Cancer and diabetes: are we ready for prime time?
Open accessThe claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The underlying mechanisms of tumorigenesis in type 2 diabetes seem related to insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, elevated IGF-1, and hyperglycemia driving ATP production in cancer cells through the glycolytic pathway (Warburg effect).
“The underlying mechanisms of tumorigenesis in T2DM seem to be related to insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, elevated levels of IGF-1 [140-142], and hyperglycemia with the latter driving ATP production in cancer cells through the glycolytic pathway, a mechanism known as the Warburg effect [142].”
From Metformin: An Old But Still the Best Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes (2013) · cites this paper as [142]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Systematic review and meta-analysis
Gillies, A. (2019) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781315377315-19 · Cited by 2,659 · see citing works
Giovannucci, E., Harlan, D. M., Archer, M. C., Bergenstal, R. M., Gapstur, S. M., Habel, L. A., Pollak, M., Regensteiner, J. G., & Yee, D. (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-0666 · Cited by 2,366 · see citing works
Iliopoulos, D., Hirsch, H. A., & Struhl, K. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.10.014 · Cited by 1,374 · see citing works
The influence of glucose-lowering therapies on cancer risk in type 2 diabetes
Currie, C. J., Poole, C. D., & Gale, E. A. M. (2009) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-009-1440-6 · Cited by 1,124 · see citing works
Self-citationJoslin, E., & Marble, A. (1971) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-103-5-820_3 · Cited by 1,049 · see citing works
Barone, B. B. (2008) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2008.824 · Cited by 881 · cited 1× · see citing works
“A further concern is that people with diabetes who develop cancer appear to be more likely to die from it [ 13 ], although this observation might be explained on other grounds, such as diabetes-related contraindications to some types of chemotherapy or the higher mortality rate associated with diabetes itself.”
BackgroundHemkens, L. G., Grouven, U., Bender, R., Günster, C., Gutschmidt, S., Selke, G. W., & Sawicki, P. T. (2009) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-009-1418-4 · Cited by 607 · see citing works
Jonasson, J. M., Ljung, R., Talbäck, M., Haglund, B., Gudbjörnsdòttir, S., & Steineck, G. (2009) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-009-1444-2 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
SDRN Epidemiology Group, & Colhoun, H. M. (2009) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-009-1453-1 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Does diabetes therapy influence the risk of cancer?
Smith, U., & Gale, E. A. M. (2009) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-009-1441-5 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Self-citation(1988) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-108-3-503_6 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Bowker, S. L., Yasui, Y., Veugelers, P. J., & Johnson, J. A. (2010) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-010-1750-8 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Reduced Screening Mammography Among Women With Diabetes
Lipscombe, L. L., Hux, J. E., & Booth, G. L. (2005) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.165.18.2090 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Linking diabetes and cancer: a consensus on complexity
Renehan, A. G., Smith, U., & Kirkman, M. S. (2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60706-4 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationCancer and Tuberculosis with Some Comments on Cancer and Other Diseases
Wilson, E. B., & Maher, H. C. (1932) · American Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1158/ajc.1932.227 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Metformin: An Old But Still the Best Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes
Rojas, L. B. A., & Gomes, M. B. (2013) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/1758-5996-5-6 · Cited by 567 · see citing works
Metformin in cancer prevention and therapy.
