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Cited by 34Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesMigration, Health and TraumaMental Health Treatment and Access

Comorbid psychopathology and everyday functioning in a brief intervention study to reduce khat use among Somalis living in Kenya: description of baseline multimorbidity, its effects of intervention and its moderation effects on substance use

Widmann, Marina, Apondi, Bernice, Musau, Abednego, Warsame, Abdulkadir Hussein, Isse, Maimuna, Mutiso, Victoria, Veltrup, Clemens, Ndetei, David +1 more·2017·Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
DOI 10.1007/s00127-017-1368-y
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Abstract

Background and aims Migration and khat use were found to correlate with high rates of psychopathology. In this paper we aimed for assessing baseline multimorbidity and its interactions with a Brief Intervention.Methods In the RCT, 330 male Somali khat users were assigned to treatment conditions (khat use is a predominantly male habit). The ASSIST-linked BI for khat users was administered. Using the TLFB Calendar, the PHQ-9, a Somali short version of the PDS and parts from the CIDI, khat use and comorbidity was assessed. With a regression analysis we tested for the influence of comorbidity and with mixed effect models group differences over time in sleep duration, khat use-time and everyday functioning.Results We found high rates of baseline multimorbidity: 51% (N = 168) for depression, 22% (N = 74) for PTSD and 23% (N = 73) for khat-psychotic symptoms. Depression and khat-psychotic symptoms, but not PTSD symptoms decreased without group differences. Khat use-time decreased and functional time increased with significant time × group interactions (p ≤ 0.046). Depression and PTSD did not influence therapy success but in participants without comorbid psychopathology, more khat use reduction after the intervention was found (p = 0.024).Conclusion Somali khat users in Kenya are highly burdened by multimorbidity of depression, PTSD and khat-psychotic symptoms. The main effects for time and differences in healthy vs. mentally ill khat users indicate potential of unspecific support and the specific need for mental health care in combination with substance abuse treatment. The increase of everyday functioning promises more options for alternative activities, preventing excessive use and addiction.

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Crossref · 10.1007/s00127-017-1368-y

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  • Single-session brief interventions resulted in reduced khat use at 1 month, but there was no further effect between month 1 and 2.

    “Single session BIs resulted in reduced khat use at 1 month but with no further effect between month 1 and 2 [57,70].”

    From A scoping review of substance use brief interventions in Africa (2024) · cites this paper as [70]

  • For the studies that had indicated the duration of the BI, the time taken to deliver the session lasted from 5 minutes to 3 hours.

    “For the studies that had indicated the duration of the BI, the time taken to deliver the session lasted from 5 minutes [70] to 3 hours [59].”

    From A scoping review of substance use brief interventions in Africa (2024) · cites this paper as [70]

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Authors
Widmann, M., Apondi, B., Musau, A., Warsame, A. H., Isse, M., Mutiso, V., Veltrup, C., Ndetei, D., & Odenwald, M.
Affiliations
  • University of Konstanz (DE)
  • Africa Mental Health Foundation (KE)
  • University of Nairobi (KE)
Corresponding author
Odenwald, Michael
ORCID
Venue
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2017-03-20
Volume
52
Issue
11
Pages
1425-1434
ISSN
  • 0933-7954 (ISSN-L)
  • 1433-9285
DOI
10.1007/s00127-017-1368-y
OpenAlex
W2603738335
Cited by
34
References
48
Citations by year
2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1
FWCI
2.14
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (unspecified)
Locations
  • Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (01DG13020)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords
khat use, psychostimulant use, comorbid psychopathology, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, psychotic symptoms, daily functioning, brief intervention, ASSIST, Somali immigrants, substance use reduction, moderating effect, sleep duration, mental health services
MeSH terms
Multimorbidity, Adult, Mental Disorders, Depression, Humans, Kenya, Male, Psychotherapy, Brief, Psychotic Disorders, Refugees, Somalia, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Treatment Outcome, Substance-Related Disorders, Catha, Young Adult

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