Proteomic analysis of hepatic effects of phenobarbital in mice with humanized liver
Open accessAbstract
Activation of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) may induce adaptive but also adverse effects in rodent liver, including the induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes, transient hepatocellular proliferation, and promotion of liver tumor growth. Human relevance of CAR-related adverse hepatic effects is controversially debated. Here, we used the chimeric FRG-KO mouse model with livers largely repopulated by human hepatocytes, in order to study human hepatocytes and their response to treatment with the model CAR activator phenobarbital (PB) in vivo. Mice received an intraperitoneal injection with 50 mg/kg body weight PB or saline, and were sacrificed after 72–144 h. Non-repopulated FRG-KO mice were used as additional control. Comprehensive proteomics datasets were generated by merging data obtained by targeted as well as non-targeted proteomics approaches. For the first time, a novel proteomics workflow was established to comparatively analyze the effects of PB on human and murine proteins within one sample. Analysis of merged proteome data sets and bioinformatics data mining revealed comparable responses in murine and human hepatocytes with respect to nuclear receptor activation and induction of xenobiotic metabolism. By contrast, activation of MYC, a key regulator of proliferation, was predicted only for mouse but not human hepatocytes. Analyses of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine incorporation confirmed this finding. In summary, this study for the first time presents a comprehensive proteomic analysis of CAR-dependent effects in human and mouse hepatocytes from humanized FRG-KO mice. The data support the hypothesis that PB does induce adaptive metabolic responses, but not hepatocellular proliferation in human hepatocytes in vivo.
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The effects of the CAR-driven c-Myc-Foxm1 axis are not recapitulated in humanized CAR transgenic mice or human hepatocytes.
“these effects are not recapitulated in humanized CAR transgenic mice or human hepatocytes,45, 46, 47”
From Constitutive Androstane Receptor Regulates Bile Acid Homeostasis and Metabolism During Liver Regeneration (2026) · cites this paper as [46]
The Results (Functional enrichment analysis; page unavailable) report predicted MYC activation in mouse but not human hepatocytes after phenobarbital treatment. The Discussion (page unavailable) reports a clear proliferation-marker increase in wild-type mice but only a non-significant tendency in humanized CAR/PXR mice. These passages support a weaker proliferative response, but do not establish that the specific c-Myc–Foxm1 axis is not recapitulated in humanized CAR transgenic mice. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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- Authors
- Sprenger, H., Rasinger, J. D., Hammer, H., Naboulsi, W., Zabinsky, E., Planatscher, H., Schwarz, M., Poetz, O., & Braeuning, A.
- Affiliations
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) (DE)
- Norwegian Institute of Marine Research (NO)
- Signatope GmbH (Germany) (DE)
- University of Tübingen (DE)
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Braeuning, Albert
- ORCID
- Venue
- Archives of Toxicology
- Published
- 2022-07-26
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2739-2754
- ISSN
- 0340-5761 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0738
- PMC
- PMC9352639
- OpenAlex
- W4287921451
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 2.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Archives of Toxicology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- OpenAgrar (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Keywords
- phenobarbital, constitutive androstane receptor, humanized liver, human hepatocytes, xenobiotic metabolism, MYC activation, hepatocyte proliferation, drug-metabolizing enzymes, nuclear receptor activation
- MeSH terms
- Constitutive Androstane Receptor, Animals, Humans, Liver, Mice, Inbred Strains, Phenobarbital, Hepatocytes, Proteomics, Mice
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