Kasznicki, J., Śliwińska, A., & Drzewoski, J. (2014) · PubMed Central · doi:10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2014.06.01 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Metformin: Multi-faceted protection against cancer
Barco, S. D., Vázquez‐Martín, A., Cufí, S., Oliveras‐Ferraros, C., Bosch‐Barrera, J., Joven, J., Martı́n-Castillo, B., & Menéndez, J. A. (2011) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.387 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
PTEN Mutations as a Cause of Constitutive Insulin Sensitivity and Obesity
Pal, A., Barber, T. M., van de Bunt, M., Rudge, S. A., Zhang, Q., Lachlan, K. L., Cooper, N. S., Linden, H., Lévy, J., Wakelam, M. J. O., et al. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1113966 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Wu, X., He, C., Wu, Y., & Chen, X. (2015) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.10.016 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
ADCY5 Couples Glucose to Insulin Secretion in Human Islets
Hodson, D. J., Mitchell, R. K., Marselli, L., Pullen, T. J., Gimeno Brias, S., Semplici, F., Everett, K. L., Cooper, D. M. F., Bugliani, M., Marchetti, P., et al. (2014) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db13-1607 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Challenges and Perspectives in the Treatment of Diabetes Associated Breast Cancer
Samuel, S. M., Varghese, E., Varghese, S., & Büsselberg, D. (2018) · Cancer Treatment Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.08.004 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Hua, F., Li, K., Yu, J.-J., Lv, X.-X., Yan, J., Zhang, X.-W., Sun, W., Lin, H., Shang, S., Wang, F., et al. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms8951 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Insulin Resistance: The Increased Risk of Cancers
Szablewski, L. (2024) · Current Oncology · doi:10.3390/curroncol31020075 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
The association between diabetes and breast cancer stage at diagnosis: a population-based study
Lipscombe, L. L., Fischer, H. D., Austin, P. C., Fu, L., Jaakkimainen, R. L., Ginsburg, O., Rochon, P. A., Narod, S. A., & Paszat, L. F. (2015) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-015-3323-5 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Chiavarina, B., Nokin, M., Bellier, J., Durieux, F., Blétard, N., Sherer, F., Lovinfosse, P., Peulen, O., Verset, L., Dehon, R., et al. (2017) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms18010213 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Macrophage PPARγ inhibits Gpr132 to mediate the anti-tumor effects of rosiglitazone
Cheng, W. Y., Huynh, H., Chen, P., Peña‐Llopis, S., & Wan, Y. (2016) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.18501 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Diabetes and Cancer: 5 Years Into the Recent Controversy
Badrick, E., & Renehan, A. G. (2014) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2014.04.032 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
The genetics of type 2 diabetes and its clinical relevance
Pal, A., & McCarthy, M. I. (2012) · Clinical Genetics · doi:10.1111/cge.12055 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Jonasson, J. M., Cederholm, J., Eliasson, B., Zethelius, B., Eeg‐Olofsson, K., & Guðbjörnsdóttir, S. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038784 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Ljung, R., Talbäck, M., Haglund, B., Jonasson, J. M., Guðbjörnsdóttir, S., & Steineck, G. (2011) · Acta Oncologica · doi:10.3109/0284186x.2011.558913 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Gobbo, M. G., da Costa, C. F. P., da Silva, D. G. H., de Almeida, E. A., & Góes, R. M. (2015) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2015/614579 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Common mechanisms of dysfunctional adipose tissue and obesity‐related cancers
Matafome, P. N., Santos‐Silva, D., Sena, C. M., & Seiça, R. M. F. (2013) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.2395 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Novel Metformin-Based Schiff Bases: Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Evaluation
Al-Qadsy, I., Saeed, W. S., Al-Odayni, A.-B. M., Al-Faqeeh, L. A. S., Alghamdi, A. A. B., & Farooqui, M. N. (2020) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma13030514 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Wynn, A., Vacheron, A. B., Zuber, J. K., & Solomon, S. S. (2019) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2019.06.002 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Animal Models of GWAS-Identified Type 2 Diabetes Genes
Xavier, G. D. S., Bellomo, E. A., McGinty, J., French, P. M. W., & Rutter, G. A. (2013) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2013/906590 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Wang, J., Zhao, J., Zhang, Y., & Liu, C. (2018) · Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine · doi:10.3892/etm.2018.6168 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Chong, R. W., Vasudevan, V., Zuber, J. K., & Solomon, S. S. (2016) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2016.01.013 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Sung, H., Hung, C., Tung, Y., Lin, C., Tsai, T., & Huang, K. (2024) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.3784 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Pioglitazone: Indian perspective
Shukla, R., & Kalra, S. (2011) · Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.4103/2230-8210.85581 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
The double trouble of metabolic diseases: the diabetes–cancer link
Tudzarova, S., & Osman, M. A. (2015) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e14-11-1550 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Do we have enough data to confirm the link between antidiabetic drug use and cancer development?
