CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 423Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processesProtein Interaction Studies and Fluorescence AnalysisCholesterol and Lipid Metabolism

Retinoid-binding proteins: mediators of retinoid action

Open access
NOY, Noa·2000·Biochemical Journal
DOI 10.1042/bj3480481PMC PMC1221089
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Active vitamin A metabolites, known as retinoids, are essential for multiple physiological processes, ranging from vision to embryonic development. These small hydrophobic compounds associate in vivo with soluble proteins that are present in a variety of cells and in particular extracellular compartments, and which bind different types of retinoids with high selectivity and affinity. Traditionally, retinoid-binding proteins were viewed as transport proteins that act by solubilizing and protecting their labile ligands in aqueous spaces. It is becoming increasingly clear, however, that, in addition to this general role, retinoid-binding proteins have diverse and specific functions in regulating the disposition, metabolism and activities of retinoids. Some retinoid-binding proteins appear to act by sequestering their ligands, thereby generating concentration gradients that allow cells to take up retinoids from extracellular pools and metabolic steps to proceed in energetically unfavourable directions. Other retinoid-binding proteins regulate the metabolic fates of their ligands by protecting them from some enzymes while allowing metabolism by others. In these cases, delivery of a bound retinoid from the binding protein to the ‘correct’ enzyme is likely to be mediated by direct and specific interactions between the two proteins. One retinoid-binding protein was reported to enhance the ability of its ligand to regulate gene transcription by directly delivering this retinoid to the transcription factor that is activated by it. ‘Channelling’ of retinoids between their corresponding binding protein and a particular protein target thus seems to be a general theme through which some retinoid-binding proteins exert their effects.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1042/bj3480481

Cites

147 of 147 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • CRBP I is expressed in many tissues including the eye, whereas CRBP II expression is restricted to the intestine.

    “CRBP I is expressed in many tissues, including the eye, whereas CRBP II expression is restricted to the intestine.”

    From Chemistry of the Retinoid (Visual) Cycle (2014) · cites this paper as [494]

    The Functions of CRBPs section says CRBP-I is expressed in multiple tissues, including pigment epithelium cells in the eye. It says CRBP-II is restricted to the small intestine in adults, but also reports transient expression in the fetal liver and expression in the yolk sac. The claim omits that developmental qualification. (LLM, conf=0.90)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Two retinoid-binding proteins are specifically expressed in the eye.

    “Two retinoid-binding proteins are specifically expressed in the eye.494”

    From Chemistry of the Retinoid (Visual) Cycle (2014) · cites this paper as [494]

  • CRBP I and CRBP II have about 50% sequence identity depending on species and show differential tissue expression.

    “Two isoforms of the protein, CRBP I and CRBP II with ∼50% sequence identity depending on the species, exhibit differential tissue expression.494”

    From Chemistry of the Retinoid (Visual) Cycle (2014) · cites this paper as [494]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 5

  1. Mangelsdorf, D., Umesono, K. and Evans, R. M. (1994) The retinoid receptors. In The Retinoids, Biology, Chemistry and Medicine (Sporn, M. B., Roberts, A. B. and Goodman, D. S., eds.), pp. 319-350, Raven Press, New York
  2. Vogel, S., Gamble, M. V. and Blaner, W. S. (1999) Biosynthesis, absorption, metabolism and transport of retinoids. In Retinoids : The Biochemical and Molecular Basis of Vitamin A and Retinoid Action, vol. 139 (Nau, H. and Blaner, W. S., eds.), pp. 31-96, Springer-Verlag, Berlin
  3. Noy, N. (1999) Physical-chemical properties and action of retinoids. In Retinoids : The Biochemical and Molecular Basis of Vitamin A and Retinoid Action, vol. 139 (Nau, H. and Blaner, W. S., eds.), pp. 3-29, Springer-Verlag, Berlin 52
  4. Hoffman, C. and Eichele, G. (1994) Retinoids in development. In The Retinoids, Biology, Chemistry and Medicine (Sporn, M. B., Roberts, A. B. and Goodman, D. S., eds.), pp. 387-441, Raven Press, New York 98
  5. Saari, J. C. (1994) Retinoids in photosensitive tissues. In The Retinoids, Biology, Chemistry and Medicine (Sporn, M. B., Roberts, A. B. and Goodman, D. S., eds.), pp. 351-386, Raven Press, New York 120

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
NOY, N.
Affiliations
Cornell University (US)
Corresponding author
NOY, Noa
ORCID
NOY, Noa
Venue
Biochemical Journal
Publisher
Portland Press Ltd.
Published
2000-06-07
Volume
348
Issue
3
Pages
481-495
ISSN
  • 0264-6021 (ISSN-L)
  • 1470-8728
DOI
10.1042/bj3480481
PMC
PMC1221089
OpenAlex
W2001405592
Cited by
422
References
146
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 14
FWCI
5.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Biochemical Journal (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01ey009296-07)
  • National Eye Institute (EY09296)
  • National Cancer Institute (CA 68150, R01CA068150)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Interaction Studies and Fluorescence Analysis
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
Keywords
retinoid-binding proteins, retinoids, vitamin A metabolites, retinoid transport, vitamin A metabolism, concentration gradient, protein-protein interaction, transcriptional regulation, transcription factors
MeSH terms
Animals, Humans, Models, Molecular, Protein Conformation, Retinoids, Retinol-Binding Proteins

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review