Long-term effect of rosiglitazone and/or ramipril on the incidence of diabetes
Open accessAbstract
Aims/hypothesis The Diabetes Reduction Assessment with Ramipril and Rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) trial reported that 3 years of therapy with rosiglitazone reduced the primary outcome of diabetes or death by 60%. Here we investigated whether an effect on diabetes prevention persists more than 1.5 years after therapy has been discontinued.Methods The DREAM On passive follow-up study was conducted at 49 of the 191 DREAM sites. Consenting participants were invited to have a repeat OGTT 1-2 years after active therapy ended. A diagnosis of diabetes at that time was based on either a fasting or 2 h plasma glucose level of ≥7.0 mmol/l or ≥11.1 mmol/l, respectively, or a confirmed diagnosis by a non-study physician. Regression to normoglycaemia was defined as a fasting and 2 h plasma glucose level of <6.1 mmol/l and <7.8 mmol/l, respectively.Results After a median of 1.6 years after the end of the trial and 4.3 years after randomisation, rosiglitazone participants had a 39% lower incidence of the primary outcome (hazard ratio [HR] 0.61, 95% CI 0.53-0.70; p < 0.0001) and 17% more regression to normoglycaemia (95% CI 1.01-1.34; p = 0.034). When the analysis was restricted to the passive follow-up period, a similar incidence of both the primary outcome and regression was observed in people from both treatment groups (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.81-1.24 and HR 1.14, 95% CI 0.97-1.32, respectively). Similar effects were noted when new diabetes was analysed separately from death. Ramipril did not have any significant long-term effect.Conclusions/interpretation Time-limited exposure to rosiglitazone reduces the longer term incidence of diabetes by delaying but not reversing the underlying disease process.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Lifestyle and drug-based interventions lower the long-term risk of diabetes or postpone its onset.
“Several trials support a long-term reduction in diabetes risk or a delay in the onset of the disease as a result of lifestyle and drug-based interventions.15,19,116–118”
From Prediabetes: a high-risk state for diabetes development (2012) · cites this paper as [118]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin
(2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa012512 · Cited by 19,011 · see citing works
Tuomilehto, J., Lindström, J., Eriksson, J. G., Valle, T. T., Hämäläinen, H., Ilanne-Parikka, P., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S., Laakso, M., Louheranta, A., Rastas, M., et al. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200105033441801 · Cited by 10,873 · see citing works
Pan, X.-R., Li, G.-W., Hu, Y.-H., Wang, J.-X., Yang, W.-Y., An, Z.-X., Hu, Z.-X., Juan-Lin, Xiao, J.-Z., Cao, H.-B., et al. (1997) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.20.4.537 · Cited by 4,320 · see citing works
Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61457-4 · Cited by 3,020 · see citing works
Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy
Kahn, S. E., Haffner, S. M., Heise, M. A., Herman, W. H., Holman, R. R., Jones, N. P., Kravitz, B. G., Lachin, J. M., O'Neill, M. C., Zinman, B., et al. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa066224 · Cited by 2,962 · see citing works
Acarbose for prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus: the STOP-NIDDM randomised trial
Chiasson, J.-L., Josse, R. G., Gomis, R., Hanefeld, M., Karasik, A., & Laakso, M. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)08905-5 · Cited by 2,543 · see citing works
Ramachandran, A., Snehalatha, C., Mary, S., Mukesh, B., Bhaskar, A. D., Vijay, V., & Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme (IDPP) (2006) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-005-0097-z · Cited by 1,881 · see citing works
Lindström, J., Ilanne-Parikka, P., Peltonen, M., Aunola, S., Eriksson, J. G., Hemiö, K., Hämäläinen, H., Härkönen, P., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S., Laakso, M., et al. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69701-8 · Cited by 1,799 · see citing works
Li, G., Zhang, P., Wang, J., Gregg, E. W., Yang, W., Gong, Q., Li, H., Li, H., Jiang, Y., An, Y., et al. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60766-7 · Cited by 1,600 · see citing works
Buchanan, T. A., Xiang, A. H., Peters, R. K., Kjos, S. L., Marroquin, A., Goico, J., Ochoa, C., Tan, S., Berkowitz, K., Hodis, H. N., et al. (2002) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.9.2796 · Cited by 1,339 · see citing works
Effect of ramipril on the incidence of diabetes
(2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa065061 · Cited by 737 · see citing works
[The Da Qing IGT and Diabetes study].
