General anaesthetic actions on ligand-gated ion channels

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The Site of Action of General Anesthetics - A Chemical Approach

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Minimum Anesthetic Concentration of Sevoflurane with Different Xenon Concentrations in Swine

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Awareness during anesthesia: how sure can we be that the patient is sleeping indeed?

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Modulation of the MAPKs pathways affects Aβ-induced cognitive deficits in Alzheimer’s disease via activation of α7nAChR

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The Effects of Anesthetics and Ethanol on ??2 Adrenoceptor Subtypes Expressed with G Protein-Coupled Inwardly Rectifying Potassium Channels in Xenopus Oocytes

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Drug elucidation: invertebrate genetics sheds new light on the molecular targets of CNS drugs

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Actions of Anesthetics on Excitatory Transmitter-Gated Channels

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Calcium and protons affect the interaction of neurotransmitters and anesthetics with anionic lipid membranes

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Unique general anesthetic binding sites within distinct conformational states of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

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Loss of surface N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor proteins in mouse cortical neurones during anaesthesia induced by chloral hydrate in vivo

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Prolonged anesthesia alters brain synaptic architecture

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Developmental Changes in Evoked Purkinje Cell Complex Spike Responses

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Development of Subtype-Selective GABAA Receptor Compounds for the Treatment of Anxiety, Sleep Disorders and Epilepsy

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Determinants of the Anesthetic Sensitivity of Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

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Characterization of the Dizocilpine Binding Site on the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor

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Modulation of glycine responses by dihydropyridines and verapamil in rat spinal neurons

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Immobilizing Doses of Halothane, Isoflurane or Propofol, Do Not Preferentially Depress Noxious Heat-Evoked Responses of Rat Lumbar Dorsal Horn Neurons with Ascending Projections

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Pentameric ligand-gated ion channels: insights from computation

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Temporal and spatial tuning of dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus neurons in unanesthetized rats

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Abuse potential assessment of propofol by its subjective effects after sedation

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GABAA Receptor β2E155 Residue Located at the Agonist-Binding Site Is Involved in the Receptor Gating

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Perceptual decision related activity in the lateral geniculate nucleus

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Basic Principles of Pharmacology

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Bilayer Partition Coefficients of Alkanols: Predicted Effects of Varying Lipid Composition

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Mechanisms of General Anesthesia

Hansen, S. B. (2025) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-030222-121430 · Cited by 15

Structural interplay of anesthetics and paralytics on muscle nicotinic receptors

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Inhibition of human 5-HT3A and 5-HT3AB receptors by etomidate, propofol and pentobarbital

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Contradicting a Unitary Theory of General Anesthetic Action: a History of Three Compounds from 1901 to 2001

Krasowski, M. D. (2003) · Bulletin of Anesthesia History · doi:10.1016/s1522-8649(03)50031-2 · Cited by 15

Volatile anesthetics and endogenous cannabinoid anandamide have additive and independent inhibitory effects on α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated responses in Xenopus oocytes

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Coincident Activity of Converging Pathways Enables Simultaneous Long-Term Potentiation and Long-Term Depression in Hippocampal CA1 Network In Vivo

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Estradiol and testosterone modulate the anesthetic action of the GABA-A agonist THIP, but not of the neurosteroid 3a,5�-pregnanolone in the rat

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The Inhibition of Central Nicotinic nAch Receptors Is the Possible Cause of Prolonged Cognitive Impairment After Anesthesia

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Dynamic loss of surface‐expressed AMPA receptors in mouse cortical and striatal neurons during anesthesia

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Hippocampal astrocyte dysfunction contributes to etomidate-induced long-lasting synaptic inhibition

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Derivation of Preliminary Three-Dimensional Pharmacophores for Nonhalogenated Volatile Anesthetics

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Sevoflurane Reduces Synaptic Glutamate Release in Human Synaptosomes

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GABAA-R α1 subunit knockin mutation leads to abnormal EEG and anesthetic-induced seizure-like activity in mice

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Isoflurane Depresses Windup of C Fiber-Evoked Limb Withdrawal with Variable Effects on Nociceptive Lumbar Spinal Neurons in Rats

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Anesthetic Sensitivities to Propofol and Halothane in Mice Lacking the R-Type (Cav2.3) Ca2+ Channel

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Halothane depresses C-fiber-evoked windup of deep dorsal horn neurons in mice

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Location and Character of Volatile General Anesthetics Binding Sites in the Transmembrane Domain of TRPV1

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General anesthesia research: aroused from a deep sleep?

