CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 1,472Vitamin D Research StudiesBone health and osteoporosis researchVitamin K Research Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 158 of the 158 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Global vitamin D status and determinants of hypovitaminosis D

Open access
on behalf of the IOF Committee of Scientific Advisors (CSA) Nutrition Working Group, Mithal, A., Wahl, D. A., Bonjour, J.-P., Burckhardt, P., Dawson-Hughes, B., Eisman, J. A., El-Hajj Fuleihan, G., Josse, R. G., Lips, P., Morales-Torres, J.·2009·Osteoporosis International
DOI 10.1007/s00198-009-0954-6
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Unlabelled This review describes the vitamin D status in different regions of the world with the objective of understanding the scope of hypovitaminosis D and the factors related to its prevalence that may contribute to the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and fragility fractures.Introduction Vitamin D status has been linked to the pathogenesis of hip fractures as well as other skeletal and non-skeletal disorders. The purpose of this review is to provide a global perspective of vitamin D status across different regions of the world and to identify the common and significant determinants of hypovitaminosis D.Methods Six regions of the world were reviewed-Asia, Europe, Middle East and Africa, Latin America, North America, and Oceania-through a survey of published literature.Results The definition of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency, as well as assay methodology for 25-hydroxyvitamin D or 25(OH)D, vary between studies. However, serum 25(OH)D levels below 75 nmol/L are prevalent in every region studied whilst levels below 25 nmol/L are most common in regions such as South Asia and the Middle East. Older age, female sex, higher latitude, winter season, darker skin pigmentation, less sunlight exposure, dietary habits, and absence of vitamin D fortification are the main factors that are significantly associated with lower 25(OH)D levels.Conclusion Reports from across the world indicate that hypovitaminosis D is widespread and is re-emerging as a major health problem globally.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s00198-009-0954-6

Cites

158 of 158 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. Rodrigo MD (2007) Peak bone mass measured by phalangeal BMD and its association with nutritional status, socioeconomics status and physical activity: a community based cross sectional study in Galle district, Sri Lanka. In: Extract from PHD thesis (in press)
  2. Foo LH, Zhang Q, Zhu K et al (2005) Vitamin D status and its relationship with bone mass in healthy adolescent girls in China. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 14:S40
  3. Quintana Duque MA, Toro CE, Restrepo JF et al (2007) Vitamina D en America Latina. Rev Metab Óseo Miner 5:403–410
  4. Elizondo-Alanís JR, Espinoza-Zamora JR, Zayas-Jaime SJ (2006) Serum levels of vitamin D in healthy postmenopausal women at 4 cities in Mexico. Rev Metab Óseo Miner 4:389–398

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 1,472

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
on behalf of the IOF Committee of Scientific Advisors (CSA) Nutrition Working Group, Mithal, A., Wahl, D. A., Bonjour, J.-P., Burckhardt, P., Dawson-Hughes, B., Eisman, J. A., El-Hajj Fuleihan, G., Josse, R. G., Lips, P., & Morales-Torres, J.
Affiliations
  • Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals (IN)
  • International Osteoporosis Foundation (CH)
  • University of Geneva (CH)
  • Hirslanden Clinique Bois-Cerf (CH)
  • Garvan Institute of Medical Research (AU)
  • St. Michael's Hospital (CA)
  • Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
Corresponding author
Mithal, A.
ORCID
Venue
Osteoporosis International
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2009-06-19
Volume
20
Issue
11
Pages
1807-1820
ISSN
  • 0937-941X (ISSN-L)
  • 1433-2965
DOI
10.1007/s00198-009-0954-6
OpenAlex
W2106647095
Cited by
1,472
References
156
Citations by year
2026: 31 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 63 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 87 · 2021: 97 · 2020: 103 · 2019: 93 · 2018: 99 · 2017: 103 · 2016: 100 · 2015: 116 · 2014: 121 · 2013: 123 · 2012: 94
FWCI
8.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Osteoporosis International (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (publishedVersion)
  • Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
  • Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
International Osteoporosis Foundation
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Vitamin D Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Vitamin K Research Studies
Keywords
vitamin D status, vitamin D deficiency, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, osteoporosis, fragility fractures, hip fracture, risk factors, sun exposure, skin pigmentation, latitude, seasonal variation, dietary habits, vitamin D fortification, global prevalence
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Vitamin D, Vitamin D Deficiency, Global Health, Prevalence, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review