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Tetracyclines: antibiotic action, uptake, and resistance mechanisms
Abstract
Tetracyclines probably penetrate bacterial cells by passive diffusion and inhibit bacterial growth by interfering with protein synthesis or by destroying the membrane. A growing number of various bacterial species acquire resistance to the bacteriostatic activity of tetracycline. The two widespread mechanisms of bacterial resistance do not destroy tetracycline: one is mediated by efflux pumps, the other involves an EF-G-like protein that confers ribosome protection. Oxidative destruction of tetracycline has been found in a few species. Several efflux transporters, including multidrug-resistance pumps and tetracycline-specific exporters, confer bacterial resistance against tetracycline. Single amino acids of these carrier proteins important for tetracycline transport and substrate specificity have been identified, allowing the mechanism of tetracycline transport to begin to emerge.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Schnappinger, D., & Hillen, W.
- Affiliations
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
- ORCID
- Schnappinger, Dirk
- Venue
- Archives of Microbiology
- Published
- 1996-06-24
- Volume
- 165
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 359-369
- ISSN
- 0003-9276 (ISSN-L)
- 0302-8933
- 1432-072X
- OpenAlex
- W2033647833
- Cited by
- 484
- References
- 105
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 2.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Archives of Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Microbiology (medical) › Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Keywords
- tetracycline, antibiotic resistance, efflux pumps, multidrug resistance, ribosome protection, oxidative degradation, passive diffusion, bacterial membranes, protein synthesis inhibition, substrate specificity
- MeSH terms
- Escherichia coli, Ribosomes, Tetracycline Resistance, Tetracyclines
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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