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Involvement of GABA and opioid peptide receptors in sevoflurane-induced antinociception in rat spinal cord

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What makes a molecule an anaesthetic? Studies on the mechanisms of anaesthesia using a physicochemical approach

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A Model Membrane Protein for Binding Volatile Anesthetics

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Nociceptive spinal withdrawal reflexes but not spinal dorsal horn wide‐dynamic range neuron activities are specifically inhibited by halothane anaesthesia in spinalized rats

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Binding of the General Anesthetics Chloroform and 2,2,2-Trichloroethanol to the Hydrophobic Core of a Four-α-Helix Bundle Protein¶

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Selective GABA‐receptor actions of amobarbital on thalamic neurons

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Ascorbic acid reverses the prolonged anesthetic action of pentobarbital in Akr1a-knockout mice

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Modeling the Gabaergic Action of Etomidate on the Thalamocortical System

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Minimum Alveolar Concentration-Awake of Sevoflurane Is Decreased in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease

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Can molecular similarity-activity models for intravenous general anaesthetics help explain their mechanism of action?

Sewell, J. C., & Sear, J. W. (2002) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/88.2.166 · Cited by 12

Sevoflurane-Induced Structural Changes in a Four-α-Helix Bundle Protein

Pidikiti, R., Zhang, T., Mallela, K. M. G., Shamim, M., Reddy, K. S., & Johansson, J. S. (2005) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi050896q · Cited by 12

E-cigarette Flavors, Sensory Perception, and Evoked Responses

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Changes in the Term Neonatal Electroencephalogram with General Anesthesia: A Systematic Review with Narrative Synthesis

Corlette, S. J., Walker, S. M., Cornelissen, L., Brasher, C., Bower, J., & Davidson, A. J. (2024) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aln.0000000000005088 · Cited by 11

Evaluation of the electroencephalogram in awake, sedated, and anesthetized dogs

Sakai, D. M., Trenholme, H. N., Torpy, F. J., Craig, H. A., & Reed, R. (2023) · Research in Veterinary Science · doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.04.008 · Cited by 11

Interactions of L-3,5,3'-Triiodothyronine, Allopregnanolone, and Ivermectin with the GABAA Receptor: Evidence for Overlapping Intersubunit Binding Modes

Westergard, T., Salari, R., Martin, J. V., & Brannigan, G. H. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0139072 · Cited by 12

Exposure to Sevoflurane, But Not Ketamine, During Early-life Brain Development has Long-Lasting Effects on GABAA Receptor Mediated Inhibitory Neurotransmission

Lin, D., Liu, J., Florveus, A., Ganesan, V., Cottrell, J. E., & Kass, I. S. (2021) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.08.001 · Cited by 10

Was wissen wir über Narkosemechanismen?

Eckle, V., Hucklenbruch, C., & Todorovic, S. M. (2009) · Der Anaesthesist · doi:10.1007/s00101-009-1618-9 · Cited by 12

The discovery of new anesthetics by targeting GABAAreceptors

Krasowski, M. D., & Hopfinger, A. J. (2011) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1517/17460441.2011.627324 · Cited by 11

Potentiation, activation and blockade of GABAA receptors by etomidate in the rat sacral dorsal commissural neurons

Hong, Z., & Wang, D.-S. (2005) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.02.005 · Cited by 11

GABA and Sleep: Molecular, Functional and Clinical Aspects

Reite, M. L. (2011) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11010133 · Cited by 11

Molecular Targets of General Anesthetics in the Nervous System

Hemmings, H. C. (2009) · Contemporary clinical neuroscience · doi:10.1007/978-1-60761-462-3_2 · Cited by 10

Influence of oxygenated fuel additives and their metabolites on γ-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptor function in rat brain synaptoneurosomes

Martin, J. V., Iyer, S. V., McIlroy, P. J., & Iba, M. M. (2003) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2003.10.024 · Cited by 10

Effects of common anesthetic agents on [18F]flumazenil binding to the GABAA receptor

Palner, M., Beinat, C., Banister, S. D., Zanderigo, F., Park, J. H., Shen, B., Hjørnevik, T., Jung, J. H., Lee, B. C., Kim, S. E., et al. (2016) · EJNMMI Research · doi:10.1186/s13550-016-0235-2 · Cited by 10

Etomidate elevates intracellular calcium levels and promotes catecholamine secretion in bovine chromaffin cells

Xie, Z., Currie, K., & Fox, A. P. (2004) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2004.070664 · Cited by 10

Isoflurane and Propofol Have Similar Effects on Spinal Neuronal Windup at Concentrations that Block Movement

Ng, K. P., & Antognini, J. F. (2006) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/01.ane.0000247732.33602.f5 · Cited by 10