Ayame, H. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 658 · see citing works
Prevention of type 2 diabetes by lifestyle intervention: a Japanese trial in IGT males
Kosaka, K., Noda, M., & Kuzuya, T. (2005) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2004.06.010 · Cited by 656 · see citing works
Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes With Troglitazone in the Diabetes Prevention Program
The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group* (2005) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.4.1150 · Cited by 474 · see citing works
The DREAM trial – Authors' reply
Gerstein, H. C., Yusuf, S., & Bosch, J. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69829-2 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
The DREAM Trial Investigators (2004) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-004-1485-5 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Hanley, A. J., Zinman, B., Sheridan, P., Yusuf, S., Gerstein, H. C., & for the Diabetes Reduction Assessment With Ramipril and Rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) Investigators (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-1579 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Prediabetes: a high-risk state for diabetes development
Tabák, A. G., Herder, C., Rathmann, W., Brunner, E. J., & Kivimäki, M. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60283-9 · Cited by 2,958 · see citing works
Thiazolidinediones and PPARγ agonists: time for a reassessment
Cariou, B., Charbonnel, B. H., & Staels, B. (2012) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2012.03.001 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Thiazolidinediones as antidiabetic agents: A critical review
Nanjan, M. J., Mohammed, M., Prashantha Kumar, B. R., & Chandrasekar, M. J. N. (2018) · Bioorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.02.009 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Prediabetes and Lifestyle Modification: Time to Prevent a Preventable Disease
Tuso, P. (2014) · The Permanente Journal · doi:10.7812/tpp/14-002 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Merlotti, C., Morabito, A., & Pontiroli, A. E. (2014) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12270 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Cefalu, W. T., Buse, J. B., Tuomilehto, J. O., Fleming, G. A., Ferrannini, E., Gerstein, H. C., Bennett, P. H., Ramachandran, A., Raz, I., Rosenstock, J., et al. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-0873 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Bardini, G., Rotella, C. M., & Giannini, S. (2012) · The Review of Diabetic Studies · doi:10.1900/rds.2012.9.82 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Khetan, A. K., & Rajagopalan, S. (2018) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2017.12.030 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
We Can Change the Natural History of Type 2 Diabetes
Phillips, L. S., Ratner, R. E., Buse, J. B., & Kahn, S. E. (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-0817 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Bioactive compounds from mushrooms: Emerging bioresources of food and nutraceuticals
Kour, H., Kour, D., Kour, S., Singh, S., Hashmi, S. A. J., Yadav, A. N., Kumar, K., Sharma, Y. P., & Ahluwalia, A. S. (2022) · Food Bioscience · doi:10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102124 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Pharmacological treatment and therapeutic perspectives of metabolic syndrome
Lim, S. K., & Eckel, R. H. (2014) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-014-9298-4 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Antihypertensive drugs and glucose metabolism
Rizos, C. V. (2014) · World Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.4330/wjc.v6.i7.517 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Edwards, C., & Cusi, K. J. (2016) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2016.06.007 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Metabolic syndrome: nature, therapeutic solutions and options
Onat, A. (2011) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.2011.585462 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
ORIGIN Trial Investigators (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-1676 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
van Raalte, D. H., & Verchere, C. B. (2017) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12935 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Prediabetes Deserves More Attention: A Review
Lawal, Y., Bello, F., & Kaoje, Y. S. (2020) · Clinical Diabetes · doi:10.2337/cd19-0101 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Prevention of type 2 diabetes in obese at-risk subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Merlotti, C., Morabito, A., Ceriani, V., & Pontiroli, A. E. (2014) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-014-0624-9 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Mo, D., Liu, S., Ma, H., Tian, H., Yu, H., Zhang, X., Tong, N., Liao, J., & Ren, Y. (2019) · Drug Design Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s208327 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Metformin Should Not Be Used to Treat Prediabetes
Davidson, M. B. (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-2221 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Callesen, N., Damm, J. A., Mathiesen, J. M., Ringholm, L., Damm, P., & Mathiesen, E. R. (2012) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.3109/14767058.2012.743523 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Tripathy, D., Schwenke, D. C., Banerji, M., Bray, G. A., Buchanan, T. A., Clement, S. C., Henry, R. R., Kitabchi, A. E., Mudaliar, S. R. D., Ratner, R. E., et al. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-4202 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) Research Group, Hamman, R. F., Horton, E., Barrett-Connor, E., Bray, G. A., Christophi, C. A., Crandall, J., Florez, J. C., Fowler, S., Goldberg, R., et al. (2015) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db14-0333 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
The metabolic vascular syndrome - guide to an individualized treatment
Hanefeld, M., Pistrosch, F., Bornstein, S. R., & Birkenfeld, A. L. (2016) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-016-9345-4 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Prediabetes: To treat or not to treat?
