Locus control regions
Open accessAbstract
Locus control regions (LCRs) are operationally defined by their ability to enhance the expression of linked genes to physiological levels in a tissue-specific and copy number–dependent manner at ectopic chromatin sites. Although their composition and locations relative to their cognate genes are different, LCRs have been described in a broad spectrum of mammalian gene systems, suggesting that they play an important role in the control of eukaryotic gene expression. The discovery of the LCR in the β-globin locus and the characterization of LCRs in other loci reinforces the concept that developmental and cell lineage–specific regulation of gene expression relies not on gene-proximal elements such as promoters, enhancers, and silencers exclusively, but also on long-range interactions of variouscis regulatory elements and dynamic chromatin alterations.
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This developmental switch is tightly regulated by epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, as well as by long-range interactions mediated by the locus control region (LCR) upstream of the β-globin cluster.
“This developmental switch is tightly regulated by epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, as well as by long-range interactions mediated by the locus control region (LCR) upstream of the β-globin cluster [94,95].”
From Origin and Evolution of Genes in Eukaryotes: Mechanisms, Dynamics, and Functional Implications (2025) · cites this paper as [94]
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- Authors
- Li, Q., Peterson, K. R., Fang, X., & Stamatoyannopoulos, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Venue
- Blood
- Publisher
- American Society of Hematology
- Published
- 2002-11-01
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 3077-3086
- ISSN
- 0006-4971 (ISSN-L)
- 1528-0020
- PMC
- PMC2811695
- OpenAlex
- W2141340108
- Cited by
- 456
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 2.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Blood (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-20899, R01HL020899, R56HL067336, R01HL067336, HL 67336)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK61804, R01DK061805, R01DK061804, DK 61805, DK 53510)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- locus control region, gene expression regulation, beta-globin locus, cis-regulatory elements, long-range chromatin interactions, tissue-specific gene expression, chromatin remodeling, enhancers, silencers
- MeSH terms
- Acetylation, Animals, Chickens, Chromatin, DNA Replication, Enhancer Elements, Genetic, Gene Expression Regulation, Globins, Heterochromatin, Histones, Humans, Transcription, Genetic, Vertebrates, Cell Lineage, Locus Control Region, Mice, Rats
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