Comparative evaluation of the effects of short-term inhalation exposure to diesel engine exhaust on rat lung and brain
Open accessAbstract
Combustion-derived nanoparticles, such as diesel engine exhaust particles, have been implicated in the adverse health effects of particulate air pollution. Recent studies suggest that inhaled nanoparticles may also reach and/or affect the brain. The aim of our study was to comparatively evaluate the effects of short-term diesel engine exhaust (DEE) inhalation exposure on rat brain and lung. After 4 or 18 h recovery from a 2 h nose-only exposure to DEE (1.9 mg/m(3)), the mRNA expressions of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) were investigated in lung as well as in pituitary gland, hypothalamus, olfactory bulb, olfactory tubercles, cerebral cortex, and cerebellum. HO-1 protein expression in brain was investigated by immunohistochemistry and ELISA. In the lung, 4 h post-exposure, CYP1A1 and iNOS mRNA levels were increased, while 18 h post-exposure HO-1 was increased. In the pituitary at 4 h post-exposure, both CYP1A1 and HO-1 were increased; HO-1 was also elevated in the olfactory tuberculum at this time point. At 18 h post-exposure, increased expression of HO-1 and COX-2 was observed in cerebral cortex and cerebellum, respectively. Induction of HO-1 protein was not observed after DEE exposure. Bronchoalveolar lavage analysis of inflammatory cell influx, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 indicated that the mRNA expression changes occurred in the absence of lung inflammation. Our study shows that a single, short-term inhalation exposure to DEE triggers region-specific gene expression changes in rat brain to an extent comparable to those observed in the lung.
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Studies in animals have found that developmental exposure to air pollution is related to functional and structural brain effects.
“Studies in animals have also found that developmental exposure to air pollution is related to functional and structural brain effects [11–15].”
From A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Multiple Airborne Pollutants and Autism Spectrum Disorder (2016) · cites this paper as [15]
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- Authors
- van Berlo, D., Albrecht, C., Knaapen, A. M., Cassee, F. R., Gerlofs-Nijland, M. E., Kooter, I. M., Palomero-Gallagher, N., Bidmon, H.-J., van Schooten, F.-J., Krutmann, J., & Schins, R. P. F.
- Affiliations
- Leibniz Institute of Environmental Medicine (DE)
- Maastricht University (NL)
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (NL)
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Schins, Roel P. F.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Archives of Toxicology
- Published
- 2010-05-14
- Volume
- 84
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 553-562
- ISSN
- 0340-5761 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0738
- PMC
- PMC2886900
- OpenAlex
- W2017310881
- Cited by
- 87
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 6.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Archives of Toxicology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- JuSER (Forschungszentrum Jülich) (submittedVersion)
- Rivm Repository (Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment) (submittedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- Ministry of Environment
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Heme Oxygenase-1 and Carbon Monoxide
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Keywords
- diesel exhaust, particulate matter, inhalation exposure, heme oxygenase-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, CYP1A1, brain gene expression, lung gene expression, olfactory bulb, olfactory tubercle, pituitary gland, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, interleukin-6, recovery after exposure
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Vehicle Emissions, Brain, Lung, Male, Pneumonia, Rats, Inbred F344, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukin-6, Inhalation Exposure, Rats, Cyclooxygenase 2, Heme Oxygenase-1, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
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