Drzewoski, J., Drozdowska, A., & Śliwińska, A. (2011) · Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnętrznej · doi:10.20452/pamw.1029 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Hosio, M., Urpilainen, E., Marttila, M., Hautakoski, A., Arffman, M., Sund, R., Puistola, U., Läärä, E., Jukkola‐Vuorinen, A., & Karihtala, P. (2019) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-019-05185-0 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Wild, S. H. (2011) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-011-2169-6 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Association between metabolic syndrome and hepatobiliary cancers: A case-control study
Menon, S., & Mathew, R. (2019) · Indian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s12664-018-0925-y · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Cross Talk between COVID-19 and Breast Cancer
Parmar, H. S., Nayak, A., Gavel, P. K., Jha, H. C., Bhagwat, S., & Sharma, R. (2021) · Current Cancer Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1568009621666210216102236 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Metformin: risk-benefit profile with a focus on cancer
Provinciali, N., Lazzeroni, M., Cazzaniga, M., Gorlero, F., Dunn, B. K., & DeCensi, A. (2015) · Expert Opinion on Drug Safety · doi:10.1517/14740338.2015.1084289 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Gedawy, A., Al‐Salami, H., & Dass, C. R. (2020) · Therapeutic Delivery · doi:10.4155/tde-2020-0102 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Cancer risks from diabetes therapies: Evaluating the evidence
Li, C., & Kong, D. (2014) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.05.006 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Matafome, P. N., Rodrigues, T., Pereira, A., Letra, L., Azevedo, H., Paixão, A. D. O., Silvério, M. N. O., ALMEIDA, A. A., Sena, C. M., & Seiça, R. M. F. (2014) · Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.3109/13813455.2014.950590 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
The influence of diabetes severity on receipt of guideline-concordant treatment for breast cancer
Sabatino, S. A., Thompson, T., Wu, X., Fleming, S. T., Kimmick, G. G., Trentham‐Dietz, A., Cress, R. D., & Anderson, R. T. (2014) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-014-2998-3 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Virtual screening of novel compounds as potential ERα inhibitors
TilakVijay, J., Babu, K. V., & Addepally, U. (2019) · Bioinformation · doi:10.6026/97320630015321 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Ghorbanzadeh, F., Jafari-Gharabaghlou, D., Dashti, M. R., Hashemi, M., & Zarghami, N. (2023) · Medical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12032-023-02120-8 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Yokoyama, N. N., Denmon, A. P., Uchio, E., Jordan, M. L., Mercola, D., & Zi, X. (2015) · Current Pharmacology Reports · doi:10.1007/s40495-015-0039-5 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Glycation and Hypoxia: Two Key Factors for Adipose Tissue Dysfunction
Matafome, P. N., Rodrigues, T., & Seiça, R. M. F. (2015) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0929867322666150209155633 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Zhang, D., Hou, W., Liu, F., Yin, J., Lu, W., Li, M., Zheng, T., Lu, F., Bao, Y., & Jia, W. (2014) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2014.0176 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Wu, H., Zhang, J.-J., & Zhou, B. (2020) · Clinical & Translational Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12094-020-02415-6 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
PTEN— Linking Metabolism, Cell Growth, and Cancer
Smith, U. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejme1208934 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationDiabetes, chronic kidney disease and cancer risk
Hartmann, A., Jenssen, T. G., & Holdaas, H. (2012) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfs175 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Samaras, K., Crawford, J., Lutgers, H. L., Campbell, L. V., Baune, B. T., Lux, O., Brodaty, H., Trollor, J. N., & Sachdev, P. S. (2015) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.13482 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Ghosh, M., Mandal, S., Paul, S., Chakrabarty, S., Roy, A., Chakrabarti, G., & Pradhan, S. K. (2023) · Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104781 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Bhushan, S., Ray, R. S., Prakash, J., & Singh, G. (2019) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.08.018 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Metformin resistant MDA-MB-468 cells exhibit EMT-like phenotype and increased migration capacity
Köker, Ş. C., Yalçin, B., & Doğan, İ. (2022) · Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11033-022-07381-6 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Los nuevos antidiabéticos en el punto de mira… ¿razones de seguridad o caza de brujas?
