasunori Nomura, A. (2015) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.92.126006 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Physics potential of the International Axion Observatory (IAXO)
Armengaud, E., Attié, D., Saclay), Observ.), S. B. (., Brun, P., Saclay), (CERN), N. B., Carmona, J. M., Castel, J., Cebrián, S., et al. (2019) · DESY (CERN, DESY, Fermilab, IHEP, and SLAC) · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Murayama, H., Yamazaki, M., & Yanagida, T. T. (2018) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep12(2018)032 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Scalar fields, hierarchical UV/IR mixing and the Weak Gravity Conjecture
Lüst, D., & Palti, E. (2018) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep02(2018)040 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
The Weak Gravity Conjecture in three dimensions
Montero, M., Shiu, G., & Soler, P. (2016) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · doi:10.1007/jhep10%282016%29159 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self-citationSharpening the Distance Conjecture in diverse dimensions
Etheredge, M., Heidenreich, B., Kaya, S., Qiu, Y., & Rudelius, T. (2022) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep12(2022)114 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Backreaction issues in axion monodromy and Minkowski 4-forms
Valenzuela, I. (2017) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep06(2017)098 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationConditions for (no) eternal inflation
Rudelius, T. (2019) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2019/08/009 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Axion monodromy and the weak gravity conjecture
Hebecker, A., Rompineve, F., & Westphal, A. (2016) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep04(2016)157 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Ibáñez, L. E., Martín-Lozano, V., & Valenzuela, I. (2017) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep11(2017)066 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationWormholes and masses for Goldstone bosons
Alonso, R., & Alfredo Urbano, A. (2019) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep02(2019)136 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
A geometrical upper bound on the inflaton range
Cicoli, M., Ciupke, D., Mayrhofer, C., & Shukla, P. (2018) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep05(2018)001 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Experimental targets for photon couplings of the QCD axion
Agrawal, P. (2023) · OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) · doi:10.1007/jhep02%282018%29006 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Warping the Weak Gravity Conjecture
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The global gauge group structure of F-theory compactification with U(1)s
Mirjam Cvetič, B., & Lin, L. (2018) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep01(2018)157 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Flat monodromies and a Moduli Space Size Conjecture
Hebecker, A., Henkenjohann, P., & Witkowski, L. T. (2017) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep12(2017)033 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Murayama, H., Yamazaki, M., & Yanagida, T. T. (2018) · OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) · doi:10.1007/jhep12%282018%29032 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Generalized symmetry breaking scales and weak gravity conjectures
Córdova, C., Ohmori, K., & Rudelius, T. (2022) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep11(2022)154 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Modular symmetries and the swampland conjectures
Gonzalo, E., Ibáñez, L. E., & Uranga, A. M. (2019) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep05(2019)105 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationOn natural inflation and moduli stabilisation in string theory
Palti, E. (2015) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep10(2015)188 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
The convex hull swampland distance conjecture and bounds on non-geodesics
Calderón-Infante, J., Uranga, A. M., & Valenzuela, I. (2021) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep03(2021)299 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationTransplanckian axion monodromy!?
Buratti, G., Calderón-Infante, J., & Uranga, A. M. (2019) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep05(2019)176 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationCan gravitational instantons really constrain axion inflation?
Hebecker, A., Mangat, P., Theisen, S., & Witkowski, L. T. (2017) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep02(2017)097 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Clockwork axions in cosmology. Is chromonatural inflation chrononatural?
