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Cited by 643Vitamin D Research StudiesNutrition and Health StudiesBone health and osteoporosis research

The effects of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on blood glucose and markers of inflammation in nondiabetic adults

Pittas, Anastassios G., Harris, Susan S., Stark, Paul C., Dawson-Hughes, Bess·2007·Diabetes Care
DOI 10.2337/dc06-1994
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: We sought to compare the effects of combined calcium and vitamin D supplementation versus placebo on blood glucose and markers of inflammation in nondiabetic adults aged > or =65 years. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 314 Caucasian adults without diabetes received either 500 mg calcium citrate and 700 IU vitamin D(3) or placebos daily for 3 years in a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial designed for bone-related outcomes. In a post hoc analysis, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin sensitivity (estimated by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]), plasma C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6, were measured at baseline and 3 years. RESULTS: The effects of combined calcium-vitamin D supplementation on 3-year change in FPG depended on baseline FPG (P = 0.02 for interaction). Therefore, we conducted analyses separately in participants with normal fasting glucose (NFG) (FPG <5.6 mmol/l, n = 222) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (FPG 5.6-6.9 mmol/l, n = 92) at baseline. Among participants with IFG at baseline, those who took combined calcium-vitamin D supplements had a lower rise in FPG at 3 years compared with those on placebo (0.02 mmol/l [0.4 mg/dl] vs. 0.34 mmol/l [6.1 mg/dl], respectively, P = 0.042) and a lower increase in HOMA-IR (0.05 vs. 0.91, P = 0.031). In the NFG subgroup, there was no difference in the change in FPG or HOMA-IR between the two treatment arms. There were no differences in C-reactive protein or interleukin-6 between the two treatment arms in either subgroup. CONCLUSIONS: In healthy, older adults with IFG, supplementation with calcium and vitamin D may attenuate increases in glycemia and insulin resistance that occur over time. However, our findings should be considered hypothesis generating and need to be confirmed in randomized trials specifically designed for the outcomes of interest.

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Crossref · 10.2337/dc06-1994

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  • Higher iron intake, especially haem iron, and higher iron status are associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, although the literature is not fully consistent.

    “There is some epidemiological evidence that higher Fe intake, particularly that of haem Fe, and higher Fe status are associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis and CHD (702 -714) , although not all of the literature is consistent.”

    From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [703]

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Authors
Pittas, A. G., Harris, S. S., Stark, P. C., & Dawson-Hughes, B.
Affiliations
  • Tufts Medical Center (US)
  • Tufts University (US)
  • Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Tufts–New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
ORCID
Pittas, Anastassios G.
Venue
Diabetes Care
Publisher
American Diabetes Association
Published
2007-04-01
Volume
30
Issue
4
Pages
980-986
ISSN
  • 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
  • 1935-5548
DOI
10.2337/dc06-1994
OpenAlex
W2129327282
Cited by
643
References
58
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 60 · 2013: 52 · 2012: 55
FWCI
30.44
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K23 DK 61506, R01DK076092, K23DK061506)
  • National Center for Research Resources (M01 RR-00054, M01RR000054)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutrition and Health Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
Keywords
calcium supplementation, vitamin D supplementation, calcium citrate, vitamin D3, blood glucose, fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance, HOMA-IR, impaired fasting glucose, inflammation, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, older adults, non-diabetic adults
MeSH terms
Aged, Blood Glucose, Body Weight, Calcium, Dietary, Female, Humans, Hyperglycemia, Inflammation, Insulin, Male, Reference Values, Vitamin D, Biomarkers, Body Mass Index, Dietary Supplements

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