Anti-inflammatory action of exendin-4 in human islets is enhanced by phosphodiesterase inhibitors: potential therapeutic benefits in diabetic patients
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Aims/hypothesis Exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue, is reported to have modest anti-inflammatory effects in addition to that of improving beta cell survival. We therefore sought to determine whether exendin-4 decreases expression of the gene encoding chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)10, which plays a role in initiating insulitis in type 1 diabetes. Methods The expression of CXCL10 in human islets was determined at the mRNA level by real-time RT-PCR analysis and at the protein level by western blotting. The level of CXCL10 in culture medium was measured by ELISA. Pathway-specific gene expression profiling was carried out to determine the expression of a panel of genes encoding chemokines and cytokines in human islets exposed to cytokines. Results IFN-γ induced expression of CXCL10 through activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT-1). A combination of cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ) showed strong synergy in the induction of numerous chemokines and cytokines through nuclear factor kappa B and STAT-1. Exendin-4 suppressed basal expression of several inflammatory mediators. In combination with phosphodiesterase inhibitors, exendin-4 also decreased IFN-γ-induced CXCL10 expression in human islets and in MIN6 cells (a mouse beta cell line), and its secretion into the culture medium. Exendin-4 action was mimicked by forskolin, an activator of adenylyl cyclase, and by dibutyryl cyclic AMP. Protein kinase A was not involved in mediating exendin-4 action on CXCL10. The mechanism of exendin-4's anti-inflammatory action involved decreases in STAT-1 levels. Conclusions/interpretation These findings suggest that the GLP-1-cyclic AMP pathway decreases islet inflammation in addition to its known effects on beta cell survival.
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Exendin-4 (100 nM) decreased IFN-γ-induced STAT1, which is important for CXCL10 expression in the pancreatic beta-cell line, MIN6 cells, and human islets.
“Exendin-4 (100 nM) decreased IFN-γ-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1), which is important for CXCL10 expression in the pancreatic beta-cell line, MIN6 cells, and human islets.”
From Anti-Inflammatory Effects of GLP-1-Based Therapies beyond Glucose Control (2016) · cites this paper as [48]
Suppression of CXCL10 production by exendin-4 could reduce islet inflammation by decreasing cytotoxic T lymphocyte recruitment into the islets in autoimmune type 1 diabetes.
“Therefore, suppression of CXCL10 production by exendin-4 could reduce islet inflammation by decreasing cytotoxic T lymphocyte recruitment into the islets in autoimmune type 1 diabetes [48].”
From Anti-Inflammatory Effects of GLP-1-Based Therapies beyond Glucose Control (2016) · cites this paper as [48]
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The Acute Regulation of Intestinal Chylomicron Secretion by Glucagon-like Peptides
Hsieh, J. (2012) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
- Authors
- Pugazhenthi, U., Velmurugan, K., Tran, A., Mahaffey, G., & Pugazhenthi, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Denver (US)
- Veterans Health Administration (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pugazhenthi, S.
- Venue
- Diabetologia
- Published
- 2010-07-16
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2357-2368
- ISSN
- 0012-186X (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0428
- OpenAlex
- W2007907433
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 7.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Diabetologia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Diabetes Association (1-06-JF-40)
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (I01 BX001837)
- University of Denver
- University of Colorado Denver
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
- Keywords
- exendin-4, glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues, anti-inflammatory activity, human pancreatic islets, CXCL10, chemokines, type 1 diabetes, insulitis, interferon-gamma, STAT1, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, cyclic AMP, forskolin, MIN6 cells, beta cell inflammation, cytokine synergy
- MeSH terms
- Exenatide, Cyclic AMP, Analysis of Variance, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Cell Line, Cells, Cultured, Diabetes Mellitus, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Humans, Interferon-gamma, Islets of Langerhans, Peptides, Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors, RNA, Messenger, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Venoms, Blotting, Western, Signal Transduction, NF-kappa B, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, STAT1 Transcription Factor, Interleukin-1beta, Chemokine CXCL10, In Vitro Techniques
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