Agrawal, P., Fan, J., & Matthew Reece, B. (2018) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep10(2018)193 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
The Swampland Conjecture and F-term Axion Monodromy Inflation
Blumenhagen, R., Valenzuela, I., Wolf, F., ElemPart, S. S. T. C. A., & Physics, T. (2017) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationBatell, B., Giudice, G. F., & Mccullough, M. P. (2015) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep12(2015)162 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
The Weak Gravity Conjecture and the axionic black hole paradox
Hebecker, A., & Soler, P. (2017) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep09(2017)036 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Discrete symmetries, weak coupling conjecture and scale separation in AdS vacua
Buratti, G., Calderón-Infante, J., Mininno, A., & Uranga, A. M. (2020) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep06(2020)083 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationCottrell, W., & Montero, M. (2018) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep02(2018)039 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationA Strong Scalar Weak Gravity Conjecture and some implications
Gonzalo, E., & Ibáñez, L. E. (2019) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep08(2019)118 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Montero, M., Uranga, A. M., & Valenzuela, I. (2017) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep07(2017)123 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationWeak Gravity Conjecture and extremal black holes
Cottrell, W. J., Shiu, G., & Soler, P. (2019) · Science China Physics Mechanics and Astronomy · doi:10.1007/s11433-019-9406-2 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Dynamical tadpoles, stringy cobordism, and the SM from spontaneous compactification
Buratti, G., Delgado, M., & Uranga, A. M. (2021) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep06(2021)170 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationWhat is the magnetic Weak Gravity Conjecture for axions?
Hebecker, A., Henkenjohann, P., & Witkowski, L. T. (2017) · Fortschritte der Physik · doi:10.1002/prop.201700011 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
A note on the WGC, effective field theory and clockwork within string theory
Ibáñez, L. E., & Montero, M. (2018) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep02(2018)057 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationDall’Agata, G., González-Martín, S., Papageorgiou, A., & Peloso, M. (2020) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2020/08/032 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
McAllister, L., Schwaller, P., Servant, G., Stout, J., & Westphal, A. (2018) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep02(2018)124 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Duality and axionic weak gravity
Andriolo, S., Huang, T.-C., Noumi, T., Ooguri, H., & Shiu, G. (2020) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.102.046008 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Exploring an early dark energy solution to the Hubble tension with Planck and SPTPol data
Chudaykin, A., Gorbunov, D. S., & Nedelko, N. (2021) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.103.043529 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Backreaction Issues in Axion Monodromy and Minkowski 4-forms
Valenzuela, I. (2017) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationInfinite distances and the axion weak gravity conjecture
Grimm, T. W., & van de Heisteeg, D. (2020) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep03(2020)020 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
A Strong Scalar Weak Gravity Conjecture and some implications
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Weak gravity bounds in asymptotic string compactifications
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Asymptotic observables and the swampland
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Axion monodromy inflation with warped KK-modes
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An axion-induced SM/MSSM Higgs landscape and the Weak Gravity Conjecture
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Euclidean Axion Wormholes Have Multiple Negative Modes
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Transplanckian censorship and global cosmic strings
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Natural Inflation with a periodic non-minimal coupling
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Towards a Swampland Global Symmetry Conjecture using weak gravity
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The fundamental need for a SM Higgs and the weak gravity conjecture
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Bifid throats for axion monodromy inflation
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Self-citationInfinite distances and the axion weak gravity conjecture
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Fate of stringy noninvertible symmetries
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Self-citationTASI Lectures on Remnants from the String Landscape
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String moduli stabilization at the conifold
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Large Field Inflation/Quintessence and the Refined Swampland Distance ConjecturePreprint
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Extra-dimensional axion expectations
Matthew Reece, B. (2025) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep07(2025)130 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Are tiny gauge couplings out of the Swampland?
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Montero, M., Uranga, A. M., & Valenzuela, I.
- Affiliations
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Montero, Miguel
- Venue
- Journal of High Energy Physics
- Published
- 2015-08
- Volume
- 2015
- Issue
- 8
- ISSN
- 1029-8479 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3037732995
- Cited by
- 200
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 11
- FWCI
- 14.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of High Energy Physics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion)
- Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Hispana (submittedVersion)
- Biblos-e Archivo (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- FP7 Ideas: European Research Council (320421)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
- Keywords
- axions, large-field inflation, quantum gravity, gravitational instantons, Euclidean instantons, weak gravity conjecture, lattice alignment, D-branes, string compactification
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