The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Operons
Open accessAbstract
Operons (clusters of co-regulated genes with related functions) are common features of bacterial genomes. More recently, functional gene clustering has been reported in eukaryotes, from yeasts to filamentous fungi, plants, and animals. Gene clusters can consist of paralogous genes that have most likely arisen by gene duplication. However, there are now many examples of eukaryotic gene clusters that contain functionally related but non-homologous genes and that represent functional gene organizations with operon-like features (physical clustering and co-regulation). These include gene clusters for use of different carbon and nitrogen sources in yeasts, for production of antibiotics, toxins, and virulence determinants in filamentous fungi, for production of defense compounds in plants, and for innate and adaptive immunity in animals (the major histocompatibility locus). The aim of this article is to review features of functional gene clusters in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and the significance of clustering for effective function.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Massive gene decay in the leprosy bacillus.
Cole, S. T., Eiglmeier, K., Parkhill, J., James, K. D., Thomson, N. R., Wheeler, P. R., Honoré, N., Garnier, T., Churcher, C., Harris, D., et al. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35059006 · Cited by 1,777
Dujon, B., Sherman, D., Fischer, G., Durrens, P., Casaregola, S., Lafontaine, I., de Montigny, J., Marck, C., Neuvéglise, C., Talla, E., et al. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02579 · Cited by 1,623
Genomic sequence of the pathogenic and allergenic filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus
Nierman, W. C., Pain, A., Anderson, M. J., Wortman, J. R., Kim, H. S., Arroyo, J., Berriman, M., Abe, K., Archer, D. B., Bermejo, C., et al. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04332 · Cited by 1,391
Interaction network containing conserved and essential protein complexes in Escherichia coli
Butland, G., Peregrín-Alvarez, J. M., Li, J., Yang, W., Yang, X., Canadien, V., Starostine, A., Richards, D., Beattie, B., Krogan, N., et al. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03239 · Cited by 1,201
LaeA, a Regulator of Secondary Metabolism in Aspergillus spp
Bok, J. W., & Keller, N. P. (2004) · Eukaryotic Cell · doi:10.1128/ec.3.2.527-535.2004 · Cited by 902
Optimality and evolutionary tuning of the expression level of a protein
Dekel, E., & Alon, U. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03842 · Cited by 766
Li, Q., Peterson, K. R., Fang, X., & Stamatoyannopoulos, G. (2002) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2002-04-1104 · Cited by 456
Transcriptional Regulation of Chemical Diversity in Aspergillus fumigatus by LaeA
Perrin, R. M., Fedorova, N. D., Bok, J. W., Cramer, R. A., Wortman, J. R., Kim, H. S., Nierman, W. C., & Keller, N. P. (2007) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030050 · Cited by 352
Brosch, G., Ransom, R., Lechner, T., Walton, J. D., & Loidl, P. (1995) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.7.11.1941 · Cited by 204 · cited 1×
“Although some secondary metabolites have been shown to be important in mediating interactions between fungal pathogens and their hosts [33, 36, 37, 42, 43], in many cases the biological significance of these compounds for the producing fungus is unknown.”
BackgroundMinimal ProtoHox cluster inferred from bilaterian and cnidarian Hox complements
Chourrout, D., Delsuc, F., Chourrout, P., Edvardsen, R. B., Rentzsch, F., Renfer, E., Jensen, M. F., Zhu, B., de Jong, P., Steele, R. E., et al. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04863 · Cited by 197
Cited by
Molecular activities, biosynthesis and evolution of triterpenoid saponins
Augustin, J. M., Kuzina, V., Andersen, S. B., & Bak, S. (2011) · Phytochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.01.015 · Cited by 799
A P450‐centric view of plant evolution
Nelson, D., & Werck‐Reichhart, D. (2011) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04529.x · Cited by 720
Development of a gut microbe–targeted nonlethal therapeutic to inhibit thrombosis potential
Roberts, A. B., Gu, X., Buffa, J. A., Hurd, A. G., Wang, Z., Zhu, W., Gupta, N., Skye, S. M., Cody, D. B., Levison, B. S., et al. (2018) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0128-1 · Cited by 552
Two rings in them all: The labdane-related diterpenoids
Peters, R. J. (2010) · Natural Product Reports · doi:10.1039/c0np00019a · Cited by 433
Diversification of P450 Genes During Land Plant Evolution
Mizutani, M., & Ohta, D. (2010) · Annual Review of Plant Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev-arplant-042809-112305 · Cited by 411
Metadata
- Authors
- Osbourn, A. E., & Field, B.
- Venue
- Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
- Published
- 2009-08-07
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 3755-3775
- ISSN
- 1420-682X (ISSN-L)
- 1420-9071
- OpenAlex
- W3189516953
- Cited by
- 214
- References
- 10
- FWCI
- 7.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Operons. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1007/s00018-009-0114-3
- The paper
- Osbourn, A. E., & Field, B. (2009). Operons. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-009-0114-3
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.