Nicolau, J., & Masmiquel, L. (2011) · Endocrinología y Nutrición · doi:10.1016/j.endonu.2011.11.002 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Köroğlu, P., Ertik, O., Bulan, Ö. K., & Yanardağ, R. (2025) · Journal of Molecular Histology · doi:10.1007/s10735-025-10478-4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Expression patterns of PIK3CA and PTEN in cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Rivero, D., Tomsich, J. L., Benegas, P., Gallardo, M. F., Méndez, E., Mascheroni, M. B., Kober, M., Zapata, P. D., & Ferri, C. A. (2025) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2025.149748 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Dasgupta, D., & Patel, A. (2025) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d5ra03450g · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The new antidiabetic agents in the firing line… safety reasons or witch hunt?
Nicolau, J., & Masmiquel, L. (2012) · Endocrinología y Nutrición (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.endoen.2011.11.003 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Epidemiological and Experimental Studies: The Role of Metformin on Colorectal Cancer
Bagian Farmakologi, F. K., & Yudhani, R. D. (2016) · Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy · doi:10.15416/ijcp.2016.5.4.258 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Metformin: od mehanizmov delovanja do napredne klinične uporabe
Janić, M., Volčanšek, Š., Lunder, M., & Janež, A. (2017) · Slovenian Medical Journal · doi:10.6016/zdravvestn.1503 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Zhao, Y., Zhang, J., Chen, D., Xing, S., Zhang, S., & Zhang, Q. (2025) · Discover Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12672-025-02204-z · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Schimpf, A. R. A., Formichela, M. M., Mascheroni, M. B., Rivero, D., Chamorro, M. L., Portillo, V., Zapata, P. D., & Ferri, C. A. (2022) · Revista de Ciencia y Tecnología · doi:10.36995/j.recyt.2022.37.009 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Brücher, B. L. D. M., & Jamall, I. S. (2019) · 4open · doi:10.1051/fopen/2019006 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Metformin Resistant MDA-MB-468 Cells Exhibit EMT-like Phenotype and Increased Migration CapacityPreprint
Köker, Ş. C., Yalçin, B., & Doğan, İ. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-382083/v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Genome-wide association studies of Type 2 diabetes: are these ready to make an impact in the clinic?
Thanabalasingham, G., Gloyn, A. L., & Owen, K. R. (2011) · Diabetes Management · doi:10.2217/dmt.11.30
The Mediterranean Diet to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes and its Complications
de Lorgeril, M., & Salen, P. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-407849-9.00031-2
In Vitro Inhibitory Activity of Itraconazole on Proliferation of T47D and MCF-7 Cancer Cell Lines
Vijay, J. T. (2019) · International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology · doi:10.22214/ijraset.2019.9013
Thérapeutique des désordres glycémiques
(2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-73954-5.00007-x
The metabolic determinants of the response to ketone bodies in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells
Alherz, M. (2020) · Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology)
Thérapeutique des désordres glycémiques
(2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-75889-8.00007-5
Metformin Resistant MDA-MB-468 Cells Exhibit EMT-like Phenotype and Increased Migration CapacityPreprint
Köker, Ş. C., Yalçin, B., & Doğan, İ. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-382083/v2
The predictions of seven cancers burden attributed to high fasting plasma glucose from 2020 to 2030Preprint
Ye, J., Wang, P., Qin, J., Lei, F., Tang, F., Lin, L., Zhang, X., Wang, W., Liu, W., Chen, Z., et al. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4369129/v1
Drug Repurposing: Harnessing the Therapeutics from Antidiabetic Molecules
Bhatta, A., Mahale, P., Baral, H., Yuvaraj, D. K., & Kaundal, R. K. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-4522-3_3
Crossing paths: historical and philosophical perspectives on cancer and diabetes classifications
Yvonnet, S., & Tybjerg, K. (2026) · History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s40656-026-00729-2
- Authors
- Smith, U., & Gale, E. A. M.
- Affiliations
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital (SE)
- Southmead Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Gale, E. A. M.
- ORCID
- Smith, U.
- Venue
- Diabetologia
- Published
- 2010-06-13
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1541-1544
- ISSN
- 0012-186X (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0428
- OpenAlex
- W1968802243
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 6
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Diabetologia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Keywords
- cancer, diabetes mellitus, diabetes and cancer risk, cancer prevention
- MeSH terms
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Neoplasms
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review