Potentiation of glycine responses by dideoxyforskolin and tamoxifen in rat spinal neurons

Chesnoy‐Marchais, D. (2003) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02481.x · Cited by 10

Effects of anesthetic agents on seizure-induction with intra-cortical injection of convulsants

Hunfeld, M., Pope, K. J., Fitzgibbon, S. P., Willoughby, J. O., & Broberg, M. (2013) · Epilepsy Research · doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2012.12.009 · Cited by 9

Modulation of the Gloeobacter violaceus Ion Channel by Fentanyl: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Faulkner, C., Plant, D. F., & de Leeuw, N. H. (2019) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00881 · Cited by 9

What’s New in Intravenous Anaesthesia? New Hypnotics, New Models and New Applications

Vellinga, R., Valk, B. I., Absalom, A. R., Struys, M. M. R. F., & Barends, C. R. M. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11123493 · Cited by 9

Inhibition of propofol on single neuron and neuronal ensemble activity in prefrontal cortex of rats during working memory task

Xu, X., Tian, Y., Wang, G., & Tian, X. (2014) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.05.034 · Cited by 9

Inhibition of insulin-like growth factor I receptor tyrosine kinase by ethanol

Rubin, R., Harrison, R. W., Chen, X.-F., Corzitotto, J., Hoek, J. B., & Hallak, H. (2004) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2004.06.032 · Cited by 9

Cyclohexanol analogues are positive modulators of GABAA receptor currents and act as general anaesthetics in vivo

Hall, A. C., Griffith, T. N., Tsikolia, M., Kotey, F. O., Gill, N., Humbert, D. J., Watt, E. E., Yermolina, Y. A., Goel, S., Elgendy, B., et al. (2011) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.05.058 · Cited by 9

Nanoencapsulation of general anaesthetics

Abdoullateef, B. M. T., Al‐Mofty, S. E., & Azzazy, H. M. E.-S. (2024) · Nanoscale Advances · doi:10.1039/d3na01012k · Cited by 8

Effects of different anesthetic drugs on electroretinography in mice

Yu, C., Wang, X. B., Yang, K., Han, Y., Li, S., & Wang, Y. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-98924-x · Cited by 8

Contribution of neuroinflammation to changes in [ 11 C]flumazenil binding in the rat brain: Evaluation of the inflamed pons as reference tissue

Parente, A., García, D. V., Shoji, A., Alves, I. L., Maas, B., Zijlma, R., Dierckx, R., Buchpiguel, C. A., de Vries, E. F. J., & Doorduin, J. (2017) · Nuclear Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.03.001 · Cited by 8

Genetic reduction of GABAA receptor γ2 subunit expression potentiates the immobilizing action of isoflurane

Seo, K., Seino, H., Yoshikawa, H., Petrenko, A. B., Baba, H., Fujiwara, N., Someya, G., Kawano, Y., Maeda, T., Matsuda, M., et al. (2010) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2010.01.031 · Cited by 8

Bidirectional Regulation of Intravenous General Anesthetic Actions by α3-containing γ-aminobutyric AcidAReceptors

Straub, C. J., Lau, H. M., Parlato, R., Schuetz, G., Fritschy, J., & Rudolph, U. (2013) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aln.0b013e3182800d76 · Cited by 9

Learning and Memory During Sleep and Anesthesia

Reasor, J. D., & Poe, G. R. (2008) · International Anesthesiology Clinics · doi:10.1097/aia.0b013e318181e513 · Cited by 8

Influence of oxygenated fuel additives and their metabolites on the binding of a convulsant ligand of the γ-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptor in rat brain membrane preparations

Martin, J. V., Bilgin, N. M., & Iba, M. M. (2002) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00020-6 · Cited by 8

A calorimetric study on the binding of six general anesthetics to the hydrophobic core of a model protein

Zhang, T., & Johansson, J. S. (2004) · Biophysical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bpc.2004.08.009 · Cited by 8

Glycine substitution of α1F64 residue at the loop D of GABAA receptor impairs gating – Implications for importance of binding site-channel gate linker rigidity

Kłopotowski, K., Czyzewska, M. M., & Mozrzymas, J. W. (2021) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114668 · Cited by 7

Fluorescence Approaches for Characterizing Ion Channels in Synthetic Bilayers

Islam, M. S., Gaston, J. P., & Baker, M. A. B. (2021) · Membranes · doi:10.3390/membranes11110857 · Cited by 7

The effect of pentobarbital sodium and propofol anesthesia on multifocal electroretinograms in rhesus macaques

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