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Cited by 84Drug Transport and Resistance MechanismsPharmacogenetics and Drug MetabolismPeroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors

The xenobiotic receptors PXR and CAR in liver physiology, an update

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Cai, Xinran, Young, Gregory M., Xie, Wen·2021·Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease
DOI 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166101PMC PMC8026720
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Abstract

Pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) are two nuclear receptors that are well-known for their roles in xenobiotic detoxification by regulating the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters. In addition to metabolizing drugs and other xenobiotics, the same enzymes and transporters are also responsible for the production and elimination of numerous endogenous chemicals, or endobiotics. Moreover, both PXR and CAR are highly expressed in the liver. As such, it is conceivable that PXR and CAR have major potentials to affect the pathophysiology of the liver by regulating the homeostasis of endobiotics. In recent years, the physiological functions of PXR and CAR in the liver have been extensively studied. Emerging evidence has suggested the roles of PXR and CAR in energy metabolism, bile acid homeostasis, cell proliferation, to name a few. This review summarizes the recent progress in our understanding of the roles of PXR and CAR in liver physiology.

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Authors
Cai, X., Young, G. M., & Xie, W.
Affiliations
University of Pittsburgh (US)
Corresponding author
Xie, Wen
ORCID
Venue
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-06
Volume
1867
Issue
6
Pages
166101
ISSN
0925-4439 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166101
PMC
PMC8026720
OpenAlex
W3133087649
Cited by
84
References
9
Citations by year
2026: 15 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 6
FWCI
1.33
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (DK117370, ES030429)
  • University of Pittsburgh
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
Keywords
pregnane X receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, nuclear receptors, liver physiology, drug-metabolizing enzymes, drug transporters, energy metabolism, bile acid homeostasis, cell proliferation
MeSH terms
Pregnane X Receptor, Constitutive Androstane Receptor, Animals, Humans, Liver Diseases, Inactivation, Metabolic, Xenobiotics, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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