Caffeine improves reaction time, vigilance and logical reasoning during extended periods with restricted opportunities for sleep
Open accessAbstract
RATIONALE: Various occupational groups are required to maintain optimal physical and cognitive function during overnight periods of wakefulness, often with less than optimal sleep. Strategies are required to help mitigate the impairments in cognitive function to help sustain workplace safety and productivity. OBJECTIVES: To test the effectiveness of repeated 200 mg doses of caffeine on cognitive function and live-fire marksmanship with soldiers during three successive nights of sustained wakefulness followed by 4-h afternoon sleep periods. METHODS: Twenty Special Forces personnel (28.6 ± 4.7 years, 177.6 ± 7.5 cm and 81.2 ± 8.0 kg) were randomly assigned to receive four 200-mg doses of caffeine (n = 10) or placebo (n = 10) during the late evening and early morning hours during three successive days. An afternoon 4-h sleep period followed. The psychomotor (PVT) and field (FVT) vigilance, logical reasoning (LRT) tests and a vigilance monitor assessed cognitive function throughout the study. Live-fire marksmanship requiring friend-foe discrimination was assessed. RESULTS: Caffeine maintained speed on the PVT (p < 0.02), improved detection of events during FVT (p < 0.001), increased number of correct responses to stimuli as assessed by the vigilance monitor (p < 0.001) and increased response speed during the LRT (p < 0.001) throughout the three overnight testing periods. Live-fire marksmanship was not altered by caffeine. CONCLUSIONS: A total daily dose of 800 mg caffeine during successive overnight periods of wakefulness is an effective strategy to maintain cognitive function when optimal sleep periods during the day are not available.
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Caffeine improves psychomotor vigilance, such as reaction time.
“Finally, caffeine improves psychomotor vigilance, such as reaction time (71–73).”
From The Safety of Ingested Caffeine: A Comprehensive Review (2017) · cites this paper as [71]
The impact of caffeine on performance appears to be greater under conditions that would negatively impact performance, such as acute caffeine withdrawal or sleep deprivation.
“The impact of caffeine appears to be greater under conditions that would negatively impact performance, such as acute caffeine withdrawal (74–76) or sleep deprivation (71, 77).”
From The Safety of Ingested Caffeine: A Comprehensive Review (2017) · cites this paper as [71]
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- Authors
- Kamimori, G. H., McLellan, T. M., Tate, C. M., Voss, D. M., Niro, P., & Lieberman, H. R.
- Affiliations
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (US)
- Defence Research and Development Canada (CA)
- New Zealand Defence Force (NZ)
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- McLellan, Tom M.
- ORCID
- Lieberman, Harris R.
- Venue
- Psychopharmacology
- Published
- 2014-12-21
- Volume
- 232
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2031-2042
- ISSN
- 0033-3158 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-2072
- PMC
- PMC4432086
- OpenAlex
- W2134167564
- Cited by
- 97
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 5.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Defense
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education
- Medical Research and Materiel Command
- U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Coffee research and impacts
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- caffeine, cognitive function, sustained attention, reaction time, logical reasoning, sustained wakefulness, sleep deprivation, military personnel, special forces, psychomotor vigilance, event detection, occupational safety
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Arousal, Attention, Caffeine, Cognition, Humans, Male, Military Personnel, Motor Activity, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Sleep, Wakefulness, Young Adult
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