Moutzouri, E., Tsimihodimos, V., Rizos, E. C., & Elisaf, M. (2011) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.10.007 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Davidson, M. B. (2022) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109219 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Retnakaran, R. R., Qi, Y., Harris, S. B., Hanley, A. J., & Zinman, B. (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc11-0046 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Lip, S. Z. L., Jeemon, P., McCallum, L., Dominiczak, A. F., McInnes, G. T., & Padmanabhan, S. (2015) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv557 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Reinshagen, M., Kabisch, S., Pfeiffer, A. F. H., & Spranger, J. (2023) · Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology · doi:10.14218/jcth.2022.00019 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Schüler, R., Osterhoff, M. A., Frahnow, T., Möhlig, M., Spranger, J., Stefanovski, D., Bergman, R. N., Li, X., Seltmann, A., Kabisch, S., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-08300-7 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Guo, H., Wang, Q., Chen, J., Xuan, Y., Xu, J., Liu, Y., Sun, K., Gao, Q., Sun, Z., et al. (2021) · Primary care diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.pcd.2021.12.009 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The TODAY Study Group (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc20-0622 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Beta‐cell function in type 2 diabetes ( T2DM ): Can it be preserved or enhanced?
Kassem, L. S., Rajpal, A., Barreiro, M. V. E., & Ismail‐Beigi, F. (2023) · Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1111/1753-0407.13446 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Pharmacological interventions for preventing or delaying onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Bethel, M. A., Xu, W., & Theodorakis, M. J. (2014) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12401 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Should Prediabetes be Treated Pharmacologically?
Davidson, M. B. (2023) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-023-01449-7 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Hua, H., Yang, J., Lin, H., Xi, Y., Dai, M., Xu, G.-M., Wang, F., Liu, L., Zhao, T., Huang, J., et al. (2018) · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/jphp.13014 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Prediabetes and Fracture Risk Among Midlife Women in the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation
Shieh, A., Greendale, G. A., Cauley, J. A., Karvonen-Gutierrez, C. A., & Karlamangla, A. S. (2023) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.14835 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The Role of Prediabetes in the Metabolic Syndrome: Guilt by Association
Davidson, M. B. (2023) · Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders · doi:10.1089/met.2023.0005 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Yakout, I. A., Gallab, M. M., Mohamed, D. A., Hamdar, H., Ibrahim, S. I., Mohamed, A., Abdelshafi, A., & Abd‐ElGawad, M. (2024) · Seminars in Oncology · doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2024.10.001 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Disease in Women
Bhakta, M. D., Mookadam, F., & Wilansky, S. (2011) · Future Cardiology · doi:10.2217/fca.11.30 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Kunyiha, N., Adan, R., Ngugi, R., Odhiambo, J., & Sokwalla, S. (2025) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-025-01581-7 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Hypertension, Obesity, and Metabolic Syndrome
Nilsson, P. M. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-88-470-2601-8_11 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
What's Next for Diabetes Prevention?
Kahn, S. E., & Utzschneider, K. M. (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc11-0694 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Glandt, M., & Bloomgarden, Z. T. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3314-9_11 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Pre-Diabetic, Insulin-Resistant State
Barzilay, J. I. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5061-6_25 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Kozak, B. M., Brown, A. S., & Close, K. L. (2012) · Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1111/j.1753-0407.2012.00197.x · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Definition, History, and Management of the Metabolic Syndrome and Management Gaps
Vidal, J., & Jiménez, A. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-3220-7_1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Guiding diabetes screening and prevention: rationale, recommendations and remaining challenges
Aroda, V. R., & Getaneh, A. (2015) · Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1586/17446651.2015.1054280
Treatment with Thiazolidinediones
Suvag, S., Utzschneider, K. M., & Kahn, S. E. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-1331-8_9
Chang, E., Kozak, B., & Close, K. L. (2010) · Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1111/j.1753-0407.2010.00097.x · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Prävention der diabetischen Nephropathie: Was ist praktisch machbar?
Rüster, C., & Wolf, G. (2015) · Deutsches Ärzteblatt · doi:10.3238/persdia.2015.04.24.01
Liontos, A., Biros, D., Liamis, G. L., & Milionis, H. J. (2022) · Journal of Atherosclerosis Prevention and Treatment · doi:10.53590/japt.02.1033
Nonlifestyle Treatment of Prediabetes
Davidson, M. B. (2025) · Clinical Diabetes · doi:10.2337/cd25-0027
Nanomaterials for three-dimensional printing in management of metabolic disorders
Kumar, S., Sutar, A. D., & Shukla, R. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-28942-2.00014-4
- Authors
- DREAM On (Diabetes Reduction Assessment with Ramipril and Rosiglitazone Medication Ongoing Follow-up) Investigators
- Affiliations
- Population Health Research Institute (CA)
- Corresponding author
- DREAM On (Diabetes Reduction Assessment with Ramipril and Rosiglitazone Medication Ongoing Follow-up) Investigators
- Venue
- Diabetologia
- Published
- 2010-11-30
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 487-495
- ISSN
- 0012-186X (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0428
- OpenAlex
- W2114754014
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 3.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Diabetologia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Sanofi
- McMaster University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Keywords
- rosiglitazone, ramipril, type 2 diabetes prevention, DREAM trial, long-term follow-up, thiazolidinediones, ACE inhibitors, diabetes incidence
- MeSH terms
- Rosiglitazone, Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Male, Middle Aged, Ramipril, Thiazolidinediones
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
