The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Medium- and short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase gene and protein families: Medium-chain and short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases in retinoid metabolism
Open accessAbstract
Abstract.Retinoic acid (RA), the most active retinoid, is synthesized in two steps from retinol. The first step, oxidation of retinol to retinaldehyde, is catalyzed by cytosolic alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) of the medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (MDR) superfamily and microsomal retinol dehydrogenases (RDHs) of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily. The second step, oxidation of retinaldehyde to RA, is catalyzed by several aldehyde dehydrogenases. ADH1 and ADH2 are the major MDR enzymes in liver retinol detoxification, while ADH3 (less active) and ADH4 (most active) participate in RA generation in tissues. Several NAD+- and NADP+-dependent SDRs are retinoid active. Their in vivo contribution has been demonstrated in the visual cycle (RDH5, RDH12), adult retinoid homeostasis (RDH1) and embryogenesis (RDH10). Km values for most retinoid-active ADHs and RDHs are close to 1 μM or lower, suggesting that they participate physiologically in retinol/retinaldehyde interconversion. Probably none of these enzymes uses retinoids bound to cellular retinol-binding protein, but only free retinoids. The large number of enzymes involved in the two directions of this step, also including aldo-keto reductases, suggests that retinaldehyde levels are strictly regulated.
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Retinoic acid signalling during development
Rhinn, M., & Dollé, P. (2012) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.065938 · Cited by 849
Vitamin A in Reproduction and Development
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Retinoic acid synthesis and functions in early embryonic development
Kin Ting Kam, R., Deng, Y., Chen, Y., & Zhao, H. (2012) · Cell & Bioscience · doi:10.1186/2045-3701-2-11 · Cited by 283
ALDH1A Isozymes are Markers of Human Melanoma Stem Cells and Potential Therapeutic Targets
Luo, Y., Dallaglio, K., Chen, Y., Robinson, W. A., Robinson, S. E., McCarter, M. D., Wang, J., Gonzalez, R., Thompson, D. C., Norris, D. A., et al. (2012) · Stem Cells · doi:10.1002/stem.1193 · Cited by 281
Functions, Therapeutic Applications, and Synthesis of Retinoids and Carotenoids
Álvarez, R., Vaz, B., Gronemeyer, H., & de Lera, Á. R. (2014) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr400126u · Cited by 260
Metadata
- Authors
- Parés, X., Farrés, J., Kedishvili, N., & Duester, G.
- Venue
- Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
- Published
- 2008-11-14
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- 3936-3949
- ISSN
- 1420-682X (ISSN-L)
- 1420-9071
- OpenAlex
- W1607516925
- Cited by
- 174
- References
- 7
- FWCI
- 4.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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